Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Telessaúde e telemedicina no manejo de pacientes adultos após hospitalização por exacerbação da DPOC: revisão de escopo

RESUMO

Objetivo:

Um número substancial de pessoas com DPOC sofre de exacerbações, definidas como uma piora aguda dos sintomas respiratórios. Para minimizar as exacerbações, a telessaúde surgiu como alternativa para melhorar o manejo clínico, o acesso aos cuidados de saúde e o apoio à autogestão. Nosso objetivo foi mapear as evidências de telessaúde/telemedicina para o monitoramento de pacientes adultos com DPOC após hospitalização por exacerbação.

Métodos:

Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica nos bancos de dados PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science, Scopus, Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde/LILACS e Cochrane Library para identificar artigos que descrevessem estratégias de telessaúde e telemonitoramento em português, inglês, ou espanhol, publicados até dezembro de 2021.

Resultados:

Trinta e nove artigos, utilizando os seguintes conceitos (número de artigos), foram incluídos nesta revisão: telessaúde (21); telemonitoramento (20); telemedicina (17); teleconsulta (5); teleassistência (4); telecuidado domiciliar e telerreabilitação (3 cada); telecomunicação e saúde móvel (2 cada); e gestão de e-saúde, e-coach, teledomicílio, cuidados de telessaúde e tele/videoconsulta (1 cada). Todos esses conceitos descrevem estratégias que utilizam chamadas telefônicas e/ou de vídeo para coaching, monitoramento de dados e educação em saúde levando à autogestão ou autocuidado, com foco na prestação de cuidados domiciliares remotos integrados, com ou sem dispositivos de telemetria.

Conclusões:

Esta revisão demonstrou que a telessaúde/telemedicina associada ao telemonitoramento pode ser uma estratégia interessante para beneficiar pacientes com DPOC após a alta hospitalar por exacerbação, por meio da melhora da qualidade de vida e da redução das re-hospitalizações, admissões em serviços de emergência, tempo de internação hospitalar e custos de cuidados de saúde.

Descritores:
Doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica; Exacerbação dos sintomas; Telemedicina; Alta do paciente

ABSTRACT

Objective:

A substantial number of people with COPD suffer from exacerbations, which are defined as an acute worsening of respiratory symptoms. To minimize exacerbations, telehealth has emerged as an alternative to improve clinical management, access to health care, and support for self-management. Our objective was to map the evidence of telehealth/telemedicine for the monitoring of adult COPD patients after hospitalization due to an exacerbation.

Methods:

Bibliographic search was carried in PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science, Scopus, Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde/LILACS and Cochrane Library databases to identify articles describing telehealth and telemonitoring strategies in Portuguese, English, or Spanish published by December of 2021.

Results:

Thirty-nine articles, using the following concepts (number of articles), were included in this review: telehealth (21); telemonitoring (20); telemedicine (17); teleconsultation (5); teleassistance (4); telehomecare and telerehabilitation (3 each); telecommunication and mobile health (2 each); and e-health management, e-coach, telehome, telehealth care and televideo consultation (1 each). All these concepts describe strategies which use telephone and/or video calls for coaching, data monitoring, and health education leading to self-management or self-care, focusing on providing remote integrated home care with or without telemetry devices.

Conclusions:

This review demonstrated that telehealth/telemedicine in combination with telemonitoring can be an interesting strategy to benefit COPD patients after discharge from hospitalization for an exacerbation, by improving their quality of life and reducing re-hospitalizations, admissions to emergency services, hospital length of stay, and health care costs.

Keywords:
Pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive; Symptom flare up; Telemedicine; Patient discharge

INTRODUÇÃO

A DPOC é uma das principais causas de morbimortalidade no mundo, causando um fardo econômico e social substancial. Pessoas com DPOC sofrem dessa doença por anos e morrem prematuramente da doença ou de suas complicações.11 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease [homepage on the Internet]. Bethesda: GOLD [cited 2020 Apr 4]. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2020 report. [Adobe Acrobat document, 141p.] Available from: https://goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/GOLD-2020-FINAL-ver1.2-03Dec19_WMV.pdf
https://goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/...
A OMS previu que a DPOC será a terceira principal causa de morte no mundo, sendo responsável por aproximadamente 6% do total de mortes.22 World Health Organization [homepage on the Internet]. Geneva: WHO; [cited 2020 Apr 4]. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-(copd)
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheet...

Um número substancial de pessoas com DPOC sofre de exacerbações, definidas como uma piora aguda dos sintomas respiratórios que requer uma mudança no tratamento. As exacerbações são um importante problema de saúde e estão relacionadas à pior sobrevida.33 Viniol C, Vogelmeier CF. Exacerbations of COPD. Eur Respir Rev. 2018;27(147):170103. https://doi.org/ https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0103-2017
https://doi.org/ https://doi.org/10.1183...

Como resultado da alta prevalência de DPOC em adultos e dos avanços no tratamento da DPOC, a demanda por serviços de saúde aumentou.44 Ding H, Fatehi F, Maiorana A, Bashi N, Hu W, Edwards I. Digital health for COPD care: the current state of play. J Thorac Dis. 2019;11(Suppl 17):S2210-S2220. https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2019.10.17
https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2019.10.17...
Para aliviar a sobrecarga, a telessaúde surgiu como alternativa para melhorar o manejo clínico em doenças respiratórias crônicas.55 Blakey JD, Bender BG, Dima AL, Weinman J, Safioti G, Costello RW. Digital technologies and adherence in respiratory diseases: the road ahead. Eur Respir J. 2018;52(5):1801147. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01147-2018.
https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01147-2...

De acordo com a OMS, telemedicina e telessaúde podem ser utilizadas como sinônimos para abranger uma ampla definição de cuidados remotos. A telemedicina é definida como a prestação de serviços de saúde por profissionais de saúde, onde a distância é um fator crítico, utilizando tecnologias de comunicação para a troca de informações válidas para o diagnóstico, tratamento e prevenção de doenças e lesões, bem como para pesquisas, avaliação, e educação continuada dos prestadores de cuidados de saúde, visando aos interesses dos indivíduos e das comunidades. Alguns autores distinguem telemedicina de telessaúde por considerarem que a primeira se restringe aos médicos e a segunda abrange os profissionais de saúde em geral.66 World Health Organization. Telemedicine: opportunities and developments in Member States: report on the second global survey on eHealth. Global Observatory for eHealth series. Geneva: WHO; 2010. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44497/9789241564144_eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

A telessaúde/telemedicina pode ser prestada por meio de diferentes tecnologias, como comunicação terrestre e sem fio, dispositivos vestíveis, videoconferência, plataformas de internet, aplicativos móveis, entre outros.77 Barbosa MT, Sousa CS, Morais-Almeida M, Simões MJ, Mendes P. Telemedicine in COPD: An Overview by Topics. COPD. 2020;17(5):601-617. https://doi.org/10.1080/15412555.2020.1815182
https://doi.org/10.1080/15412555.2020.18...
Essas tecnologias podem operar de forma síncrona (ex.: videoconferência em tempo real ou chamada telefônica) ou de forma assíncrona (ex.: consulta remota utilizando e-mail, mensagens de smartphone, notificações e registro e comunicação dos sintomas aos prestadores de cuidados de saúde).44 Ding H, Fatehi F, Maiorana A, Bashi N, Hu W, Edwards I. Digital health for COPD care: the current state of play. J Thorac Dis. 2019;11(Suppl 17):S2210-S2220. https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2019.10.17
https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2019.10.17...

Em pessoas com DPOC, a telessaúde/telemedicina tem uma ampla gama de aplicabilidade, como aumento da acessibilidade aos cuidados de saúde para pacientes que vivem em áreas remotas, diminuição da demanda nos hospitais e serviços de saúde, promoção da educação em saúde, fornecimento e manejo do tratamento, mensuração da adesão ao tratamento e rápida identificação do agravamento da doença.88 Vitacca M, Montini A, Comini L. How will telemedicine change clinical practice in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2018;12:1753465818754778. 10.1177/1753465818754778
https://doi.org/10.1177/1753465818754778...

A pandemia de COVID-19 chamou atenção para a necessidade de incorporar a telessaúde/telemedicina ao manejo clínico habitual das doenças respiratórias crônicas. Atenção especial deve ser dada às exacerbações das doenças respiratórias crônicas, que são responsáveis pelo aumento da demanda por serviços de saúde e estão relacionadas a piores desfechos. Portanto, é importante saber quais estratégias têm sido utilizadas na telessaúde/telemedicina, como elas têm sido utilizadas e quais têm sido os seus efeitos no manejo das exacerbações da DPOC.

O objetivo desta revisão de escopo foi mapear as evidências de telessaúde/telemedicina para o monitoramento de pacientes adultos com DPOC após hospitalização por exacerbação.

MÉTODOS

Estratégia de busca e seleção de aplicativos de telessaúde/telemedicina

Esta revisão de escopo está registrada na Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/d8gp7). Foi baseada na Declaração Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR10)99 Peters MD, Godfrey CM, Khalil H, McInerney P, Parker D, Soares CB. Guidance for conducting systematic scoping reviews. Int J Evid Based Healthc. 2015;13(3):141-146. 10.1097/XEB.0000000000000050
https://doi.org/10.1097/XEB.000000000000...
e realizada de acordo com o Manual do Instituto Joanna Briggs.1010 Peters MDJ, Godfrey C, Mclnerney P, Munn Z, Tricco AC, Khall H. Chapter 11: Scoping reviews. In: Aromataris E, Munn Z, editors. JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. JBI: JBI; 2020. Available from: https://jbi-global-wiki.refined.site/space/MANUAL/4687342/Chapter+11%3A+Scoping+reviews. Esse método permite mapear o conceito e esclarecer as definições utilizadas na literatura.1111 Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, O'Brien KK, Colquhoun H, Levac D, et al. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(7):467-473. https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-0850.
https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-0850...

A pergunta de pesquisa foi definida com base na Population, Concept and Context framework1010 Peters MDJ, Godfrey C, Mclnerney P, Munn Z, Tricco AC, Khall H. Chapter 11: Scoping reviews. In: Aromataris E, Munn Z, editors. JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. JBI: JBI; 2020. Available from: https://jbi-global-wiki.refined.site/space/MANUAL/4687342/Chapter+11%3A+Scoping+reviews. da seguinte forma: população - pacientes adultos hospitalizados por exacerbação da DPOC; conceito - estratégias de telessaúde/telemedicina; e contexto - alta após hospitalização. A pergunta norteadora foi: “Quais são as evidências científicas sobre as estratégias de telessaúde/telemedicina para o manejo de pacientes adultos após internação hospitalar por exacerbação da DPOC?”.

Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica nos bancos de dados PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science, Scopus, Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde/LILACS e Cochrane Library entre agosto e setembro de 2020 e, posteriormente, em dezembro de 2021. A estratégia de busca foi personalizada para cada banco de dados, e as respectivas palavras-chave, descritores e combinações são apresentadas no Quadro 1.

Quadro 1
Estratégias de busca (palavras-chave, descritores e combinações).

Critérios de avaliação

Os critérios de elegibilidade foram estudos que utilizaram telessaúde/telemedicina, descrevendo detalhadamente as estratégias aplicadas. Os artigos deveriam descrever estratégias de telessaúde/telemedicina prestadas a pacientes adultos após hospitalização por exacerbação da DPOC, estar disponíveis eletronicamente e ter sido publicados em português, inglês ou espanhol até dezembro de 2021. Os critérios de exclusão foram artigos não disponíveis na íntegra, e dissertações, teses, trabalhos de conclusão de curso, textos da internet, editoriais, ensaios teóricos e textos reflexivos.

Seleção e extração de dados

Inicialmente, os estudos foram compilados no programa EndNote, e dois revisores independentes leram os títulos e resumos. Os artigos com texto completo foram revisados utilizando os critérios de seleção. Os revisores compararam suas seleções, e as discordâncias foram discutidas e resolvidas por consenso.

Os dados dos estudos incluídos foram extraídos de forma independente pelos revisores utilizando um formulário estruturado de extração de dados. Os dados registrados foram país de origem, desenho do estudo, profissionais responsáveis pela prestação de telessaúde/telemedicina, objetivos do estudo e resultados.

RESULTADOS

Um total de 1.250 artigos foi selecionado, e 39 artigos foram incluídos nesta revisão. Os motivos de exclusão foram a natureza da publicação, populações diferentes da investigada neste estudo e falta de descrição da intervenção de telessaúde/telemedicina prestada (Figura 1).

Figura 1
Fluxograma do processo de seleção de estudos para inclusão na revisão sistemática e meta-análise em conformidade com o diagrama Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.

Características dos estudos incluídos

Os estudos incluídos consistiram em 21 ensaios clínicos, 14 estudos observacionais, 2 estudos qualitativos e 2 estudos de viabilidade. Os conceitos utilizados foram telessaúde, em 21 estudos; telemonitoramento, em 20; telemedicina, em 17; telecuidado, em 4; teleconsulta, em 5; teleassistência, em 4; telecuidado domiciliar, em 3; telerreabilitação, em 3; telecomunicação, em 2; saúde móvel, em 2; gestão de e-saúde, em 1; e-coach, em 1; teledomicílio, em 1; cuidados de telessaúde, em 1; e tele/videoconsulta, em 1. Os objetivos e resultados de cada estudo estão resumidos no Quadro 2.88 Vitacca M, Montini A, Comini L. How will telemedicine change clinical practice in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2018;12:1753465818754778. 10.1177/1753465818754778
https://doi.org/10.1177/1753465818754778...
,1212 Ratner D, Louria D, Sheffet A, Fain R, Curran J, Saed N, et al. Wealth from Health: an incentive program for disease and population management: a 12-year project. Lippincotts Case Manag. 2001;6(5):184-204. 10.1097/00129234-200109000-00002
https://doi.org/10.1097/00129234-2001090...

13 Vontetsianos T, Giovas P, Katsaras T, Rigopoulou A, Mpirmpa G, Giaboudakis P, et al. Telemedicine-assisted home support for patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: preliminary results after nine-month follow-up. J Telemed Telecare. 2005;11 Suppl 1:86-88. 10.1258/1357633054461697
https://doi.org/10.1258/1357633054461697...

14 Finkelstein SM, Speedie SM, Potthoff S. Home telehealth improves clinical outcomes at lower cost for home healthcare. Telemed J E Health. 2006;12(2):128-136. 10.1089/tmj.2006.12.128
https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2006.12.128...

15 Vitacca M, Assoni G, Pizzocaro P, Guerra A, Marchina L, Scalvini S, et al. A pilot study of nurse-led, home monitoring for patients with chronic respiratory failure and with mechanical ventilation assistance. J Telemed Telecare. 2006;12(7):337-342. 10.1258/135763306778682404
https://doi.org/10.1258/1357633067786824...

16 Trappenburg JC, Niesink A, de Weert-van Oene GH, van der Zeijden H, van Snippenburg R, Peters A, et al. Effects of telemonitoring in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Telemed J E Health. 2008;14(2):138-146. 10.1089/tmj.2007.0037
https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2007.0037...

17 Cardozo L, Steinberg J. Telemedicine for recently discharged older patients. Telemed J E Health. 2010;16(1):49-55. 10.1089/tmj.2009.0058
https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2009.0058...

18 Sorknaes AD, Madsen H, Hallas J, Jest P, Hansen-Nord M. Nurse tele-consultations with discharged COPD patients reduce early readmissions--an interventional study. Clin Respir J. 2011;5(1):26-34. 10.1111/j.1752-699X.2010.00187.x
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-699X.2010...

19 Dinesen B, Haesum LK, Soerensen N, Nielsen C, Grann O, Hejlesen O, et al. Using preventive home monitoring to reduce hospital admission rates and reduce costs: a case study of telehealth among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients [published correction appears in J Telemed Telecare. 2018 Jan;24(1):3]. J Telemed Telecare. 2012;18(4):221-225. 10.1258/jtt.2012.110704
https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.110704...

20 Sorknaes AD, Bech M, Madsen H, Titlestad IL, Hounsgaard L, Hansen-Nord M, et al. The effect of real-time teleconsultations between hospital-based nurses and patients with severe COPD discharged after an exacerbation. J Telemed Telecare. 2013;19(8):466-474. 10.1177/1357633X13512067
https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X13512067...

21 Bentley CL, Mountain GA, Thompson J, Fitzsimmons DA, Lowrie K, Parker SG, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of a Telehealth intervention in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: challenges of clinician-led data collection. Trials. 2014;15:313. 10.1186/1745-6215-15-313
https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-15-313...

22 Segrelles Calvo G, Gómez-Suárez C, Soriano JB, Zamora E, Gónzalez-Gamarra A, González-Béjar M, et al. A home telehealth program for patients with severe COPD: the PROMETE study. Respir Med. 2014;108(3):453-462. 10.1016/j.rmed.2013.12.003
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2013.12.0...

23 Gottlieb M, Marsaa K, Andreassen H, Strømstad G, Godtfredsen N. Feasibility of a telecare solution for patients admitted with COPD exacerbation: screening data from a pulmonary ward in a university hospital. Eur Clin Respir J. 2014;1:10.3402/ecrj.v1.24193. https://doi.org/10.3402/ecrj.v1.24193
https://doi.org/10.3402/ecrj.v1.24193...

24 Saleh S, Larsen JP, Bergsåker-Aspøy J, Grundt H. Re-admissions to hospital and patient satisfaction among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after telemedicine video consultation - a retrospective pilot study. Multidiscip Respir Med. 2014;9(1):6. 10.1186/2049-6958-9-6
https://doi.org/10.1186/2049-6958-9-6...

25 Davis C, Bender M, Smith T, Broad J. Feasibility and Acute Care Utilization Outcomes of a Post-Acute Transitional Telemonitoring Program for Underserved Chronic Disease Patients. Telemed J E Health. 2015;21(9):705-713. 10.1089/tmj.2014.0181
https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2014.0181...

26 Dyrvig AK, Gerke O, Kidholm K, Vondeling H. A cohort study following up on a randomised controlled trial of a telemedicine application in COPD patients. J Telemed Telecare. 2015;21(7):377-384. 10.1177/1357633X15572202
https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X15572202...

27 Mierdel S, Owen K. Telehomecare Reduces ER Use and Hospitalizations at William Osler Health System. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2015;209:102-108. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-505-0-102
https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-505-...

28 Rosenbek Minet L, Hansen LW, Pedersen CD, Titlestad IL, Christensen JK, Kidholm K, et al. Early telemedicine training and counselling after hospitalization in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a feasibility study. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2015;15:3. 10.1186/s12911-014-0124-4
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-014-0124-...

29 Chatwin M, Hawkins G, Panicchia L, Woods A, Hanak A, Lucas R, et al. Randomised crossover trial of telemonitoring in chronic respiratory patients (TeleCRAFT trial). Thorax. 2016;71(4):305-311. 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207045
https://doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-2...

30 Cordova FC, Ciccolella D, Grabianowski C, Gaughan J, Brennan K, Goldstein F, et al. A Telemedicine-Based Intervention Reduces the Frequency and Severity of COPD Exacerbation Symptoms: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Telemed J E Health. 2016;22(2):114-122. 10.1089/tmj.2015.0035
https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2015.0035...

31 Fitzsimmons DA, Thompson J, Bentley CL, Mountain GA. Comparison of patient perceptions of Telehealth-supported and specialist nursing interventions for early stage COPD: a qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2016;16(1):420. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-016-1623-z
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-016-1623-...

32 Ho TW, Huang CT, Chiu HC, Ruan SY, Tsai YJ, Yu CJ, et al. Effectiveness of Telemonitoring in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Taiwan-A Randomized Controlled Trial. Sci Rep. 2016;6:23797.10.1038/srep23797
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep23797...

33 Ritchie CS, Houston TK, Richman JS, Sobko HJ, Berner ES, Taylor BB, et al. The E-Coach technology-assisted care transition system: a pragmatic randomized trial. Transl Behav Med. 2016;6(3):428-437. 10.1007/s13142-016-0422-8
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13142-016-0422-...

34 Vianello A, Fusello M, Gubian L, Rinaldo C, Dario C, Concas A, et al. Home telemonitoring for patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pulm Med. 2016;16(1):157. 10.1186/s12890-016-0321-2
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-016-0321-...

35 Crooks MG, den Brinker A, Hayman Y, Williamson JD, Innes A, Wright CE, et al. Continuous Cough Monitoring Using Ambient Sound Recording During Convalescence from a COPD Exacerbation. Lung. 2017;195(3):289-294. 10.1007/s00408-017-9996-2
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-017-9996-...

36 Kargiannakis M, Fitzsimmons DA, Bentley CL, Mountain GA. Does Telehealth Monitoring Identify Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Reduce Hospitalisations? An Analysis of System Data. JMIR Med Inform. 2017;5(1):e8. 10.2196/medinform.6359
https://doi.org/10.2196/medinform.6359...

37 Scalvini S, Bernocchi P, Zanelli E, Comini L, Vitacca M; Maugeri Centre for Telehealth and Telecare (MCTT). Maugeri Centre for Telehealth and Telecare: A real-life integrated experience in chronic patients. J Telemed Telecare. 2018;24(7):500-507. 10.1177/1357633X17710827
https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X17710827...

38 Barken TL, Thygesen E, Söderhamn U. Unlocking the limitations: Living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and receiving care through telemedicine-A phenomenological study. J Clin Nurs. 2018;27(1-2):132-142. 10.1111/jocn.13857
https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13857...

39 Fors A, Blanck E, Ali L, Ekberg-Jansson A, Fu M, Lindström Kjellberg I, et al. Effects of a person-centred telephone-support in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and/or chronic heart failure - A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2018;13(8):e0203031. 10.1371/journal.pone.0203031
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.020...

40 Soriano JB, García-Río F, Vázquez-Espinosa E, Conforto JI, Hernando-Sanz A, López-Yepes L, et al. A multicentre, randomized controlled trial of telehealth for the management of COPD. Respir Med. 2018;144:74-81. 10.1016/j.rmed.2018.10.008
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2018.10.0...

41 Walker PP, Pompilio PP, Zanaboni P, Bergmo TS, Prikk K, Malinovschi A, et al. elemonitoring in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (CHROMED). A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018;198(5):620-628. 10.1164/rccm.201712-2404OC
https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201712-2404...

42 Bohingamu Mudiyanselage S, Stevens J, Watts JJ, Toscano J, Kotowicz MA, Steinfort CL, et al. Personalised telehealth intervention for chronic disease management: A pilot randomised controlled trial. J Telemed Telecare. 2019;25(6):343-352. 10.1177/1357633X18775850
https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X18775850...

43 Lyth J, Lind L, Persson HL, Wiréhn AB. Can a telemonitoring system lead to decreased hospitalization in elderly patients?. J Telemed Telecare. 2021;27(1):46-53. 10.1177/1357633X19858178
https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X19858178...

44 Arcilla D, Levin D, Sperber M. Transitioning Patients to Independence. Home Healthc Now. 2019;37(3):158-164. 10.1097/NHH.0000000000000741
https://doi.org/10.1097/NHH.000000000000...

45 Bentley CL, Powell L, Potter S, Parker J, Mountain GA, Bartlett YK, et al. The Use of a Smartphone App and an Activity Tracker to Promote Physical Activity in the Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Randomized Controlled Feasibility Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2020;8(6):e16203. 10.2196/16203
https://doi.org/10.2196/16203...

46 Wang L, Guo Y, Wang M, Zhao Y. A mobile health application to support self-management in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2021;35(1):90-101. 10.1177/0269215520946931
https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215520946931...

47 Leonard R, Forte M, Mehta D, Mujahid H, Stansbury R. The impact of a telemedicine intervention on home non-invasive ventilation in a rural population with advanced COPD. Clin Respir J. 2021;15(7):728-734. 10.1111/crj.13354
https://doi.org/10.1111/crj.13354...

48 Marcos PJ, Represas Represas C, Ramos C, Cimadevila Álvarez B, Fernández Villar A, Fraga Liste A, et al. Impact of a Home Telehealth Program After a Hospitalized COPD Exacerbation: A Propensity Score Analysis. Arch Bronconeumol. 2022;58(6):474-481. 10.1016/j.arbres.2020.05.030
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arbres.2020.05...
-4949 Kooij L, Vos PJE, Dijkstra A, van Harten WH. Effectiveness of a Mobile Health and Self-Management App for High-Risk Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Daily Clinical Practice: Mixed Methods Evaluation Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2021;9(2):e21977. 10.2196/21977
https://doi.org/10.2196/21977...

Quadro 2
Visão geral dos estudos selecionados. Revisão de escopo, 2022.

Variação entre os termos utilizados na prestação de cuidados remotos

Os termos mais utilizados para descrever a prestação de cuidados de saúde remotos foram “telessaúde”1313 Vontetsianos T, Giovas P, Katsaras T, Rigopoulou A, Mpirmpa G, Giaboudakis P, et al. Telemedicine-assisted home support for patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: preliminary results after nine-month follow-up. J Telemed Telecare. 2005;11 Suppl 1:86-88. 10.1258/1357633054461697
https://doi.org/10.1258/1357633054461697...
,1717 Cardozo L, Steinberg J. Telemedicine for recently discharged older patients. Telemed J E Health. 2010;16(1):49-55. 10.1089/tmj.2009.0058
https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2009.0058...
,1919 Dinesen B, Haesum LK, Soerensen N, Nielsen C, Grann O, Hejlesen O, et al. Using preventive home monitoring to reduce hospital admission rates and reduce costs: a case study of telehealth among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients [published correction appears in J Telemed Telecare. 2018 Jan;24(1):3]. J Telemed Telecare. 2012;18(4):221-225. 10.1258/jtt.2012.110704
https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.110704...
,2121 Bentley CL, Mountain GA, Thompson J, Fitzsimmons DA, Lowrie K, Parker SG, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of a Telehealth intervention in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: challenges of clinician-led data collection. Trials. 2014;15:313. 10.1186/1745-6215-15-313
https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-15-313...
,2222 Segrelles Calvo G, Gómez-Suárez C, Soriano JB, Zamora E, Gónzalez-Gamarra A, González-Béjar M, et al. A home telehealth program for patients with severe COPD: the PROMETE study. Respir Med. 2014;108(3):453-462. 10.1016/j.rmed.2013.12.003
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2013.12.0...
,2323 Gottlieb M, Marsaa K, Andreassen H, Strømstad G, Godtfredsen N. Feasibility of a telecare solution for patients admitted with COPD exacerbation: screening data from a pulmonary ward in a university hospital. Eur Clin Respir J. 2014;1:10.3402/ecrj.v1.24193. https://doi.org/10.3402/ecrj.v1.24193
https://doi.org/10.3402/ecrj.v1.24193...
,2929 Chatwin M, Hawkins G, Panicchia L, Woods A, Hanak A, Lucas R, et al. Randomised crossover trial of telemonitoring in chronic respiratory patients (TeleCRAFT trial). Thorax. 2016;71(4):305-311. 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207045
https://doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-2...
,3131 Fitzsimmons DA, Thompson J, Bentley CL, Mountain GA. Comparison of patient perceptions of Telehealth-supported and specialist nursing interventions for early stage COPD: a qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2016;16(1):420. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-016-1623-z
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-016-1623-...
,3232 Ho TW, Huang CT, Chiu HC, Ruan SY, Tsai YJ, Yu CJ, et al. Effectiveness of Telemonitoring in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Taiwan-A Randomized Controlled Trial. Sci Rep. 2016;6:23797.10.1038/srep23797
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep23797...
,3333 Ritchie CS, Houston TK, Richman JS, Sobko HJ, Berner ES, Taylor BB, et al. The E-Coach technology-assisted care transition system: a pragmatic randomized trial. Transl Behav Med. 2016;6(3):428-437. 10.1007/s13142-016-0422-8
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13142-016-0422-...
,3434 Vianello A, Fusello M, Gubian L, Rinaldo C, Dario C, Concas A, et al. Home telemonitoring for patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pulm Med. 2016;16(1):157. 10.1186/s12890-016-0321-2
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-016-0321-...
,3636 Kargiannakis M, Fitzsimmons DA, Bentley CL, Mountain GA. Does Telehealth Monitoring Identify Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Reduce Hospitalisations? An Analysis of System Data. JMIR Med Inform. 2017;5(1):e8. 10.2196/medinform.6359
https://doi.org/10.2196/medinform.6359...
,3737 Scalvini S, Bernocchi P, Zanelli E, Comini L, Vitacca M; Maugeri Centre for Telehealth and Telecare (MCTT). Maugeri Centre for Telehealth and Telecare: A real-life integrated experience in chronic patients. J Telemed Telecare. 2018;24(7):500-507. 10.1177/1357633X17710827
https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X17710827...
,3838 Barken TL, Thygesen E, Söderhamn U. Unlocking the limitations: Living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and receiving care through telemedicine-A phenomenological study. J Clin Nurs. 2018;27(1-2):132-142. 10.1111/jocn.13857
https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13857...
,3939 Fors A, Blanck E, Ali L, Ekberg-Jansson A, Fu M, Lindström Kjellberg I, et al. Effects of a person-centred telephone-support in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and/or chronic heart failure - A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2018;13(8):e0203031. 10.1371/journal.pone.0203031
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.020...
,4040 Soriano JB, García-Río F, Vázquez-Espinosa E, Conforto JI, Hernando-Sanz A, López-Yepes L, et al. A multicentre, randomized controlled trial of telehealth for the management of COPD. Respir Med. 2018;144:74-81. 10.1016/j.rmed.2018.10.008
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2018.10.0...
,4242 Bohingamu Mudiyanselage S, Stevens J, Watts JJ, Toscano J, Kotowicz MA, Steinfort CL, et al. Personalised telehealth intervention for chronic disease management: A pilot randomised controlled trial. J Telemed Telecare. 2019;25(6):343-352. 10.1177/1357633X18775850
https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X18775850...
,4343 Lyth J, Lind L, Persson HL, Wiréhn AB. Can a telemonitoring system lead to decreased hospitalization in elderly patients?. J Telemed Telecare. 2021;27(1):46-53. 10.1177/1357633X19858178
https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X19858178...
,4444 Arcilla D, Levin D, Sperber M. Transitioning Patients to Independence. Home Healthc Now. 2019;37(3):158-164. 10.1097/NHH.0000000000000741
https://doi.org/10.1097/NHH.000000000000...
,4646 Wang L, Guo Y, Wang M, Zhao Y. A mobile health application to support self-management in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2021;35(1):90-101. 10.1177/0269215520946931
https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215520946931...
,4848 Marcos PJ, Represas Represas C, Ramos C, Cimadevila Álvarez B, Fernández Villar A, Fraga Liste A, et al. Impact of a Home Telehealth Program After a Hospitalized COPD Exacerbation: A Propensity Score Analysis. Arch Bronconeumol. 2022;58(6):474-481. 10.1016/j.arbres.2020.05.030
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arbres.2020.05...
e “telemonitoramento”.1515 Vitacca M, Assoni G, Pizzocaro P, Guerra A, Marchina L, Scalvini S, et al. A pilot study of nurse-led, home monitoring for patients with chronic respiratory failure and with mechanical ventilation assistance. J Telemed Telecare. 2006;12(7):337-342. 10.1258/135763306778682404
https://doi.org/10.1258/1357633067786824...
,1616 Trappenburg JC, Niesink A, de Weert-van Oene GH, van der Zeijden H, van Snippenburg R, Peters A, et al. Effects of telemonitoring in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Telemed J E Health. 2008;14(2):138-146. 10.1089/tmj.2007.0037
https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2007.0037...
,1818 Sorknaes AD, Madsen H, Hallas J, Jest P, Hansen-Nord M. Nurse tele-consultations with discharged COPD patients reduce early readmissions--an interventional study. Clin Respir J. 2011;5(1):26-34. 10.1111/j.1752-699X.2010.00187.x
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-699X.2010...
,2121 Bentley CL, Mountain GA, Thompson J, Fitzsimmons DA, Lowrie K, Parker SG, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of a Telehealth intervention in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: challenges of clinician-led data collection. Trials. 2014;15:313. 10.1186/1745-6215-15-313
https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-15-313...
,2222 Segrelles Calvo G, Gómez-Suárez C, Soriano JB, Zamora E, Gónzalez-Gamarra A, González-Béjar M, et al. A home telehealth program for patients with severe COPD: the PROMETE study. Respir Med. 2014;108(3):453-462. 10.1016/j.rmed.2013.12.003
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2013.12.0...
,2424 Saleh S, Larsen JP, Bergsåker-Aspøy J, Grundt H. Re-admissions to hospital and patient satisfaction among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after telemedicine video consultation - a retrospective pilot study. Multidiscip Respir Med. 2014;9(1):6. 10.1186/2049-6958-9-6
https://doi.org/10.1186/2049-6958-9-6...
,2525 Davis C, Bender M, Smith T, Broad J. Feasibility and Acute Care Utilization Outcomes of a Post-Acute Transitional Telemonitoring Program for Underserved Chronic Disease Patients. Telemed J E Health. 2015;21(9):705-713. 10.1089/tmj.2014.0181
https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2014.0181...
,2929 Chatwin M, Hawkins G, Panicchia L, Woods A, Hanak A, Lucas R, et al. Randomised crossover trial of telemonitoring in chronic respiratory patients (TeleCRAFT trial). Thorax. 2016;71(4):305-311. 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207045
https://doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-2...
,3030 Cordova FC, Ciccolella D, Grabianowski C, Gaughan J, Brennan K, Goldstein F, et al. A Telemedicine-Based Intervention Reduces the Frequency and Severity of COPD Exacerbation Symptoms: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Telemed J E Health. 2016;22(2):114-122. 10.1089/tmj.2015.0035
https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2015.0035...
,3232 Ho TW, Huang CT, Chiu HC, Ruan SY, Tsai YJ, Yu CJ, et al. Effectiveness of Telemonitoring in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Taiwan-A Randomized Controlled Trial. Sci Rep. 2016;6:23797.10.1038/srep23797
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep23797...
,3333 Ritchie CS, Houston TK, Richman JS, Sobko HJ, Berner ES, Taylor BB, et al. The E-Coach technology-assisted care transition system: a pragmatic randomized trial. Transl Behav Med. 2016;6(3):428-437. 10.1007/s13142-016-0422-8
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13142-016-0422-...
,3434 Vianello A, Fusello M, Gubian L, Rinaldo C, Dario C, Concas A, et al. Home telemonitoring for patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pulm Med. 2016;16(1):157. 10.1186/s12890-016-0321-2
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-016-0321-...
,3535 Crooks MG, den Brinker A, Hayman Y, Williamson JD, Innes A, Wright CE, et al. Continuous Cough Monitoring Using Ambient Sound Recording During Convalescence from a COPD Exacerbation. Lung. 2017;195(3):289-294. 10.1007/s00408-017-9996-2
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-017-9996-...
,3737 Scalvini S, Bernocchi P, Zanelli E, Comini L, Vitacca M; Maugeri Centre for Telehealth and Telecare (MCTT). Maugeri Centre for Telehealth and Telecare: A real-life integrated experience in chronic patients. J Telemed Telecare. 2018;24(7):500-507. 10.1177/1357633X17710827
https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X17710827...
,3838 Barken TL, Thygesen E, Söderhamn U. Unlocking the limitations: Living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and receiving care through telemedicine-A phenomenological study. J Clin Nurs. 2018;27(1-2):132-142. 10.1111/jocn.13857
https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13857...
,4040 Soriano JB, García-Río F, Vázquez-Espinosa E, Conforto JI, Hernando-Sanz A, López-Yepes L, et al. A multicentre, randomized controlled trial of telehealth for the management of COPD. Respir Med. 2018;144:74-81. 10.1016/j.rmed.2018.10.008
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2018.10.0...
,4141 Walker PP, Pompilio PP, Zanaboni P, Bergmo TS, Prikk K, Malinovschi A, et al. elemonitoring in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (CHROMED). A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018;198(5):620-628. 10.1164/rccm.201712-2404OC
https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201712-2404...
,4242 Bohingamu Mudiyanselage S, Stevens J, Watts JJ, Toscano J, Kotowicz MA, Steinfort CL, et al. Personalised telehealth intervention for chronic disease management: A pilot randomised controlled trial. J Telemed Telecare. 2019;25(6):343-352. 10.1177/1357633X18775850
https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X18775850...
,4343 Lyth J, Lind L, Persson HL, Wiréhn AB. Can a telemonitoring system lead to decreased hospitalization in elderly patients?. J Telemed Telecare. 2021;27(1):46-53. 10.1177/1357633X19858178
https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X19858178...
,4848 Marcos PJ, Represas Represas C, Ramos C, Cimadevila Álvarez B, Fernández Villar A, Fraga Liste A, et al. Impact of a Home Telehealth Program After a Hospitalized COPD Exacerbation: A Propensity Score Analysis. Arch Bronconeumol. 2022;58(6):474-481. 10.1016/j.arbres.2020.05.030
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arbres.2020.05...
Os termos “telemedicina”,88 Vitacca M, Montini A, Comini L. How will telemedicine change clinical practice in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2018;12:1753465818754778. 10.1177/1753465818754778
https://doi.org/10.1177/1753465818754778...
,1212 Ratner D, Louria D, Sheffet A, Fain R, Curran J, Saed N, et al. Wealth from Health: an incentive program for disease and population management: a 12-year project. Lippincotts Case Manag. 2001;6(5):184-204. 10.1097/00129234-200109000-00002
https://doi.org/10.1097/00129234-2001090...
,1313 Vontetsianos T, Giovas P, Katsaras T, Rigopoulou A, Mpirmpa G, Giaboudakis P, et al. Telemedicine-assisted home support for patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: preliminary results after nine-month follow-up. J Telemed Telecare. 2005;11 Suppl 1:86-88. 10.1258/1357633054461697
https://doi.org/10.1258/1357633054461697...
,1414 Finkelstein SM, Speedie SM, Potthoff S. Home telehealth improves clinical outcomes at lower cost for home healthcare. Telemed J E Health. 2006;12(2):128-136. 10.1089/tmj.2006.12.128
https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2006.12.128...
,1616 Trappenburg JC, Niesink A, de Weert-van Oene GH, van der Zeijden H, van Snippenburg R, Peters A, et al. Effects of telemonitoring in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Telemed J E Health. 2008;14(2):138-146. 10.1089/tmj.2007.0037
https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2007.0037...
,1717 Cardozo L, Steinberg J. Telemedicine for recently discharged older patients. Telemed J E Health. 2010;16(1):49-55. 10.1089/tmj.2009.0058
https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2009.0058...
,1818 Sorknaes AD, Madsen H, Hallas J, Jest P, Hansen-Nord M. Nurse tele-consultations with discharged COPD patients reduce early readmissions--an interventional study. Clin Respir J. 2011;5(1):26-34. 10.1111/j.1752-699X.2010.00187.x
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-699X.2010...
,2020 Sorknaes AD, Bech M, Madsen H, Titlestad IL, Hounsgaard L, Hansen-Nord M, et al. The effect of real-time teleconsultations between hospital-based nurses and patients with severe COPD discharged after an exacerbation. J Telemed Telecare. 2013;19(8):466-474. 10.1177/1357633X13512067
https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X13512067...
,2323 Gottlieb M, Marsaa K, Andreassen H, Strømstad G, Godtfredsen N. Feasibility of a telecare solution for patients admitted with COPD exacerbation: screening data from a pulmonary ward in a university hospital. Eur Clin Respir J. 2014;1:10.3402/ecrj.v1.24193. https://doi.org/10.3402/ecrj.v1.24193
https://doi.org/10.3402/ecrj.v1.24193...
,2424 Saleh S, Larsen JP, Bergsåker-Aspøy J, Grundt H. Re-admissions to hospital and patient satisfaction among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after telemedicine video consultation - a retrospective pilot study. Multidiscip Respir Med. 2014;9(1):6. 10.1186/2049-6958-9-6
https://doi.org/10.1186/2049-6958-9-6...
,2626 Dyrvig AK, Gerke O, Kidholm K, Vondeling H. A cohort study following up on a randomised controlled trial of a telemedicine application in COPD patients. J Telemed Telecare. 2015;21(7):377-384. 10.1177/1357633X15572202
https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X15572202...
,2828 Rosenbek Minet L, Hansen LW, Pedersen CD, Titlestad IL, Christensen JK, Kidholm K, et al. Early telemedicine training and counselling after hospitalization in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a feasibility study. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2015;15:3. 10.1186/s12911-014-0124-4
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-014-0124-...
,3030 Cordova FC, Ciccolella D, Grabianowski C, Gaughan J, Brennan K, Goldstein F, et al. A Telemedicine-Based Intervention Reduces the Frequency and Severity of COPD Exacerbation Symptoms: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Telemed J E Health. 2016;22(2):114-122. 10.1089/tmj.2015.0035
https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2015.0035...
,3737 Scalvini S, Bernocchi P, Zanelli E, Comini L, Vitacca M; Maugeri Centre for Telehealth and Telecare (MCTT). Maugeri Centre for Telehealth and Telecare: A real-life integrated experience in chronic patients. J Telemed Telecare. 2018;24(7):500-507. 10.1177/1357633X17710827
https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X17710827...
,3838 Barken TL, Thygesen E, Söderhamn U. Unlocking the limitations: Living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and receiving care through telemedicine-A phenomenological study. J Clin Nurs. 2018;27(1-2):132-142. 10.1111/jocn.13857
https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13857...
,4747 Leonard R, Forte M, Mehta D, Mujahid H, Stansbury R. The impact of a telemedicine intervention on home non-invasive ventilation in a rural population with advanced COPD. Clin Respir J. 2021;15(7):728-734. 10.1111/crj.13354
https://doi.org/10.1111/crj.13354...
,4848 Marcos PJ, Represas Represas C, Ramos C, Cimadevila Álvarez B, Fernández Villar A, Fraga Liste A, et al. Impact of a Home Telehealth Program After a Hospitalized COPD Exacerbation: A Propensity Score Analysis. Arch Bronconeumol. 2022;58(6):474-481. 10.1016/j.arbres.2020.05.030
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arbres.2020.05...
“telecuidado”, “teleassistência”, “telecuidado domiciliar”, “teleconsulta” ou “telecomunicação” foram utilizados como termos intercambiáveis. Todos esses conceitos foram utilizados para descrever estratégias que utilizam chamadas telefônicas e/ou de vídeo para coaching, monitoramento de dados e educação em saúde levando à autogestão ou autocuidado. “Telemonitoramento” foi utilizado com os termos “monitoramento domiciliar”, “intervenção de monitoramento” e “sistema de monitoramento” para se referir ao monitoramento de sinais e sintomas para prevenção de exacerbações. O termo “telerreabilitação” foi utilizado especificamente para reabilitação pulmonar.1919 Dinesen B, Haesum LK, Soerensen N, Nielsen C, Grann O, Hejlesen O, et al. Using preventive home monitoring to reduce hospital admission rates and reduce costs: a case study of telehealth among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients [published correction appears in J Telemed Telecare. 2018 Jan;24(1):3]. J Telemed Telecare. 2012;18(4):221-225. 10.1258/jtt.2012.110704
https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.110704...
,2828 Rosenbek Minet L, Hansen LW, Pedersen CD, Titlestad IL, Christensen JK, Kidholm K, et al. Early telemedicine training and counselling after hospitalization in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a feasibility study. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2015;15:3. 10.1186/s12911-014-0124-4
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-014-0124-...
O termo “saúde móvel” (mHealth, do inglês mobile health) referia-se a intervenções médicas ou de saúde prestadas por meio de tecnologia móvel (ex.: smartphones) nos estudos.4545 Bentley CL, Powell L, Potter S, Parker J, Mountain GA, Bartlett YK, et al. The Use of a Smartphone App and an Activity Tracker to Promote Physical Activity in the Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Randomized Controlled Feasibility Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2020;8(6):e16203. 10.2196/16203
https://doi.org/10.2196/16203...
,4949 Kooij L, Vos PJE, Dijkstra A, van Harten WH. Effectiveness of a Mobile Health and Self-Management App for High-Risk Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Daily Clinical Practice: Mixed Methods Evaluation Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2021;9(2):e21977. 10.2196/21977
https://doi.org/10.2196/21977...

Intervenções de cuidado remoto

As intervenções mais comuns foram a educação em saúde para apoiar a melhora da autogestão, a reabilitação e o monitoramento de sinais/sintomas por meio do manejo do tratamento, aconselhamento, motivação e prevenção de exacerbações. Os principais conceitos-chave relacionados às consultas remotas de pacientes com DPOC após a alta concentraram-se na prestação de cuidados domiciliares remotos integrados, com ou sem a utilização de dispositivos de telemetria (Figura 2).

Figura 2
Estratégias de telemonitoramento identificadas nos estudos incluídos, de acordo com as tecnologias utilizadas, frequência e objetivos das intervenções. VNI: ventilação não invasiva.

Profissionais responsáveis pela prestação de cuidados remotos

Os profissionais mais envolvidos na prestação de telessaúde foram os enfermeiros (em 35 estudos), isoladamente ou em conjunto com equipes multidisciplinares (Quadro 2).

Aplicativos remotos e frequência da prestação de cuidados remotos

A maioria dos estudos que descreveram o monitoramento remoto de pacientes com DPOC após a alta hospitalar por exacerbação da DPOC utilizou múltiplas estratégias, diferentes frequências e diferentes aplicativos. Essas estratégias foram organizadas em quatro grupos: chamadas telefônicas, chamadas de vídeo, telemetria (isoladamente ou associada à resposta de voz interativa) e mensagens de texto (Figura 2). No estudo de Wang et al.,4646 Wang L, Guo Y, Wang M, Zhao Y. A mobile health application to support self-management in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2021;35(1):90-101. 10.1177/0269215520946931
https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215520946931...
o paciente, sempre que necessário, utilizou um aplicativo instalado no smartphone (Quadro 2).

Efetividade dos cuidados remotos

O desfecho investigado em 27 artigos foi readmissões hospitalares. Destes, 18 mostraram redução do número de reospitalizações,1212 Ratner D, Louria D, Sheffet A, Fain R, Curran J, Saed N, et al. Wealth from Health: an incentive program for disease and population management: a 12-year project. Lippincotts Case Manag. 2001;6(5):184-204. 10.1097/00129234-200109000-00002
https://doi.org/10.1097/00129234-2001090...
,1313 Vontetsianos T, Giovas P, Katsaras T, Rigopoulou A, Mpirmpa G, Giaboudakis P, et al. Telemedicine-assisted home support for patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: preliminary results after nine-month follow-up. J Telemed Telecare. 2005;11 Suppl 1:86-88. 10.1258/1357633054461697
https://doi.org/10.1258/1357633054461697...
,1616 Trappenburg JC, Niesink A, de Weert-van Oene GH, van der Zeijden H, van Snippenburg R, Peters A, et al. Effects of telemonitoring in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Telemed J E Health. 2008;14(2):138-146. 10.1089/tmj.2007.0037
https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2007.0037...
,1717 Cardozo L, Steinberg J. Telemedicine for recently discharged older patients. Telemed J E Health. 2010;16(1):49-55. 10.1089/tmj.2009.0058
https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2009.0058...
,1818 Sorknaes AD, Madsen H, Hallas J, Jest P, Hansen-Nord M. Nurse tele-consultations with discharged COPD patients reduce early readmissions--an interventional study. Clin Respir J. 2011;5(1):26-34. 10.1111/j.1752-699X.2010.00187.x
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-699X.2010...
,1919 Dinesen B, Haesum LK, Soerensen N, Nielsen C, Grann O, Hejlesen O, et al. Using preventive home monitoring to reduce hospital admission rates and reduce costs: a case study of telehealth among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients [published correction appears in J Telemed Telecare. 2018 Jan;24(1):3]. J Telemed Telecare. 2012;18(4):221-225. 10.1258/jtt.2012.110704
https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.110704...
,2121 Bentley CL, Mountain GA, Thompson J, Fitzsimmons DA, Lowrie K, Parker SG, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of a Telehealth intervention in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: challenges of clinician-led data collection. Trials. 2014;15:313. 10.1186/1745-6215-15-313
https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-15-313...
,2222 Segrelles Calvo G, Gómez-Suárez C, Soriano JB, Zamora E, Gónzalez-Gamarra A, González-Béjar M, et al. A home telehealth program for patients with severe COPD: the PROMETE study. Respir Med. 2014;108(3):453-462. 10.1016/j.rmed.2013.12.003
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2013.12.0...
,2424 Saleh S, Larsen JP, Bergsåker-Aspøy J, Grundt H. Re-admissions to hospital and patient satisfaction among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after telemedicine video consultation - a retrospective pilot study. Multidiscip Respir Med. 2014;9(1):6. 10.1186/2049-6958-9-6
https://doi.org/10.1186/2049-6958-9-6...
,2525 Davis C, Bender M, Smith T, Broad J. Feasibility and Acute Care Utilization Outcomes of a Post-Acute Transitional Telemonitoring Program for Underserved Chronic Disease Patients. Telemed J E Health. 2015;21(9):705-713. 10.1089/tmj.2014.0181
https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2014.0181...
,2727 Mierdel S, Owen K. Telehomecare Reduces ER Use and Hospitalizations at William Osler Health System. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2015;209:102-108. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-505-0-102
https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-505-...
,3232 Ho TW, Huang CT, Chiu HC, Ruan SY, Tsai YJ, Yu CJ, et al. Effectiveness of Telemonitoring in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Taiwan-A Randomized Controlled Trial. Sci Rep. 2016;6:23797.10.1038/srep23797
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep23797...
,3434 Vianello A, Fusello M, Gubian L, Rinaldo C, Dario C, Concas A, et al. Home telemonitoring for patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pulm Med. 2016;16(1):157. 10.1186/s12890-016-0321-2
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-016-0321-...
,3737 Scalvini S, Bernocchi P, Zanelli E, Comini L, Vitacca M; Maugeri Centre for Telehealth and Telecare (MCTT). Maugeri Centre for Telehealth and Telecare: A real-life integrated experience in chronic patients. J Telemed Telecare. 2018;24(7):500-507. 10.1177/1357633X17710827
https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X17710827...
,4343 Lyth J, Lind L, Persson HL, Wiréhn AB. Can a telemonitoring system lead to decreased hospitalization in elderly patients?. J Telemed Telecare. 2021;27(1):46-53. 10.1177/1357633X19858178
https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X19858178...
,4444 Arcilla D, Levin D, Sperber M. Transitioning Patients to Independence. Home Healthc Now. 2019;37(3):158-164. 10.1097/NHH.0000000000000741
https://doi.org/10.1097/NHH.000000000000...
,4848 Marcos PJ, Represas Represas C, Ramos C, Cimadevila Álvarez B, Fernández Villar A, Fraga Liste A, et al. Impact of a Home Telehealth Program After a Hospitalized COPD Exacerbation: A Propensity Score Analysis. Arch Bronconeumol. 2022;58(6):474-481. 10.1016/j.arbres.2020.05.030
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arbres.2020.05...
,4949 Kooij L, Vos PJE, Dijkstra A, van Harten WH. Effectiveness of a Mobile Health and Self-Management App for High-Risk Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Daily Clinical Practice: Mixed Methods Evaluation Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2021;9(2):e21977. 10.2196/21977
https://doi.org/10.2196/21977...
embora nenhuma diferença significativa no número de reospitalizações tenha sido encontrada nos 13 estudos que utilizaram estratégias de telessaúde/telemedicina.2020 Sorknaes AD, Bech M, Madsen H, Titlestad IL, Hounsgaard L, Hansen-Nord M, et al. The effect of real-time teleconsultations between hospital-based nurses and patients with severe COPD discharged after an exacerbation. J Telemed Telecare. 2013;19(8):466-474. 10.1177/1357633X13512067
https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X13512067...
,2323 Gottlieb M, Marsaa K, Andreassen H, Strømstad G, Godtfredsen N. Feasibility of a telecare solution for patients admitted with COPD exacerbation: screening data from a pulmonary ward in a university hospital. Eur Clin Respir J. 2014;1:10.3402/ecrj.v1.24193. https://doi.org/10.3402/ecrj.v1.24193
https://doi.org/10.3402/ecrj.v1.24193...
,2424 Saleh S, Larsen JP, Bergsåker-Aspøy J, Grundt H. Re-admissions to hospital and patient satisfaction among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after telemedicine video consultation - a retrospective pilot study. Multidiscip Respir Med. 2014;9(1):6. 10.1186/2049-6958-9-6
https://doi.org/10.1186/2049-6958-9-6...
,2929 Chatwin M, Hawkins G, Panicchia L, Woods A, Hanak A, Lucas R, et al. Randomised crossover trial of telemonitoring in chronic respiratory patients (TeleCRAFT trial). Thorax. 2016;71(4):305-311. 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207045
https://doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-2...
,3030 Cordova FC, Ciccolella D, Grabianowski C, Gaughan J, Brennan K, Goldstein F, et al. A Telemedicine-Based Intervention Reduces the Frequency and Severity of COPD Exacerbation Symptoms: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Telemed J E Health. 2016;22(2):114-122. 10.1089/tmj.2015.0035
https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2015.0035...
,3333 Ritchie CS, Houston TK, Richman JS, Sobko HJ, Berner ES, Taylor BB, et al. The E-Coach technology-assisted care transition system: a pragmatic randomized trial. Transl Behav Med. 2016;6(3):428-437. 10.1007/s13142-016-0422-8
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13142-016-0422-...
,3434 Vianello A, Fusello M, Gubian L, Rinaldo C, Dario C, Concas A, et al. Home telemonitoring for patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pulm Med. 2016;16(1):157. 10.1186/s12890-016-0321-2
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-016-0321-...
,3636 Kargiannakis M, Fitzsimmons DA, Bentley CL, Mountain GA. Does Telehealth Monitoring Identify Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Reduce Hospitalisations? An Analysis of System Data. JMIR Med Inform. 2017;5(1):e8. 10.2196/medinform.6359
https://doi.org/10.2196/medinform.6359...
,3939 Fors A, Blanck E, Ali L, Ekberg-Jansson A, Fu M, Lindström Kjellberg I, et al. Effects of a person-centred telephone-support in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and/or chronic heart failure - A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2018;13(8):e0203031. 10.1371/journal.pone.0203031
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.020...
,4040 Soriano JB, García-Río F, Vázquez-Espinosa E, Conforto JI, Hernando-Sanz A, López-Yepes L, et al. A multicentre, randomized controlled trial of telehealth for the management of COPD. Respir Med. 2018;144:74-81. 10.1016/j.rmed.2018.10.008
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2018.10.0...
,4141 Walker PP, Pompilio PP, Zanaboni P, Bergmo TS, Prikk K, Malinovschi A, et al. elemonitoring in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (CHROMED). A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018;198(5):620-628. 10.1164/rccm.201712-2404OC
https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201712-2404...
,4242 Bohingamu Mudiyanselage S, Stevens J, Watts JJ, Toscano J, Kotowicz MA, Steinfort CL, et al. Personalised telehealth intervention for chronic disease management: A pilot randomised controlled trial. J Telemed Telecare. 2019;25(6):343-352. 10.1177/1357633X18775850
https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X18775850...
,4747 Leonard R, Forte M, Mehta D, Mujahid H, Stansbury R. The impact of a telemedicine intervention on home non-invasive ventilation in a rural population with advanced COPD. Clin Respir J. 2021;15(7):728-734. 10.1111/crj.13354
https://doi.org/10.1111/crj.13354...
A qualidade de vida foi um desfecho investigado em 13 estudos, 9 dos quais mostraram resultados favoráveis com a utilização de telessaúde/telemedicina.1212 Ratner D, Louria D, Sheffet A, Fain R, Curran J, Saed N, et al. Wealth from Health: an incentive program for disease and population management: a 12-year project. Lippincotts Case Manag. 2001;6(5):184-204. 10.1097/00129234-200109000-00002
https://doi.org/10.1097/00129234-2001090...
,1313 Vontetsianos T, Giovas P, Katsaras T, Rigopoulou A, Mpirmpa G, Giaboudakis P, et al. Telemedicine-assisted home support for patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: preliminary results after nine-month follow-up. J Telemed Telecare. 2005;11 Suppl 1:86-88. 10.1258/1357633054461697
https://doi.org/10.1258/1357633054461697...
,1717 Cardozo L, Steinberg J. Telemedicine for recently discharged older patients. Telemed J E Health. 2010;16(1):49-55. 10.1089/tmj.2009.0058
https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2009.0058...
,2121 Bentley CL, Mountain GA, Thompson J, Fitzsimmons DA, Lowrie K, Parker SG, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of a Telehealth intervention in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: challenges of clinician-led data collection. Trials. 2014;15:313. 10.1186/1745-6215-15-313
https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-15-313...
,3737 Scalvini S, Bernocchi P, Zanelli E, Comini L, Vitacca M; Maugeri Centre for Telehealth and Telecare (MCTT). Maugeri Centre for Telehealth and Telecare: A real-life integrated experience in chronic patients. J Telemed Telecare. 2018;24(7):500-507. 10.1177/1357633X17710827
https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X17710827...
,3838 Barken TL, Thygesen E, Söderhamn U. Unlocking the limitations: Living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and receiving care through telemedicine-A phenomenological study. J Clin Nurs. 2018;27(1-2):132-142. 10.1111/jocn.13857
https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13857...
,3939 Fors A, Blanck E, Ali L, Ekberg-Jansson A, Fu M, Lindström Kjellberg I, et al. Effects of a person-centred telephone-support in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and/or chronic heart failure - A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2018;13(8):e0203031. 10.1371/journal.pone.0203031
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.020...
,4242 Bohingamu Mudiyanselage S, Stevens J, Watts JJ, Toscano J, Kotowicz MA, Steinfort CL, et al. Personalised telehealth intervention for chronic disease management: A pilot randomised controlled trial. J Telemed Telecare. 2019;25(6):343-352. 10.1177/1357633X18775850
https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X18775850...
,4646 Wang L, Guo Y, Wang M, Zhao Y. A mobile health application to support self-management in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2021;35(1):90-101. 10.1177/0269215520946931
https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215520946931...
Além disso, foi apontado que fatores associados à instrução em saúde afetam positivamente a saúde de pacientes com DPOC.1313 Vontetsianos T, Giovas P, Katsaras T, Rigopoulou A, Mpirmpa G, Giaboudakis P, et al. Telemedicine-assisted home support for patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: preliminary results after nine-month follow-up. J Telemed Telecare. 2005;11 Suppl 1:86-88. 10.1258/1357633054461697
https://doi.org/10.1258/1357633054461697...
,1717 Cardozo L, Steinberg J. Telemedicine for recently discharged older patients. Telemed J E Health. 2010;16(1):49-55. 10.1089/tmj.2009.0058
https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2009.0058...
,4242 Bohingamu Mudiyanselage S, Stevens J, Watts JJ, Toscano J, Kotowicz MA, Steinfort CL, et al. Personalised telehealth intervention for chronic disease management: A pilot randomised controlled trial. J Telemed Telecare. 2019;25(6):343-352. 10.1177/1357633X18775850
https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X18775850...
A viabilidade do monitoramento domiciliar para autogestão foi relatada em 2 estudos (Quadro 2).1515 Vitacca M, Assoni G, Pizzocaro P, Guerra A, Marchina L, Scalvini S, et al. A pilot study of nurse-led, home monitoring for patients with chronic respiratory failure and with mechanical ventilation assistance. J Telemed Telecare. 2006;12(7):337-342. 10.1258/135763306778682404
https://doi.org/10.1258/1357633067786824...
,4545 Bentley CL, Powell L, Potter S, Parker J, Mountain GA, Bartlett YK, et al. The Use of a Smartphone App and an Activity Tracker to Promote Physical Activity in the Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Randomized Controlled Feasibility Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2020;8(6):e16203. 10.2196/16203
https://doi.org/10.2196/16203...

DISCUSSÃO

Os principais achados desta revisão de escopo foram os seguintes: i) a grande maioria das estratégias demonstrou um efeito positivo na melhora dos cuidados de saúde e qualidade de vida dos pacientes após hospitalização por DPOC; ii) o cuidado remoto envolveu uma extensa variedade de práticas de serviços de saúde para diferentes fins, como troca de informações, tratamento e prevenção de exacerbações; iii) a maioria dos estudos utilizou duas ou mais estratégias, sendo as mais comuns as ligações telefônicas e dispositivos com ou sem telemetria; e iv) um número substancial de termos descreveu a utilização do cuidado remoto, sendo que os termos mais comuns foram telessaúde, telemonitoramento e telemedicina.

Observou-se que a telessaúde/telemedicina foi efetiva para detecção precoce e intervenção proativa em pacientes em domicílio após uma exacerbação aguda da DPOC. Parece provável que a adoção da telessaúde/telemedicina na prática clínica diária possa melhorar substancialmente o cuidado de pacientes crônicos.1313 Vontetsianos T, Giovas P, Katsaras T, Rigopoulou A, Mpirmpa G, Giaboudakis P, et al. Telemedicine-assisted home support for patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: preliminary results after nine-month follow-up. J Telemed Telecare. 2005;11 Suppl 1:86-88. 10.1258/1357633054461697
https://doi.org/10.1258/1357633054461697...
A telessaúde/telemedicina é um tipo de intervenção remota que envolve a prestação de cuidados por meio de diversas modalidades de comunicação, visando conectar pacientes a um profissional de saúde e trocar informações para apoiar programas de autogestão, o que tem se mostrado efetivo na melhora da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde e do comportamento de autogestão de pacientes com DPOC.4646 Wang L, Guo Y, Wang M, Zhao Y. A mobile health application to support self-management in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2021;35(1):90-101. 10.1177/0269215520946931
https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215520946931...
Para pacientes com DPOC, a utilização de telessaúde/telemedicina pode oferecer uma oportunidade de melhorar o manejo da doença e o acesso a programas de reabilitação pulmonar.22 World Health Organization [homepage on the Internet]. Geneva: WHO; [cited 2020 Apr 4]. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-(copd)
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheet...
,88 Vitacca M, Montini A, Comini L. How will telemedicine change clinical practice in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2018;12:1753465818754778. 10.1177/1753465818754778
https://doi.org/10.1177/1753465818754778...
,1212 Ratner D, Louria D, Sheffet A, Fain R, Curran J, Saed N, et al. Wealth from Health: an incentive program for disease and population management: a 12-year project. Lippincotts Case Manag. 2001;6(5):184-204. 10.1097/00129234-200109000-00002
https://doi.org/10.1097/00129234-2001090...
,1717 Cardozo L, Steinberg J. Telemedicine for recently discharged older patients. Telemed J E Health. 2010;16(1):49-55. 10.1089/tmj.2009.0058
https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2009.0058...
,2626 Dyrvig AK, Gerke O, Kidholm K, Vondeling H. A cohort study following up on a randomised controlled trial of a telemedicine application in COPD patients. J Telemed Telecare. 2015;21(7):377-384. 10.1177/1357633X15572202
https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X15572202...
,4545 Bentley CL, Powell L, Potter S, Parker J, Mountain GA, Bartlett YK, et al. The Use of a Smartphone App and an Activity Tracker to Promote Physical Activity in the Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Randomized Controlled Feasibility Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2020;8(6):e16203. 10.2196/16203
https://doi.org/10.2196/16203...

Para melhorar a efetividade do telemonitoramento na DPOC, os parâmetros precisam ser bem definidos, facilmente disponíveis e associados à sintomatologia da DPOC.4040 Soriano JB, García-Río F, Vázquez-Espinosa E, Conforto JI, Hernando-Sanz A, López-Yepes L, et al. A multicentre, randomized controlled trial of telehealth for the management of COPD. Respir Med. 2018;144:74-81. 10.1016/j.rmed.2018.10.008
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2018.10.0...
Portanto, é essencial identificar os públicos-alvo em que a telessaúde é aceita e identificar intervenções viáveis.5050 Sood S, Mbarika V, Jugoo S, Dookhy R, Doarn CR, Prakash N, et al. What is telemedicine? A collection of 104 peer-reviewed perspectives and theoretical underpinnings. Telemed J E Health. 2007;13(5):573-590. 10.1089/tmj.2006.0073
https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2006.0073...
A definição dos parâmetros, bem como a identificação do público-alvo e o conhecimento sobre esse público, levam à satisfação do paciente e do médico e, consequentemente, à efetividade das estratégias de telemonitoramento propostas.88 Vitacca M, Montini A, Comini L. How will telemedicine change clinical practice in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2018;12:1753465818754778. 10.1177/1753465818754778
https://doi.org/10.1177/1753465818754778...
,4040 Soriano JB, García-Río F, Vázquez-Espinosa E, Conforto JI, Hernando-Sanz A, López-Yepes L, et al. A multicentre, randomized controlled trial of telehealth for the management of COPD. Respir Med. 2018;144:74-81. 10.1016/j.rmed.2018.10.008
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2018.10.0...

É importante destacar que o telemonitoramento pode ser realizado e analisado com ou sem telemetria. Um sistema de telemetria permite o monitoramento de parâmetros fisiológicos com o uso de sistemas de dispositivos vestíveis inteligentes para monitorar a saúde. Um sistema de dispositivo vestível inteligente pode incluir uma ampla variedade de dispositivos vestíveis ou implantáveis, como sensores, atuadores, tecidos inteligentes, fontes de alimentação e redes de comunicação sem fio.5151 Chan M, Estève D, Fourniols JY, Escriba C, Campo E. Smart wearable systems: current status and future challenges. Artif Intell Med. 2012;56(3):137-156. 10.1016/j.artmed.2012.09.003
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artmed.2012.09...

Os dados transmitidos pelos aparelhos eram, em geral, medidas fisiológicas (sinais vitais, SpO2, parâmetros de função pulmonar, temperatura e peso) e sintomas relatados, como falta de ar; aspecto, quantidade e cor do escarro; sibilância; e tosse. Nesse sentido, a telemedicina tem o potencial de melhorar a detecção da real deterioração do estado clínico.4444 Arcilla D, Levin D, Sperber M. Transitioning Patients to Independence. Home Healthc Now. 2019;37(3):158-164. 10.1097/NHH.0000000000000741
https://doi.org/10.1097/NHH.000000000000...

Entre os termos identificados para se referir ao cuidado remoto, telessaúde foi utilizado para tecnologias eletrônicas que transmitem ou recebem dados.5252 Selzler AM, Wald J, Sedeno M, Jourdain T, Janaudis-Ferreira T, Goldstein R, et al. Telehealth pulmonary rehabilitation: A review of the literature and an example of a nationwide initiative to improve the accessibility of pulmonary rehabilitation. Chron Respir Dis. 2018;15(1):41-47. 10.1177/1479972317724570
https://doi.org/10.1177/1479972317724570...
A telemedicina pode ser efetiva para detectar o agravamento do quadro clínico e reduzir a morbimortalidade e os custos de saúde associados às exacerbações.5353 Ambrosino N, Vagheggini G, Mazzoleni S, Vitacca M. Telemedicine in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Breathe (Sheff). 2016;12(4):350-356. 10.1183/20734735.014616
https://doi.org/10.1183/20734735.014616...

54 Al Rajeh A, Steiner MC, Aldabayan Y, Aldhahir A, Pickett E, Quaderi S, et al. Use, utility and methods of telehealth for patients with COPD in England and Wales: a healthcare provider survey. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2019;6(1):e000345. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2018-000345
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2018-000...
-5555 Farias R, Sedeno M, Beaucage D, Drouin I, Ouellet I, Joubert A, et al. Innovating the treatment of COPD exacerbations: a phone interactive telesystem to increase COPD Action Plan adherence. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2019;6(1):e000379. 10.1136/bmjresp-2018-000379
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2018-000...

Telessaúde é um termo utilizado de forma intercambiável com telemedicina. A telemedicina utiliza redes de e-saúde para prestar serviços de saúde e educação em saúde à distância.5656 Talboom-Kamp EPWA, Holstege MS, Chavannes NH, Kasteleyn MJ. Effects of use of an eHealth platform e-Vita for COPD patients on disease specific quality of life domains. Respir Res. 2019;20(1):146. 10.1186/s12931-019-1110-2
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-019-1110-...
O termo e-saúde refere-se a uma plataforma eletrônica de autogestão projetada para apoiar os pacientes a melhorar a autogestão de exacerbações em estágio inicial.4747 Leonard R, Forte M, Mehta D, Mujahid H, Stansbury R. The impact of a telemedicine intervention on home non-invasive ventilation in a rural population with advanced COPD. Clin Respir J. 2021;15(7):728-734. 10.1111/crj.13354
https://doi.org/10.1111/crj.13354...
A tele-educação utiliza plataformas eletrônicas para fornecer informações e serviços relacionados ao manejo das condições do paciente.5252 Selzler AM, Wald J, Sedeno M, Jourdain T, Janaudis-Ferreira T, Goldstein R, et al. Telehealth pulmonary rehabilitation: A review of the literature and an example of a nationwide initiative to improve the accessibility of pulmonary rehabilitation. Chron Respir Dis. 2018;15(1):41-47. 10.1177/1479972317724570
https://doi.org/10.1177/1479972317724570...
A intervenção educacional por meio da telessaúde/telemedicina é caracterizada por intervenções para alcançar um estilo de vida saudável por meio da prática de atividades físicas, uso correto de medicamentos, cessação do tabagismo e controle emocional, bem como para melhorar a autogestão do paciente.66 World Health Organization. Telemedicine: opportunities and developments in Member States: report on the second global survey on eHealth. Global Observatory for eHealth series. Geneva: WHO; 2010. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44497/9789241564144_eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y,1414 Finkelstein SM, Speedie SM, Potthoff S. Home telehealth improves clinical outcomes at lower cost for home healthcare. Telemed J E Health. 2006;12(2):128-136. 10.1089/tmj.2006.12.128
https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2006.12.128...
,2525 Davis C, Bender M, Smith T, Broad J. Feasibility and Acute Care Utilization Outcomes of a Post-Acute Transitional Telemonitoring Program for Underserved Chronic Disease Patients. Telemed J E Health. 2015;21(9):705-713. 10.1089/tmj.2014.0181
https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2014.0181...
,2626 Dyrvig AK, Gerke O, Kidholm K, Vondeling H. A cohort study following up on a randomised controlled trial of a telemedicine application in COPD patients. J Telemed Telecare. 2015;21(7):377-384. 10.1177/1357633X15572202
https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X15572202...
,2828 Rosenbek Minet L, Hansen LW, Pedersen CD, Titlestad IL, Christensen JK, Kidholm K, et al. Early telemedicine training and counselling after hospitalization in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a feasibility study. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2015;15:3. 10.1186/s12911-014-0124-4
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-014-0124-...
,3434 Vianello A, Fusello M, Gubian L, Rinaldo C, Dario C, Concas A, et al. Home telemonitoring for patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pulm Med. 2016;16(1):157. 10.1186/s12890-016-0321-2
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-016-0321-...
A telessaúde/telemedicina mostrou efeitos positivos em pacientes com DPOC após hospitalização por exacerbação, desempenhando um papel central na autogestão. Os benefícios intangíveis do programa incluem a melhora da qualidade de vida e das taxas de hospitalização.4444 Arcilla D, Levin D, Sperber M. Transitioning Patients to Independence. Home Healthc Now. 2019;37(3):158-164. 10.1097/NHH.0000000000000741
https://doi.org/10.1097/NHH.000000000000...
Esses resultados positivos reforçam a importância da orientação e da utilização de materiais e métodos educativos para subsidiar a intervenção por telefone. A teleconsulta pode ser utilizada para alterar ou ajustar a terapia farmacológica, encaminhar o paciente a um serviço de emergência ou até mesmo identificar a necessidade de uma consulta domiciliar presencial.5050 Sood S, Mbarika V, Jugoo S, Dookhy R, Doarn CR, Prakash N, et al. What is telemedicine? A collection of 104 peer-reviewed perspectives and theoretical underpinnings. Telemed J E Health. 2007;13(5):573-590. 10.1089/tmj.2006.0073
https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2006.0073...

A teleconsulta, em que o atendimento é feito por videoconferência e webcams que conectam o profissional de saúde ao paciente, permite avaliar, diagnosticar ou tratar os pacientes remotamente, além de monitorar os exercícios e a capacidade funcional na reabilitação pulmonar.5252 Selzler AM, Wald J, Sedeno M, Jourdain T, Janaudis-Ferreira T, Goldstein R, et al. Telehealth pulmonary rehabilitation: A review of the literature and an example of a nationwide initiative to improve the accessibility of pulmonary rehabilitation. Chron Respir Dis. 2018;15(1):41-47. 10.1177/1479972317724570
https://doi.org/10.1177/1479972317724570...
As consultas de telemedicina são combinadas dia a dia entre o paciente e o enfermeiro de telemedicina. O enfermeiro pode aconselhar o paciente a consultar um clínico geral ou a entrar em contato com um enfermeiro de cuidados domiciliares.1818 Sorknaes AD, Madsen H, Hallas J, Jest P, Hansen-Nord M. Nurse tele-consultations with discharged COPD patients reduce early readmissions--an interventional study. Clin Respir J. 2011;5(1):26-34. 10.1111/j.1752-699X.2010.00187.x
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-699X.2010...
A consulta de telemedicina com enfermeiro parece prevenir a readmissão precoce e está associada à alta satisfação do paciente e do enfermeiro.1818 Sorknaes AD, Madsen H, Hallas J, Jest P, Hansen-Nord M. Nurse tele-consultations with discharged COPD patients reduce early readmissions--an interventional study. Clin Respir J. 2011;5(1):26-34. 10.1111/j.1752-699X.2010.00187.x
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-699X.2010...

A telerreabilitação por teleconsulta tem grande potencial para reduzir a utilização de serviços de saúde, combinando treinamento físico domiciliar, monitoramento remoto, educação em saúde e promoção da autogestão.5151 Chan M, Estève D, Fourniols JY, Escriba C, Campo E. Smart wearable systems: current status and future challenges. Artif Intell Med. 2012;56(3):137-156. 10.1016/j.artmed.2012.09.003
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artmed.2012.09...
Os programas de telerreabilitação parecem ser tão efetivos quanto às sessões presenciais, o que estimula sua utilização, pois podem resolver a necessidade de aumentar o acesso aos cuidados de saúde.5353 Ambrosino N, Vagheggini G, Mazzoleni S, Vitacca M. Telemedicine in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Breathe (Sheff). 2016;12(4):350-356. 10.1183/20734735.014616
https://doi.org/10.1183/20734735.014616...
O estudo de Rosenbek Minet et al.2828 Rosenbek Minet L, Hansen LW, Pedersen CD, Titlestad IL, Christensen JK, Kidholm K, et al. Early telemedicine training and counselling after hospitalization in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a feasibility study. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2015;15:3. 10.1186/s12911-014-0124-4
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-014-0124-...
mostrou que o treinamento supervisionado domiciliar e o aconselhamento por videoconferência são seguros e viáveis e que a telemedicina pode ajudar a garantir um acesso mais equitativo ao treinamento supervisionado em pacientes com DPOC grave.

Esta revisão também destaca os programas de transição de cuidados com utilização de tecnologias móveis de saúde para garantia da coordenação segura e continuidade dos cuidados para pacientes com diferentes necessidades de saúde.2222 Segrelles Calvo G, Gómez-Suárez C, Soriano JB, Zamora E, Gónzalez-Gamarra A, González-Béjar M, et al. A home telehealth program for patients with severe COPD: the PROMETE study. Respir Med. 2014;108(3):453-462. 10.1016/j.rmed.2013.12.003
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2013.12.0...
,3434 Vianello A, Fusello M, Gubian L, Rinaldo C, Dario C, Concas A, et al. Home telemonitoring for patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pulm Med. 2016;16(1):157. 10.1186/s12890-016-0321-2
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-016-0321-...
A transição de cuidados é um dos pilares para a integração dos sistemas de saúde, reduzindo as hospitalizações, readmissões e custos dos serviços de saúde, e melhora a qualidade de vida dos pacientes e seus familiares.5757 Zanaboni P, Dinesen B, Hjalmarsen A, Hoaas H, Holland AE, Oliveira CC, et al. Long-term integrated telerehabilitation of COPD Patients: a multicentre randomised controlled trial (iTrain). BMC Pulm Med. 2016;16(1):126. 10.1186/s12890-016-0288-z
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-016-0288-...
Ainda, intervenções capazes de detectar e intervir precocemente nos sinais de exacerbação podem minimizar a necessidade de hospitalizações de emergência.5252 Selzler AM, Wald J, Sedeno M, Jourdain T, Janaudis-Ferreira T, Goldstein R, et al. Telehealth pulmonary rehabilitation: A review of the literature and an example of a nationwide initiative to improve the accessibility of pulmonary rehabilitation. Chron Respir Dis. 2018;15(1):41-47. 10.1177/1479972317724570
https://doi.org/10.1177/1479972317724570...
A combinação de várias estratégias apresenta melhores resultados. Além disso, a integração de chamadas telefônicas interativas pode resultar em maiores taxas de adesão aos planos de cuidados entre pacientes com exacerbação.5454 Al Rajeh A, Steiner MC, Aldabayan Y, Aldhahir A, Pickett E, Quaderi S, et al. Use, utility and methods of telehealth for patients with COPD in England and Wales: a healthcare provider survey. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2019;6(1):e000345. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2018-000345
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2018-000...
Intervenções de telessaúde/telemedicina devem considerar fatores individuais que afetam a usabilidade, a aceitabilidade e a eficácia da intervenção.4545 Bentley CL, Powell L, Potter S, Parker J, Mountain GA, Bartlett YK, et al. The Use of a Smartphone App and an Activity Tracker to Promote Physical Activity in the Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Randomized Controlled Feasibility Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2020;8(6):e16203. 10.2196/16203
https://doi.org/10.2196/16203...

As limitações da presente revisão estão relacionadas aos idiomas em que os estudos foram publicados, pois limitamos a pesquisa àqueles publicados em inglês, português ou espanhol. Além disso, o fato de todos os estudos incluídos terem sido realizados em países desenvolvidos pode não refletir a realidade de países menos desenvolvidos.

CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS

As estratégias de telessaúde/telemedicina buscam acompanhar e incentivar os pacientes com DPOC a autogerenciar a doença por meio da identificação de sinais e sintomas que podem levar a uma exacerbação.

Esta revisão demonstrou que há um crescente corpo de evidências mostrando que a telessaúde/telemedicina e o telemonitoramento podem ser uma estratégia interessante para beneficiar pacientes com DPOC após a alta hospitalar por exacerbação, por meio da melhora da qualidade de vida e da redução das reospitalizações, admissões em serviços de emergência, tempo de internação hospitalar e custos de cuidados de saúde.

Os termos para descrever a telessaúde/telemedicina foram variados e, por vezes, específicos para diferentes situações. Os objetivos, a frequência de utilização e as estratégias adotadas também foram variados. Apesar das diferenças, a grande maioria dos estudos mostrou que a telessaúde/telemedicina foi benéfica com relação a readmissões, qualidade de vida, instrução em saúde e custos. O escopo deste estudo está resumido na Figura 3.

Figura 3
Mapeamento da telessaúde.

REFERENCES

  • 1
    Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease [homepage on the Internet]. Bethesda: GOLD [cited 2020 Apr 4]. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2020 report. [Adobe Acrobat document, 141p.] Available from: https://goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/GOLD-2020-FINAL-ver1.2-03Dec19_WMV.pdf
    » https://goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/GOLD-2020-FINAL-ver1.2-03Dec19_WMV.pdf
  • 2
    World Health Organization [homepage on the Internet]. Geneva: WHO; [cited 2020 Apr 4]. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-(copd)
    » https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-(copd)
  • 3
    Viniol C, Vogelmeier CF. Exacerbations of COPD. Eur Respir Rev. 2018;27(147):170103. https://doi.org/ https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0103-2017
    » https://doi.org/ https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0103-2017
  • 4
    Ding H, Fatehi F, Maiorana A, Bashi N, Hu W, Edwards I. Digital health for COPD care: the current state of play. J Thorac Dis. 2019;11(Suppl 17):S2210-S2220. https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2019.10.17
    » https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2019.10.17
  • 5
    Blakey JD, Bender BG, Dima AL, Weinman J, Safioti G, Costello RW. Digital technologies and adherence in respiratory diseases: the road ahead. Eur Respir J. 2018;52(5):1801147. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01147-2018.
    » https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01147-2018
  • 6
    World Health Organization. Telemedicine: opportunities and developments in Member States: report on the second global survey on eHealth. Global Observatory for eHealth series. Geneva: WHO; 2010. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44497/9789241564144_eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  • 7
    Barbosa MT, Sousa CS, Morais-Almeida M, Simões MJ, Mendes P. Telemedicine in COPD: An Overview by Topics. COPD. 2020;17(5):601-617. https://doi.org/10.1080/15412555.2020.1815182
    » https://doi.org/10.1080/15412555.2020.1815182
  • 8
    Vitacca M, Montini A, Comini L. How will telemedicine change clinical practice in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2018;12:1753465818754778. 10.1177/1753465818754778
    » https://doi.org/10.1177/1753465818754778
  • 9
    Peters MD, Godfrey CM, Khalil H, McInerney P, Parker D, Soares CB. Guidance for conducting systematic scoping reviews. Int J Evid Based Healthc. 2015;13(3):141-146. 10.1097/XEB.0000000000000050
    » https://doi.org/10.1097/XEB.0000000000000050
  • 10
    Peters MDJ, Godfrey C, Mclnerney P, Munn Z, Tricco AC, Khall H. Chapter 11: Scoping reviews. In: Aromataris E, Munn Z, editors. JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. JBI: JBI; 2020. Available from: https://jbi-global-wiki.refined.site/space/MANUAL/4687342/Chapter+11%3A+Scoping+reviews.
  • 11
    Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, O'Brien KK, Colquhoun H, Levac D, et al. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(7):467-473. https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-0850.
    » https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-0850
  • 12
    Ratner D, Louria D, Sheffet A, Fain R, Curran J, Saed N, et al. Wealth from Health: an incentive program for disease and population management: a 12-year project. Lippincotts Case Manag. 2001;6(5):184-204. 10.1097/00129234-200109000-00002
    » https://doi.org/10.1097/00129234-200109000-00002
  • 13
    Vontetsianos T, Giovas P, Katsaras T, Rigopoulou A, Mpirmpa G, Giaboudakis P, et al. Telemedicine-assisted home support for patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: preliminary results after nine-month follow-up. J Telemed Telecare. 2005;11 Suppl 1:86-88. 10.1258/1357633054461697
    » https://doi.org/10.1258/1357633054461697
  • 14
    Finkelstein SM, Speedie SM, Potthoff S. Home telehealth improves clinical outcomes at lower cost for home healthcare. Telemed J E Health. 2006;12(2):128-136. 10.1089/tmj.2006.12.128
    » https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2006.12.128
  • 15
    Vitacca M, Assoni G, Pizzocaro P, Guerra A, Marchina L, Scalvini S, et al. A pilot study of nurse-led, home monitoring for patients with chronic respiratory failure and with mechanical ventilation assistance. J Telemed Telecare. 2006;12(7):337-342. 10.1258/135763306778682404
    » https://doi.org/10.1258/135763306778682404
  • 16
    Trappenburg JC, Niesink A, de Weert-van Oene GH, van der Zeijden H, van Snippenburg R, Peters A, et al. Effects of telemonitoring in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Telemed J E Health. 2008;14(2):138-146. 10.1089/tmj.2007.0037
    » https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2007.0037
  • 17
    Cardozo L, Steinberg J. Telemedicine for recently discharged older patients. Telemed J E Health. 2010;16(1):49-55. 10.1089/tmj.2009.0058
    » https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2009.0058
  • 18
    Sorknaes AD, Madsen H, Hallas J, Jest P, Hansen-Nord M. Nurse tele-consultations with discharged COPD patients reduce early readmissions--an interventional study. Clin Respir J. 2011;5(1):26-34. 10.1111/j.1752-699X.2010.00187.x
    » https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-699X.2010.00187.x
  • 19
    Dinesen B, Haesum LK, Soerensen N, Nielsen C, Grann O, Hejlesen O, et al. Using preventive home monitoring to reduce hospital admission rates and reduce costs: a case study of telehealth among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients [published correction appears in J Telemed Telecare. 2018 Jan;24(1):3]. J Telemed Telecare. 2012;18(4):221-225. 10.1258/jtt.2012.110704
    » https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.110704
  • 20
    Sorknaes AD, Bech M, Madsen H, Titlestad IL, Hounsgaard L, Hansen-Nord M, et al. The effect of real-time teleconsultations between hospital-based nurses and patients with severe COPD discharged after an exacerbation. J Telemed Telecare. 2013;19(8):466-474. 10.1177/1357633X13512067
    » https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X13512067
  • 21
    Bentley CL, Mountain GA, Thompson J, Fitzsimmons DA, Lowrie K, Parker SG, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of a Telehealth intervention in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: challenges of clinician-led data collection. Trials. 2014;15:313. 10.1186/1745-6215-15-313
    » https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-15-313
  • 22
    Segrelles Calvo G, Gómez-Suárez C, Soriano JB, Zamora E, Gónzalez-Gamarra A, González-Béjar M, et al. A home telehealth program for patients with severe COPD: the PROMETE study. Respir Med. 2014;108(3):453-462. 10.1016/j.rmed.2013.12.003
    » https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2013.12.003
  • 23
    Gottlieb M, Marsaa K, Andreassen H, Strømstad G, Godtfredsen N. Feasibility of a telecare solution for patients admitted with COPD exacerbation: screening data from a pulmonary ward in a university hospital. Eur Clin Respir J. 2014;1:10.3402/ecrj.v1.24193. https://doi.org/10.3402/ecrj.v1.24193
    » https://doi.org/10.3402/ecrj.v1.24193
  • 24
    Saleh S, Larsen JP, Bergsåker-Aspøy J, Grundt H. Re-admissions to hospital and patient satisfaction among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after telemedicine video consultation - a retrospective pilot study. Multidiscip Respir Med. 2014;9(1):6. 10.1186/2049-6958-9-6
    » https://doi.org/10.1186/2049-6958-9-6
  • 25
    Davis C, Bender M, Smith T, Broad J. Feasibility and Acute Care Utilization Outcomes of a Post-Acute Transitional Telemonitoring Program for Underserved Chronic Disease Patients. Telemed J E Health. 2015;21(9):705-713. 10.1089/tmj.2014.0181
    » https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2014.0181
  • 26
    Dyrvig AK, Gerke O, Kidholm K, Vondeling H. A cohort study following up on a randomised controlled trial of a telemedicine application in COPD patients. J Telemed Telecare. 2015;21(7):377-384. 10.1177/1357633X15572202
    » https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X15572202
  • 27
    Mierdel S, Owen K. Telehomecare Reduces ER Use and Hospitalizations at William Osler Health System. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2015;209:102-108. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-505-0-102
    » https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-505-0-102
  • 28
    Rosenbek Minet L, Hansen LW, Pedersen CD, Titlestad IL, Christensen JK, Kidholm K, et al. Early telemedicine training and counselling after hospitalization in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a feasibility study. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2015;15:3. 10.1186/s12911-014-0124-4
    » https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-014-0124-4
  • 29
    Chatwin M, Hawkins G, Panicchia L, Woods A, Hanak A, Lucas R, et al. Randomised crossover trial of telemonitoring in chronic respiratory patients (TeleCRAFT trial). Thorax. 2016;71(4):305-311. 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207045
    » https://doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207045
  • 30
    Cordova FC, Ciccolella D, Grabianowski C, Gaughan J, Brennan K, Goldstein F, et al. A Telemedicine-Based Intervention Reduces the Frequency and Severity of COPD Exacerbation Symptoms: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Telemed J E Health. 2016;22(2):114-122. 10.1089/tmj.2015.0035
    » https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2015.0035
  • 31
    Fitzsimmons DA, Thompson J, Bentley CL, Mountain GA. Comparison of patient perceptions of Telehealth-supported and specialist nursing interventions for early stage COPD: a qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2016;16(1):420. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-016-1623-z
    » https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-016-1623-z
  • 32
    Ho TW, Huang CT, Chiu HC, Ruan SY, Tsai YJ, Yu CJ, et al. Effectiveness of Telemonitoring in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Taiwan-A Randomized Controlled Trial. Sci Rep. 2016;6:23797.10.1038/srep23797
    » https://doi.org/10.1038/srep23797
  • 33
    Ritchie CS, Houston TK, Richman JS, Sobko HJ, Berner ES, Taylor BB, et al. The E-Coach technology-assisted care transition system: a pragmatic randomized trial. Transl Behav Med. 2016;6(3):428-437. 10.1007/s13142-016-0422-8
    » https://doi.org/10.1007/s13142-016-0422-8
  • 34
    Vianello A, Fusello M, Gubian L, Rinaldo C, Dario C, Concas A, et al. Home telemonitoring for patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pulm Med. 2016;16(1):157. 10.1186/s12890-016-0321-2
    » https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-016-0321-2
  • 35
    Crooks MG, den Brinker A, Hayman Y, Williamson JD, Innes A, Wright CE, et al. Continuous Cough Monitoring Using Ambient Sound Recording During Convalescence from a COPD Exacerbation. Lung. 2017;195(3):289-294. 10.1007/s00408-017-9996-2
    » https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-017-9996-2
  • 36
    Kargiannakis M, Fitzsimmons DA, Bentley CL, Mountain GA. Does Telehealth Monitoring Identify Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Reduce Hospitalisations? An Analysis of System Data. JMIR Med Inform. 2017;5(1):e8. 10.2196/medinform.6359
    » https://doi.org/10.2196/medinform.6359
  • 37
    Scalvini S, Bernocchi P, Zanelli E, Comini L, Vitacca M; Maugeri Centre for Telehealth and Telecare (MCTT). Maugeri Centre for Telehealth and Telecare: A real-life integrated experience in chronic patients. J Telemed Telecare. 2018;24(7):500-507. 10.1177/1357633X17710827
    » https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X17710827
  • 38
    Barken TL, Thygesen E, Söderhamn U. Unlocking the limitations: Living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and receiving care through telemedicine-A phenomenological study. J Clin Nurs. 2018;27(1-2):132-142. 10.1111/jocn.13857
    » https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13857
  • 39
    Fors A, Blanck E, Ali L, Ekberg-Jansson A, Fu M, Lindström Kjellberg I, et al. Effects of a person-centred telephone-support in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and/or chronic heart failure - A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2018;13(8):e0203031. 10.1371/journal.pone.0203031
    » https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203031
  • 40
    Soriano JB, García-Río F, Vázquez-Espinosa E, Conforto JI, Hernando-Sanz A, López-Yepes L, et al. A multicentre, randomized controlled trial of telehealth for the management of COPD. Respir Med. 2018;144:74-81. 10.1016/j.rmed.2018.10.008
    » https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2018.10.008
  • 41
    Walker PP, Pompilio PP, Zanaboni P, Bergmo TS, Prikk K, Malinovschi A, et al. elemonitoring in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (CHROMED). A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018;198(5):620-628. 10.1164/rccm.201712-2404OC
    » https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201712-2404OC
  • 42
    Bohingamu Mudiyanselage S, Stevens J, Watts JJ, Toscano J, Kotowicz MA, Steinfort CL, et al. Personalised telehealth intervention for chronic disease management: A pilot randomised controlled trial. J Telemed Telecare. 2019;25(6):343-352. 10.1177/1357633X18775850
    » https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X18775850
  • 43
    Lyth J, Lind L, Persson HL, Wiréhn AB. Can a telemonitoring system lead to decreased hospitalization in elderly patients?. J Telemed Telecare. 2021;27(1):46-53. 10.1177/1357633X19858178
    » https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X19858178
  • 44
    Arcilla D, Levin D, Sperber M. Transitioning Patients to Independence. Home Healthc Now. 2019;37(3):158-164. 10.1097/NHH.0000000000000741
    » https://doi.org/10.1097/NHH.0000000000000741
  • 45
    Bentley CL, Powell L, Potter S, Parker J, Mountain GA, Bartlett YK, et al. The Use of a Smartphone App and an Activity Tracker to Promote Physical Activity in the Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Randomized Controlled Feasibility Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2020;8(6):e16203. 10.2196/16203
    » https://doi.org/10.2196/16203
  • 46
    Wang L, Guo Y, Wang M, Zhao Y. A mobile health application to support self-management in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2021;35(1):90-101. 10.1177/0269215520946931
    » https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215520946931
  • 47
    Leonard R, Forte M, Mehta D, Mujahid H, Stansbury R. The impact of a telemedicine intervention on home non-invasive ventilation in a rural population with advanced COPD. Clin Respir J. 2021;15(7):728-734. 10.1111/crj.13354
    » https://doi.org/10.1111/crj.13354
  • 48
    Marcos PJ, Represas Represas C, Ramos C, Cimadevila Álvarez B, Fernández Villar A, Fraga Liste A, et al. Impact of a Home Telehealth Program After a Hospitalized COPD Exacerbation: A Propensity Score Analysis. Arch Bronconeumol. 2022;58(6):474-481. 10.1016/j.arbres.2020.05.030
    » https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arbres.2020.05.030
  • 49
    Kooij L, Vos PJE, Dijkstra A, van Harten WH. Effectiveness of a Mobile Health and Self-Management App for High-Risk Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Daily Clinical Practice: Mixed Methods Evaluation Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2021;9(2):e21977. 10.2196/21977
    » https://doi.org/10.2196/21977
  • 50
    Sood S, Mbarika V, Jugoo S, Dookhy R, Doarn CR, Prakash N, et al. What is telemedicine? A collection of 104 peer-reviewed perspectives and theoretical underpinnings. Telemed J E Health. 2007;13(5):573-590. 10.1089/tmj.2006.0073
    » https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2006.0073
  • 51
    Chan M, Estève D, Fourniols JY, Escriba C, Campo E. Smart wearable systems: current status and future challenges. Artif Intell Med. 2012;56(3):137-156. 10.1016/j.artmed.2012.09.003
    » https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artmed.2012.09.003
  • 52
    Selzler AM, Wald J, Sedeno M, Jourdain T, Janaudis-Ferreira T, Goldstein R, et al. Telehealth pulmonary rehabilitation: A review of the literature and an example of a nationwide initiative to improve the accessibility of pulmonary rehabilitation. Chron Respir Dis. 2018;15(1):41-47. 10.1177/1479972317724570
    » https://doi.org/10.1177/1479972317724570
  • 53
    Ambrosino N, Vagheggini G, Mazzoleni S, Vitacca M. Telemedicine in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Breathe (Sheff). 2016;12(4):350-356. 10.1183/20734735.014616
    » https://doi.org/10.1183/20734735.014616
  • 54
    Al Rajeh A, Steiner MC, Aldabayan Y, Aldhahir A, Pickett E, Quaderi S, et al. Use, utility and methods of telehealth for patients with COPD in England and Wales: a healthcare provider survey. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2019;6(1):e000345. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2018-000345
    » https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2018-000345
  • 55
    Farias R, Sedeno M, Beaucage D, Drouin I, Ouellet I, Joubert A, et al. Innovating the treatment of COPD exacerbations: a phone interactive telesystem to increase COPD Action Plan adherence. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2019;6(1):e000379. 10.1136/bmjresp-2018-000379
    » https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2018-000379
  • 56
    Talboom-Kamp EPWA, Holstege MS, Chavannes NH, Kasteleyn MJ. Effects of use of an eHealth platform e-Vita for COPD patients on disease specific quality of life domains. Respir Res. 2019;20(1):146. 10.1186/s12931-019-1110-2
    » https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-019-1110-2
  • 57
    Zanaboni P, Dinesen B, Hjalmarsen A, Hoaas H, Holland AE, Oliveira CC, et al. Long-term integrated telerehabilitation of COPD Patients: a multicentre randomised controlled trial (iTrain). BMC Pulm Med. 2016;16(1):126. 10.1186/s12890-016-0288-z
    » https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-016-0288-z
  • Apoio financeiro:

    Este estudo recebeu apoio financeiro do Ministério da Saúde/Fundo Nacional da Saúde (MS/FNS; Termo de Execução Descentralizada de Recursos n. 84/2019).
  • 2
    Trabalho realizado na Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG - Belo Horizonte (MG) Brasil.

Datas de Publicação

  • Publicação nesta coleção
    01 Maio 2023
  • Data do Fascículo
    2023

Histórico

  • Recebido
    24 Fev 2022
  • Aceito
    03 Jan 2023
Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia SCS Quadra 1, Bl. K salas 203/204, 70398-900 - Brasília - DF - Brasil, Fone/Fax: 0800 61 6218 ramal 211, (55 61)3245-1030/6218 ramal 211 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: jbp@sbpt.org.br