INDICADORES ANTROPOMÉTRICOS EM IDOSOS DE DUAS CIDADES DE REGIÕES BRASILEIRAS DISTINTAS

Barbosa, Aline Rodrigues; Marchesan, Moane; Guimarães, Alexsander Vieira; França, Vivian Francielle; Marucci, Maria de Fátima Nunes; Coqueiro, Raildo da Silva; Fernandes, Marcos Henrique

Brasil

Español English

Original Research • MedicalExpress (São Paulo, online) 2 (6) • Dez 2015 • https://doi.org/10.5935/MedicalExpress.2015.06.05 copiar

INDICADORES ANTROPOMÉTRICOS EM IDOSOS DE DUAS CIDADES DE REGIÕES BRASILEIRAS DISTINTAS

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

OBJETIVO:

Comparar os indicadores antropométricos e sua adequação em idosos de residentes de duas cidades de regiões distintas do Brasil.

MÉTODOS:

Estudo transversal, epidemiológico de base domiciliar. Foram examinados 793 indivíduos ( ≥ 60 anos) das regiões sul e nordeste, de acordo com grupos etários (60-69, 70-79 e ≥ 80 anos) e sexo.

Os dados foram apresentados como médias (± DP) ou medianas para massa corporal estatura, dobra cutânea triciptal (DCT), índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência muscular do braço (CMB) e circunferências do braço (CB), cintura (CC) e panturrilha (CP). A adequação dos indicadores antropométricos (prevalência) também foi comparada: CB (≥ 22 cm) CMB (≥ 22,98 cm, homen; ≥ 20,92 cm, mulher), TSF ( ≥ 9,0 mm, homem; ≥ 20 mm, mulher), CP (≤ 31 cm), CC (< 102 cm, homem; < 88 cm, mulher) and IMC (≥ 22,0 and ≤ 27,0 kg/m²).

RESULTADOS:

Os valores médios, de todas as variáveis antropométricas foram significativamente maiores entre os homens e mulheres da região sul (n = 477), comparados aos dos idosos da região nordeste (n = 316). A prevalência de baixo peso (IMC <22,0 kg/m²) foi maior na região nordeste e de excesso de peso (BMI >27,0 kg/m²) na região sul. A região nordeste apresentou maior proporção de idosos com circumferência de cintura adequada. Em relação aos demais indicadores analisados, houve maior proporção de idosos da região sul com adequação nutricional.

CONCLUSÃO:

Os resultados fornecem informações que podem ser usadas na avaliação de idosos de cidades com o mesmo contexto. A vulnerabilidade nutricional está presente nas duas regiões, por deficiência (nordeste) e por excesso (sul).

PALAVRAS-CHAVE:
Envelhecimento; Avaliação Nutricional; Estudos transversais

Parameter	underweight	adequate	overweight Observation	Reference
BMI	< 22 kg/m²	≥ 22 - ≤ 27 kg/m²	> 27 kg/m² SISVAN	7
Parameter	inadequate	adequate	Observation	Reference
TSF (men)	< 9 mm	≥ 9 mm	As per Percentile-25 for Brazilian elderly	18
TSF (women)	< 20 mm	≥ 20 mm	As per Percentile-25 for Brazilian elderly	18
AMC (men)	< 22.98	≥ 22.98 cm	As per Percentile-25 for Brazilian elderly	18
AMC (women)	< 20.92 cm	≥ 20.92 cm	As per Percentile-25 for Brazilian elderly	18
AC	< 22 cm	≥ 22 cm		8
CC	< 31 cm	≥ 31 cm		8
Parameter	Low risk	High risk	Observation	Reference
WC (men)	<102 cm	≥102 cm	Risk of metabolic diseases	19
WC (women)	< 88 cm	≥ 88 cm	Risk of metabolic diseases	19

	Antônio Carlos - SC %	Lafaiete Coutinho - BA %	p ^* * Chi-squared test (χ2)
Sex
Female	56.8	54.9	0.540
Male	43.2	45.1	0.540
Age group (years)
60 - 69	49.5	36.5	< 0.001
70 - 79	35.8	33.7
≥ 80	14.7	29.8
Marital Status
With partner	75.3	56.6	< 0.001
Without partner	24.7	43.4	< 0.001
Current Occupation
Yes	40.7	11.4	< 0.001
No	59.3	88.6	< 0.001
Literacy
Yes	81.8	33.2	< 0.001
No	18.2	66.8	< 0.001
Living arrangements
Alone	13.1	16.5	0.140
With someone	86.9	83.5	0.140
Hunger in the first 15 years
Yes	10.5	25.0	<0.001
No	89.5	75.0	<0.001
Some disease in the first 15 years
Yes	22.9	57.7	<0.001
No	77.1	42.3	<0.001

Anthropometric Variables	Antônio Carlos, SC					Lafaiete Coutinho, BA
	n	Mean	SD	Median	p^* ***** Difference between age groups (Kruskal-Wallis test).	n	Mean	SD	Median	p^* ***** Difference between age groups (Kruskal-Wallis test).
Body Mass (Kg)			< 0.001							0.003
60-69	116	73.8	13.9	72.2		58	58.6	13.4	56.5
70-79	73	68.7	11.9	67.6		57	57.2	9.9	56.0
80 e +	78	61.9	12.0	61.5		53	50.8	11.2	51.0
Total^* * Significant difference (p < 0.05) among the values of the anthropometric variables of the older adults of the two regions (Mann-Whitney test).	267	70.4	13.6	68.9		168	55.7	12.2	55.2
Height (cm)					< 0.001					0.019
60-69	116	156.1	6.0	155.0		58	150.1	6.7	150.8
70-79	74	154.9	5.0	155.0		57	148.6	5.7	148.2
80 e +	78	151.7	6.3	152.0		53	146.9	6.7	146.8
Total^* * Significant difference (p < 0.05) among the values of the anthropometric variables of the older adults of the two regions (Mann-Whitney test).	268	155.1	6.0	154.5		168	148.6	6.5	148.8
Body Mass Index (kg/m²)					< 0.001					0.017
60-69	116	30.1	5.1	29.2		58	26.0	5.4	24.9
70-79	73	28.6	4.6	28.5		57	25.9	4.1	25.4
80 e +	78	26.7	5.0	27.1		53	23.5	5.2	22.9
Total^* * Significant difference (p < 0.05) among the values of the anthropometric variables of the older adults of the two regions (Mann-Whitney test).	267	29.1	5.1	28.5		168	25.2	5.0	24.6
Triceps Skinfold Thickness (mm)					< 0.001					< 0.001
60-69	116	27.3	10.1	27.3		58	23.5	9.2	22.7
70-79	69	24.9	8.1	24.3		57	20.9	6.5	19.8
80 e +	78	22.7	8.6	22.0		52	16.9	8.1	16.2
Total^* * Significant difference (p < 0.05) among the values of the anthropometric variables of the older adults of the two regions (Mann-Whitney test).	263	25.8	9.8	25.3		167	20.6	8.4	19.7
Arm Circumference (cm)					< 0.001					< 0.001
60-69	116	33.3	4.2	33.0		58	29.5	4.5	28.8
70-79	71	31.8	13.9	31.6		57	27.9	3.1	28.0
80 e +	78	28.9	4.0	29.0		53	26.1	4.3	26.0
Total^* * Significant difference (p < 0.05) among the values of the anthropometric variables of the older adults of the two regions (Mann-Whitney test).	265	32.2	4.4	31.7		168	27.9	4.2	27.7
Arm Muscle Circumference (cm)					< 0.001					< 0.015
60-69	116	24.7	2.6	24.5		58	22.1	2.3	22.0
70-79	68	24.3	2.4	24.1		57	21.4	2.1	21.5
80 e +	78	21.8	2.5	21.9		52	20.9	2.4	20.9
Total^ Significant difference (p < 0.05) among the values of the anthropometric variables of the older adults of the two regions (Student t test).	262	24.1	2.8	24.0		167	21.5	2.3	21.5
Waist Circumference (cm)					0.182					0.187
60-69	116	101.9	13.2	102.8		57	93.6	12.7	93.2
70-79	68	101.0	11.7	101.2		55	96.6	12.0	98.6
80 e +	72	99.1	12.8	99.0		50	93.5	12.9	93.8
Total^ Significant difference (p < 0.05) among the values of the anthropometric variables of the older adults of the two regions (Student t test).	256	101.2	12.9	101.6		162	94.8	12.5	94.3
Calf Circumference (cm)					< 0.001					< 0.001
60-69	116	38.9	4.1	38.5		58	33.7	3.2	33.2
70-79	70	37.5	3.4	37.3		57	33.2	2.8	33.1
80 e +	78	35.1	3.9	35.5		53	30.9	3.7	30.9
Total^* * Significant difference (p < 0.05) among the values of the anthropometric variables of the older adults of the two regions (Mann-Whitney test).	264	37.9	4.1	37.5		168	32.6	3.5	32.7

Anthropometric Variables	Antônio Carlos, SC					Lafaiete Coutinho, BA
	n	Mean	SD	Median	p^* ***** Difference between age groups, according to the Kruskal-Wallis test.	n	Mean	SD	Median	p^* ***** Difference between age groups, according to the Kruskal-Wallis test.
Body Mass (kg²)					<0.001					0.013
60-69	79	79.7	14.8	38.0		54	63.4	12.7	60.7
70-79	66	72.5	12.4	71.2		49	64.5	14.3	63.1
80 e +	55	68.9	12.9	66.1		37	56.4	12.4	56.8
Total^* * Significant difference (p < 0.05) among the values of the anthropometric variables of the older adults of the two regions, according to the Mann-Whitney test.	200	75.5	14.7	74.3		140	62.0	13.5	60.0
Height (cm)					0.001					0.064
60-69	79	169.9	5.8	170.0		54	163.5	7.4	161.9
70-79	69	167.5	7.4	168.0		49	161.5	7.9	161.0
80 e +	55	166.5	7.1	166.0		37	159.6	1.8	159.5
Total^* * Significant difference (p < 0.05) among the values of the anthropometric variables of the older adults of the two regions, according to the Mann-Whitney test.	203	168.3	6.8	168.4		140	161.8	7.8	160.7
Body Mass Index (kg/m²)					<0.001					0.030
60-69	78	27.3	3.3	27.5		54	23.7	4.3	23.5
70-79	66	25.8	3.9	25.8		49	24.5	4.1	23.7
80 e +	55	24.5	3.9	24.3		37	22.1	4.1	22.4
Total^ Significant difference (p < 0.05) among the values of the anthropometric variables of the older adults of the two regions, according to the Student t test.	199	26.5	4.6	26.1		140	23.6	4.3	23.4
Triceps Skinfold Thickness (mm)					0.022					0.344
60-69	79	14.6	8.2	14.0		54	11.1	9.8	9.8
70-79	66	15.2	12	12.6		49	12.1	5.0	11.1
80 e +	55	11.6	4.4	11.0		37	10.5	4.3	10.3
Total^* * Significant difference (p < 0.05) among the values of the anthropometric variables of the older adults of the two regions, according to the Mann-Whitney test.	200	14.6	9.9	13.0		140	11.3	5.0	10.4
Arm Circumference (cm)					<0.001					0.002
60-69	78	31.8	3.3	31.6		54	28.1	3.2	27.8
70-79	65	29.9	3.1	30.0		49	28.0	3.4	27.6
80 e +	55	27.5	3.8	27.0		37	25.6	3.5	25.3
Total^ Significant difference (p < 0.05) among the values of the anthropometric variables of the older adults of the two regions, according to the Student t test.	198	30.5	3.7	30.2		140	27.4	3.5	27.2
Arm Muscle Circumference (cm)					<0.001					<0.001
60-69	78	27.3	3.3	27.5		54	24.6	2.4	24.3
70-79	65	25.1	4.4	26.1		49	24.2	2.5	24.3
80 e +	55	23.8	2.9	23.2		37	22.3	2.5	22.1
Total^* * Significant difference (p < 0.05) among the values of the anthropometric variables of the older adults of the two regions, according to the Mann-Whitney test.	198	26.0	3.9	26.4		140	23.8	2.6	24.1
Waist Circumference (cm)					0.058					0.081
60-69	77	100.4	12.9	99.0		54	88.3	12.8	88.4
70-79	64	98.6	11.9	97.8		48	92.7	11.7	91.4
80 e +	54	95.8	11.3	95.3		36	89.1	21.2	86.9
Total^* * Significant difference (p < 0.05) among the values of the anthropometric variables of the older adults of the two regions, according to the Mann-Whitney test.	195	99.3	12.6	98.8		138	89.9	15.1	89.4
Calf Circumference (cm)					<0.001					0.043
60-69	79	38.1	3.4	38.0		54	34.7	9.8	34.3
70-79	65	36.7	4.1	36.5		49	34.2	3.4	34.2
80 e +	55	34.8	3.2	34.8		37	32.5	4.1	32.0
Total^ Significant difference (p < 0.05) among the values of the anthropometric variables of the older adults of the two regions, according to the Student t test.	199	37.0	3.9	36.9		140	33.9	3.7	34.1

	Antônio Carlos, SC					Lafaiete Coutinho, BA
	n	Underweight	Adequate	Overweight	p	n	Underweight	Adequate	Overweight	p
Men					<0.001^ Difference between age groups and body mass index.					0,070
60-69	78	5.6	44.1	50.3		54	38.9	38.9	22.2
70-79	66	12.5	56.9	30.6		49	22.4	46.9	30.6
80 e +	55	27.3	49.1	23.6		37	48.6	40.5	10.8
Total^* * Significant difference (p < 0.05) among the proportion of the elderly of the two regions, according to the nutritional status (BMI); chi-squared test.	199	11.4	49.7	38.8		140	35.7	42.1	22.1
Women					<0.001^ Difference between age groups and body mass index.					0.042**
60-69	116	1.9	29.4	68.8		58	24.1	36.2	39.7
70-79	73	8.5	29.9	61.6		57	14.0	47.4	38.6
80 e +	78	12.8	41.0	46.2		53	32.1	47.2	20.8
Total^* * Significant difference (p < 0.05) among the proportion of the elderly of the two regions, according to the nutritional status (BMI); chi-squared test.	267	5.7	31.3	63.0		168	23.2	43.5	33.3

	Antônio Carlos - SC				Lafaiete Coutinho - BA
	n	Adequate	Inadequate	p^ Difference between age groups and anthropometric indicators.	n	Adequate	Inadequate	p^ Difference between age groups and anthropometric indicators.
MEN
Arm circunference (cm)
60-69	78	100	-	0.021	54	96.3	3.7	0.216
70-79	65	100	-		49	93.9	6.1
80 e +	55	96.4	3.6		37	86.5	13.5
Total^* * Significant difference (p<0.05) among the proportion of older adults of the two regions; chi-square test.	198	99.5	0.5		140	92.9	7.1
Triceps Skinfold Thickness (mm)
60-69	79	82.1	17.9	0.065	54	59.3	40.7	0.608
70-79	66	70.8	29.2		49	77.6	22.4
80 e +	55	74.5	25.5		37	62.2	37.8
Total^* * Significant difference (p<0.05) among the proportion of older adults of the two regions; chi-square test.	200	76.7	23.3		140	66.4	33.6
Arm muscle circunference (cm)
60-69	78	94.4	5.6	<0.001	54	77.8	22.2	<0.001
70-79	65	85.9	14.1		49	79.6	20.4
80 e +	55	60.0	40.0		37	40.5	59.5
Total^* * Significant difference (p<0.05) among the proportion of older adults of the two regions; chi-square test.	198	86.1	13.9		140	68.6	31.4
Waist Circumference (cm)
60-69	77	54.6	45.4	0.124	87.0	13.0	87.0	0.751
70-79	64	60.0	40.0		75.0	25.0	75.0
80 e +	54	64.8	35.2		86.1	13.9	86.1
Total^* * Significant difference (p<0.05) among the proportion of older adults of the two regions; chi-square test.	195	41.8	58.2		82.6	17.4	82.6
Calf Circumference (cm)
60-69	79	98.9	1.1	0.004	54	88.9	11.1	<0.001
70-79	65	95.0	5.0		49	85.7	14.3
80 e +	55	89.1	10.9		37	56.8	43.2
Total^* * Significant difference (p<0.05) among the proportion of older adults of the two regions; chi-square test.	199	96.0	4.0		140	79.3	20.7
W0MEN
Arm circunference (cm)
60-69	116	100	-	0.036	58	96.6	3.4	0.005
70-79	71	98.8	1.3		57	98.2	1.8
80 e +	78	97.4	2.6		53	83.0	17.0
Total^* * Significant difference (p<0.05) among the proportion of older adults of the two regions; chi-square test.	265	99.2	0.8		168	92.9	7.1
Triceps Skinfold Thickness (mm)
60-69	116	77,7	22,3	0,070	58	63,8	36,2	0,001
70-79	69	73,4	36,6		57	49,1	50,9
80 e +	78	67,9	32,1		52	30,8	69,2
Total^* * Significant difference (p<0.05) among the proportion of older adults of the two regions; chi-square test.	263	74,9	25,1		167	48,5	51,5
Arm muscle circunference (cm)
60-69	116	94,8	5,2	<0,001	58	74,1	25,9	0,009
70-79	68	94,1	5,9		57	66,7	33,3
80 e +	78	64,1	35,9		52	50,0	50,0
Total^* * Significant difference (p<0.05) among the proportion of older adults of the two regions; chi-square test.	262	89,8	10,2		167	64,1	35,9
Waist Circumference (cm)
60-69	116	11.9	88.1	0,989	57	31.6	68.4	0,845
70-79	68	9.8	90.2		55	23.6	76.4
80 e +	72	16.7	83.3		50	32.0	68.0
Total^* * Significant difference (p<0.05) among the proportion of older adults of the two regions; chi-square test.	256	11.9	88.1		162	29.0	71.0
Calf Circumference (cm)
60-69	116	100	-	<0,001	58	82,8	17,2	<0,001
70-79	70	98,7	1,3		57	78,9	21,1
80 e +	78	83,3	16,7		53	49,1	50,9
Total^* * Significant difference (p<0.05) among the proportion of older adults of the two regions; chi-square test.	264	97,0	3,0		168	70,8	29,2

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