Effects of Focused Meditation on Stress and Dispositional Mindfulness in College Students

Carpena, Marina Xavier; Menezes, Carolina Baptista

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Brasil

Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa

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Brasil

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Sumário

Psicologia Clínica e Cultura • Psic.: Teor. e Pesq. 34 • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0102.3772e3441 copy

Effects of Focused Meditation on Stress and Dispositional Mindfulness in College Students

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

Meditation based interventions have been used in universities to reduce stress. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a six-week focused meditation-training on stress (using Lipp´s Inventory of Stress Symptoms) and dispositional mindfulness (using the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire - Brazilian version) in college students from southern Brazil. A nonrandomized controlled trial was conducted to compare the experimental group and the waitlist control group before and after the training. Compared with controls, the experimental group demonstrated significant improvements for stress, and increases in mindfulness scores, particularly for the facets describe and non-react. The results suggest that meditative practice may be an alternative for interventions aiming to tackle stress and enhance mindfulness skills in the university context.

Keywords
meditation; stress; mindfulness; college students

Variáveis	ME ¹	LE ²	p
Idade	25.1 (5.8)	26.6 (9.9)	0.488†
SRQ	8.7 (4)	9 (5.9)	0.858†
Sexo Feminino	23 (76.7%)	25 (73.5%)	0.772#
Medicação Psicoativa	3 (10%)	4 (11.8%)	0.821#
Psicoterapia	6 (20%)	7 (20.6%)	0.953#
ABEPa			0.571#
A	3 (10%)	3 (9,38%)
B	9 (30%)	12 (37,5%)
C	14 (46,7%)	16 (50%)
D	4 (13,3%)	1 (3,13%)
Estresse
Alerta	5 (16,7%)	3 (8,8%)	0.458#
Resistência	15 (50%)	21 (61,7%)	0.450#
Quase-resistência	3 (10%)	4 (11,7%)	1.000#
Exaustão	5 (16,7%)	7 (20,6%)	0.757#
Geral	16 (53,3%)	21(61,8%)	0.613#
Mindfulness Disp.
Observar	3.44 (.97)	3.16 (.85)	0.224†
Descrever	3.20 (.82)	3.47 (1.05)	0.268†
Agir com consc.	3.10 (.85)	3.16 (.84)	0.787†
Não julgar	3.22 (.99)	3.16 (.89)	0.779†
Não reagir	2.65 (.63)	2.75 (.76)	0.538†
Total	3.12 (.48)	3.14 (.56)	0.891†

	Grupo Meditação		Grupo Controle
	Pré-Teste (N = 30)	Pós-Teste( N = 29)	Pré-Teste (N = 34)	Pós-Teste(N = 27)
Questionários	M(DP) F (%)	M(DP) F (%)	M(DP) F (%)	M(DP) F (%)
ISSL
Alerta	5 (16.7%)	0 (0%)	3 (8.8%)	0 (0%)
Resistência	15 (50%)	3 (10.3%)	21 (61.8%)	13 (48.1%)
Quase-exaustão	3 (10%)	0 (0%)	4 (11.8%)	1 (3.7%)
Exaustão	5 (16,7%)	2 (6,9%)	7 (20.6%)	3 (11.1%)
Geral	16 (53.3%)	3 (10.3%)	21 (61.8%)	17 (63%)
FFMQ
Observar	3.37(0.95)	3.84(0.65)	3.14(0.89)	3.17(0.93)
Descrever	3.32(0.75)	3.65(0.84)	3.64(0.97)	3.37(0.99)
Agir com Consciência	3.12(0.90)	3.39(0.73)	3.34(0.73)	3.27(0.27)
Não Julgar	3.21(0.96)	3.49(0.71)	3.17(0.78)	2.99(0.79)
Não Reagir	2.71(0.13)	2.75(0.13)	3.03(0.12)	2.77(0.12)
Total	3.15(0.49)	3.21(0.51)	3.47(0.46)	3.11(0.49)

Desfecho	Termo	RO^a	EP^b	IC95%	p
Resistência	Grupos†	0.619	0.317	0.227; 1.688	0.349
	Controle††	0.562	0.197	0.283; 1.117	0.100
	Grupo x Tempo#	0.216	0.146	0.058; 0.812	0.023
Quase exaustão	Grupos†	0.833	0.679	0.168; 4.116	0.823
	Controle††	0.297	0.346	0.030; 2.920	0.298
	Grupo x Tempo#	1.3x10-5	2.1x10-5	6.2x10-7; 2.8x10-4	<0.001
Exaustão	Grupos†	0.771	0.504	0.214; 2.774	0.691
	Controle††	0.443	0.220	0.167; 1.175	0.102
	Grupo x Tempo#	1.020	0.690	0.271; 3.842	0.977
Geral	Grupos†	0.707	0.363	0.259; 1.931	0.499
	Controle††	1.034	0.450	0.441; 2.426	0.939
	Grupo x Tempo#	0.101	0.074	0.024; 0.427	0.002

FFMQ	Termo	^Coef.	^EPb	IC95%	p
Observar	Grupos†	0.279	0.227	-0.166; 0.724	0.220
	Controle††	0.022	0.135	-0.243; 0.287	0.869
	Grupo x Tempo#	0.389	0.214	-0.030; 0.808	0.069
Descrever	Grupos†	-0.266	0.233	-0.722; 0.190	0.252
	Controle††	-0.218	0.129	-0.470; 0.034	0.090
	Grupo x Tempo#	0.586	0.184	0.226; 0.946	0.001
Agir com Consciência	Grupos†	-0.576	0.211	-0.471; 0.356	0.785
	Controle††	0.012	0.098	-0.179; 0.203	0.901
	Grupo x Tempo#	0.269	0.173	-0.069; 0.607	0.119
Não julgar	Grupos†	0.063	0.226	-0.379; 0.506	0.779
	Controle††	-0.175	0.145	-0.461; 0.110	0.228
	Grupo x Tempo#	0.313	0.219	-0.117; 0.743	0.154
Não reagir	Grupos†	-0.109	0.172	-0.446; 0.228	0.527
	Controle††	0.019	0.119	-0.214; 0.253	0.873
	Grupo x Tempo#	0.322	0.157	0.015; 0.629	0.040
Total	Grupos†	-0.018	0.129	-0.271; 0.245	0.889
	Controle††	-0.0639	0.064	-0.189; 0.061	0.316
	Grupo x Tempo#	0.371	0.115	0.147; 0.596	0.001

Desfecho Estresse	N de dados faltantes imputados como tendo o desfecho^a		RO^b	Erro padrão	IC95%	Valor p
	ME	LE
Resistência	0	0	0.290	0.203	0.074; 1.142	0.077
		1	0.256	0.177	0.066; 0.993	0.049
		2	0.227	0.155	0.060; 0.866	0.030
		3	0.202	0.141	0.052; 0.790	0.022
		4	0.179	0.127	0.045; 0.721	0.015
		5	0.160	0.112	0.040; 0.631	0.009
		6	0.142	0.098	0.036; 0.551	0.005
		7	0.126	0.089	0.031; 0.502	0.003
	1	0	0.401	0.254	0.116; 1.387	0.149
		1	0.355	0.221	0.105; 1.204	0.097
		2	0.315	0.193	0.094; 1.049	0.060
		3	0.280	0.176	0.081; 0.959	0.043
		4	0.249	0.160	0.070; 0.877	0.030
		5	0.221	0.140	0.064; 0.766	0.017
		6	0.196	0.123	0.058; 0.668	0.009
		7	0.174	0.111	0.050; 0.610	0.006
Quase-exaustão^c	1	0	1.366	2.329	0.048; 38.650	0.855
		1	0.662	1.027	0.032; 13.82	0.790
		2	0.428	0.640	0.023; 8.027	0.570
		3	0.310	0.456	0.017; 5.522	0.426
		4	0.240	0.349	0.014; 4.138	0.326
		5	0.193	0.279	0.011; 3.263	0.254
		6	0.160	0.229	0.010; 2.661	0.201
		7	0.134	0.192	0.008; 2.221	0.161
Geral	0	0	0.157	0.116	0.037; 0.666	0.012
		1	0.140	0.102	0.033; 0.583	0.007
		2	0.124	0.089	0.030; 0.510	0.004
		3	0.110	0.081	0.026; 0.464	0.003
		4	0.097	0.073	0.022; 0.422	0.002
		5	0.086	0.064	0.020; 0.366	0.001
		6	0.075	0.055	0.018; 0.317	<0.001
		7	0.065	0.049	0.015; 0.285	<0.001
	1	0	0.217	0.147	0.058; 0.815	0.024
		1	0.193	0.129	0.052; 0.712	0.014
		2	0.172	0.113	0.047; 0.622	0.007
		3	0.152	0.102	0.041; 0.568	0.005
		4	0.135	0.092	0.035; 0.517	0.004
		5	0.119	0.081	0.031; 0.449	0.002
		6	0.104	0.698	0.279; 0.388	0.001
		7	0.091	0.062	0.023; 0.350	<0.001

Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de Brasília Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900 - Brasília - DF - Brazil, Tel./Fax: (061) 274-6455 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: revistaptp@gmail.com

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[1] *Endereço para correspondência: Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Rua Gen. Osório s/n, Centro, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil. CEP 96.200-190.E-mail: marinacapena_@hotmail.com