Preventive, Behavioral, Productive, and Tissue Modification using Green Synthesized Selenium Nanoparticles in the Drinking Water of Two Broiler Breeds under Microbial Stress

Ali, AA; Soliman, ES; Hamad, RT; El-Borad, OM; Hassan, RA; Helal, MS

doi:10.1590/1806-9061-2019-1129

ABSTRACT

A study was conducted to investigate the influence of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPS) and inorganic selenium supplementation in the drinking water on behavior, performance, and immunity of Arbor Acres^® and Ross^®308 broilers exposed to E. coli O157:H7 1.6 × 10⁸ challenge at the 10^th day of age.

180 one-day-old female broilers were divided into six groups, each with 30 chicks. G1 and G4 were supplied with 1 mL SeNPS 100 mg.L^-1/L, G2 and G5 were supplied with 1 mL inorganic selenium 100 mg.L^-1/L, and G3 and G6 were supplied with non-supplemented water. Where, G1, G2, and G3 were Arbor Acres^®, while G4, G5, and G6 were Ross^®308 broilers. A total of 1280 samples (160 sera, 160 intestinal swabs and 960 organ samples including liver, spleen, bursa, heart, breast muscles, and thymus) were collected in a study period of 38 days.

A highly significant increase (p<0.01) of weight gain, feed conversion, performance index, total protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, immunoglobulin G and M, total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase was recorded in G4 Ross^®308 compared to other supplemented and control groups. G1 Arbor Acres^® and G4 Ross^®308 broilers, also revealed a highly significant decline (p<0.01) in total bacterial and enterobacteriaceae counts of intestine and breast muscles compared to G2 Arbor Acres^® and G5 Ross^®308 broilers and to controls. Photomicrographs revealed a higher degree of cellular and tissue protection in G4 and G5 Ross^®308 compared to G1 and G2 Arbor Acres^® broilers. An improvement from SeNPS supplementation was detected on behavior, performance, bacterial load, immunological, antioxidant profiles, and tissue architecture in broilers breeds with special reference to Ross^®308 compared to Arbor Acres^® broilers.

Keywords:
Behavior; Broiler; Housing; Immunity; Nano-selenium

[1] Corresponding author e-mail address Essam S. Soliman Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonosis & Animal Behavior, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt, 41522. Phone: 201006597914 Email: soliman.essam@vet.suez.edu.eg

Groups	Behaviors
Groups	Feeding	Drinking	Walking	Standing	Resting	Preening	Stretching	Pecking	Flapping
Duration
G1	137.5^e±25.3	67.5^b±16.2	80.8^a±20.13	9.1^d±3.58	614.1^a±29.9	-----------	-----------	-----------	-----------
G2	148.3^d±37.9	66.6^b±5.12	81.6^a±23.86	27.5^ab±7.60	575.8^a±48.6	-----------	-----------	-----------	-----------
G3	163.3^c±46.9	58.7^c±17.6	40.8^c±9.25	33.3^a±13.10	593.3^a±56.2	-----------	-----------	-----------	-----------
G4	205.0^b±30.8	95.0^a±19.6	40.0^c±6.51	7.5^d±2.18	535.0^a±35.0	-----------	-----------	-----------	-----------
G5	214.1^b±46.8	93.3^a±30.8	50.0^b±11.28	27.5^ab±8.36	551.6^a±62.1	-----------	-----------	-----------	-----------
G6	230.0^a±51.5	61.6^bc±14.7	20.0^d±5.37	30.0^ab±10.3	552.5^a±55.9	-----------	-----------	-----------	-----------
p value	0.002	0.000	0.005	0.001	0.330	-----------	-----------	-----------	-----------
Frequency
G1	1.83^b±0.34	2.17^a±0.73	3.83^a±0.41	0.83±0.32	4.17^a±0.37	0.58^e±0.15	0.75^b±0.22	0.67^c±0.45	0.50^b±0.23
G2	1.75^b±0.33	1.92^b±0.19	3.92^a±0.60	1.50±0.31	3.17^b±0.24	1.00^c±0.43	1.08^a±0.31	0.42^d±0.23	0.97^a±0.58
G3	1.42^c±0.34	1.42^d±0.29	2.50^b±0.42	1.00±0.37	3.25^b±0.25	1.67^a±0.45	1.08^a±0 .29	1.50^a±0.93	0.17^d±0.11
G4	2.25^a±0.22	1.83^b±0.24	2.00^c±0.33	0.75±0.18	3.42^b±0.23	0.42^e±0.29	0.17^d±0.11	0.75^c±0.51	0.25^c±0.13
G5	2.08^a±0.40	1.50^c±0.38	1.83^c±0.30	0.58±0.15	2.67^c±0.19	0.75^d±0.00	0.33^c±0.19	0.00^e±0.00	0.18^d±0.02
G6	1.75^b±0.33	1.08^e±0.19	1.17^d±0.30	1.00±0.25	2.92^c±0.29	1.28^b±0.00	0.33^c±0.14	0.92^b±0.64	0.17^d±0.11
p value	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.086	0.005	0.023	0.000	0.006	0.023

Groups	Slaughters times / days	TP g/dl	ALB g/dl	ALT IU/L	AST IU/L	UREA mg/dl	CREAT mg/dl
G1		11.1^c±0.26	1.9^c±0.13	4.5^b±0.20	38.4^bc±0.79	46.8^a±1.34	4.7^a±0.17
G2		10.1^d±0.25	1.8^c±0.12	4.5^b±0.19	46.3^a±0.74	41.6^b±1.27	3.2^b±0.16
G3		11.9^b±0.26	3.6^a±0.13	5.1^a±0.20	39.3^b±0.79	40.3^b±1.34	0.8^d±0.09
G4		11.7^b±0.26	1.5^c±0.12	2.8^d±0.19	33.3^d±0.77	32.4^d±1.31	3.0^b±0.17
G5		10.4^d±0.24	2.7^b±0.11	2.3^e±0.18	36.3^bc±0.72	49.2^a±1.22	2.2^c±0.16
G6		12.4^a±0.26	3.4^a±0.12	3.5^c±0.19	42.3^b±0.77	37.0^c±1.31	0.5^d±0.02
p value		0.000	0.000	0.002	0.005	0.004	0.005
Groups * Slaughter times
G1	19^th	13.8^a±0.46	3.5^a±0.07	5.6^a±0.73	16.0^b±0.92	45.4^a±1.03	6.6^a±0.76
G1	38^th	8.3^b±0.49	0.4^b±0.04	3.5^b±0.18	60.8^a±0.50	48.1^a±0.46	2.7^b±0.14
G2	19^th	13.4^a±0.75	2.9^a±0.66	4.3^b±0.47	23.2^b±2.17	14.7^b±2.36	1.6^b±0.16
G2	38^th	6.9^b±0.25	0.7^b±0.03	4.7^a±0.19	69.4^a±0.74	68.5^a±2.18	4.8^a±0.21
G3	19^th	12.8^a±0.67	3.6^a±0.08	5.7^a±0.49	9.8^b±1.10	53.6^a±4.81	0.5^b±0.07
G3	38^th	11.1^b±0.06	3.6^a±0.02	4.4^b±0.05	68.7^a±0.64	27.1^b±0.33	1.1^a±0.05
G4	19^th	12.6^a±0.42	2.5^a±0.47	4.7^a±0.57	11.0^b±2.08	22.3^b±2.59	2.0^b±0.31
G4	38^th	10.9^b±0.08	0.5^b±0.01	0.9^b±0.04	55.6^a±1.15	42.5^a±0.72	4.1^a±0.15
G5	19^th	9.4^b±0.69	3.3^a±0.20	2.5^a±0.29	12.5^b±0.77	51.1^a±3.31	0.5^b±0.07
G5	38^th	11.4^a±0.14	2.2^b±0.08	2.1^a±0.07	60.1^a±0.78	47.2^b±0.87	3.9^a±0.19
G6	19^th	10.8^b±0.40	1.9^b±0.11	2.1^b±0.29	12.6^b±1.54	45.2^a±1.03	0.7^a±0.08
G6	38^th	14.0^a±0.12	5.0^a±0.02	4.9^a±0.08	72.0^a±0.25	28.9^b±0.44	0.3^a±0.04
p value		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000

groups	Slaughters times / days	Immunoglobulin concentration		Antioxidant enzymes
groups	Slaughters times / days	IgG mg/dl	IgM mg/dl	TAC mM/L	MDA nmol/ml	SOD U/ml
G1		1739.9^b±7.03	414.8^b±3.14	1.79^a±0.01	21.3^b±0.29	260.5^a±1.96
G2		1736.0^b±6.65	410.5^b±2.97	1.33^f±0.01	11.6^d±0.27	251.2^b±1.85
G3		1345.5^e±7.03	269.2^e±3.14	1.49^e±0.01	7.2^e±0.29	254.3^b±1.96
G4		1769.4^a±6.88	425.0^a±3.07	1.85^b±0.01	24.1^a±0.28	267.8^a±1.92
G5		1729.9^c±6.43	399.0^c±2.87	1.58^c±0.01	14.7^c±0.26	257.2^b±1.79
G6		1378.1^d±6.88	301.5^d±3.07	1.51^d±0.01	7.9^e±0.28	254.5^b±1.92
p value		0.000	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000
Groups * Slaughter times
G1	19^th	1841.6^a±21.6	487.4^a±10.0	1.66^b±0.01	18.8^b±0.67	236.9^b±2.98
G1	38^th	1638.2^b±11.2	342.2^b±4.43	1.93^a±0.01	23.8^a±0.46	284.1^a±0.78
G2	19^th	1829.2^a±10.3	473.6^a±5.68	1.17^b±0.00	10.0^b±0.33	247.1^b±2.10
G2	38^th	1624.8^b±7.06	347.4^b±2.05	1.50^a±0.01	13.2^a±0.31	255.2^a±1.69
G3	19^th	1317.0^b±11.1	263.2^b±4.04	1.47^a±0.00	6.9^b±0.27	259.6^a±0.89
G3	38^th	1374.0^a±7.09	275.2^a±1.85	1.51^a±0.01	7.4^a±0.14	248.9^b±4.51
G4	19^th	1598.6^b±10.2	349.0^b±11.6	1.80^b±0.02	22.4^b±0.53	247.0^b±5.25
G4	38^th	1940.3^a±9.73	501.1^a±1.03	1.89^a±0.01	25.9^a±0.62	288.6^a±0.34
G5	19^th	1579.0^b±9.75	337.6^b±6.50	1.54^b±0.01	12.4^b±0.26	248.2^b±0.82
G5	38^th	1880.8^a±5.51	460.4^a±1.77	1.61^a±0.01	17.0^a±0.21	266.2^a±1.91
G6	19^th	1378.6^a±4.29	294.0^b±2.98	1.52^a±0.00	7.6^a±0.12	260.0^a±1.13
G6	38^th	1377.7^a±3.32	309.1^a±1.81	1.50^a±0.03	8.2^a±0.11	249.1^b±2.91
p value		0.003	0.042	0.000	0.000	0.000

Groups	Slaughters times / days	Intestinal Swabs		Breast Muscles
Groups	Slaughters times / days	Log. TBC CFU/mL	Log. TEC CFU/mL	Log. TBC CFU/mL	Log. TEC CFU/mL
G1		5.0^b±0.049	3.3^a±0.127	3.5^b±0.043	1.7^a±0.072
G2		5.3^a±0.047	3.0^a±0.120	3.9^a±0.040	1.8^a±0.068
G3		3.4^e±0.049	2.2^b±0.127	3.0^d±0.043	0.9^c±0.072
G4		4.3^d±0.048	1.9^b±0.124	3.1^cd±0.042	0.9^c±0.071
G5		4.7^c±0.045	2.1^b±0.116	3.2^c±0.039	1.4^b±0.066
G6		3.4^e±0.048	2.0^b±0.124	3.1^cd±0.042	0.9^c±0.071
p value		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Groups * Slaughter times
G1	19^th	4.4^b±0.25	2.4^b±0.61	3.0^b±0.09	1.3^b±0.36
G1	38^th	5.7^a±0.02	4.2^a±0.03	4.1^a±0.02	2.1^a±0.03
G2	19^th	3.9^b±0.07	1.4^b±0.60	3.2^b±0.09	0.5^b±0.31
G2	38^th	6.6^a±0.01	4.5^a±0.02	4.6^a±0.02	3.1^a±0.02
G3	19^th	3.1^b±0.05	0.0^b±0.00	3.5^a±0.21	0.0^b±0.00
G3	38^th	3.8^a±0.03	4.4^a±0.01	2.5^b±0.04	1.8^a±0.01
G4	19^th	4.3^a±0.14	0.0^b±0.00	3.2^a±0.06	0.0^b±0.00
G4	38^th	4.3^a±0.02	3.9a±0.02	3.0^b±0.00	1.8^a±0.01
G5	19^th	3.9^b±0.07	0.0^b±0.00	3.1^b±0.04	0.0^b±0.00
G5	38^th	5.5^a±0.01	4.3^a±0.03	3.3^a±0.01	2.7^a±0.01
G6	19^th	3.0^b±0.04	0.0^b±0.00	3.3^a±0.02	0.0^b±0.00
G6	38^th	3.8^a±0.01	4.0^a±0.00	2.8^b±0.02	1.8^a±0.01
p value		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000

Groups	Age / wk	WG / g	FI / g	FCR %	PI
G1		384.42^ab±9.53	608.41^c±0.002	1.72^ab±	5.72^bcd±0.11
G2		393.70^a±9.91	604.82^c±0.001	1.58^bc±	6.19^ab±0.19
G3		362.12^b±8.86	554.26^d±0.001	1.57^bc±	6.03^abc±0.23
G4		399.68^a±9.12	720.69^a±0.001	1.83^a±	5.48^cd±0.23
G5		373.62^ab±7.12	557.47^d±0.002	1.45^c±	6.34^a±0.15
G6		363.34^b±8.21	638.89^b±0.001	1.75^a±	5.19^d±0.18
p value		0.021	0.000	0.069	0.000
Groups*Age of birds
G1	1^st	74.3^e±6.87	104.8^e±0.001	1.58^c±0.22	0.90^d±0.11
	2^nd	175.6^d±18.28	308.6^d±0.001	1.97^b±0.24	1.77^c±0.26
	3^rd	497.9^b±36.17	711.9^c±0.000	1.49^d±0.10	5.67^b±0.60
	4^th	425.6^c±28.60	894.4^b±0.001	2.20^a±0.16	5.81^b±0.40
	5^th	748.7^a±15.86	1022.2^a±0.000	1.37^e±0.02	14.43^a±0.36
G2	1^st	96.1^e±6.46	110.4^e±0.001	1.19^d±0.06	1.27^e±0.15
	2^nd	245.1^d±19.57	323.6^d±0.001	1.40^b±0.12	3.01^d±0.35
	3^rd	501.2^b±17.98	706.9^c±0.000	1.42^b±0.05	6.29^b±0.26
	4^th	351.8^c±19.71	862.5^b±0.001	2.53^a±0.16	5.07^c±0.32
	5^th	774.3^a±28.81	1020.5^a±0.001	1.33^c±0.04	15.32^a±0.73
G3	1^st	90.3^e±3.38	119.5^e±0.000	1.33^d±0.04	1.03^c±0.06
	2^nd	247.5^d±10.22	365.5^d±0.001	1.49^c±0.05	2.61^c±0.17
	3^rd	519.2^b±25.03	685.0^c±0.001	1.35^d±0.07	6.90^b±0.48
	4^th	409.4^c±29.32	812.6^a±0.001	2.07^a±0.14	6.62^b±0.51
	5^th	544.2^a±42.41	788.5^b±0.001	1.59^b±0.22	12.98^a±1.15
G4	1^st	86.8^e±6.86	115.8^e±0.001	1.42^e±0.13	1.03^e±0.12
	2^nd	248.6^d±12.87	423.3^d±0.000	1.75^b±0.11	2.26^d±0.17
	3^rd	553.9^b±20.88	901.2^c±0.001	1.64^c±0.06	5.76^c±0.29
	4^th	706.5^a±13.86	1086.1^a±0.002	1.54^d±0.03	10.68^a±0.28
	5^th	402.6^c±27.30	1076.9^b±0.000	2.78^a±0.18	7.68^b±0.60
G5	1^st	103.6^e±3.72	125.8^e±0.000	1.22^d±0.04	1.23^e±0.07
	2^nd	286.9^d±18.00	361.8d±0.001	1.30^d±0.07	3.53^d±0.5
	3^rd	468.8^c±9.95	697.9^c±0.001	1.49^c±0.03	6.08^c±0.19
	4^th	474.2^b±19.87	780.3^b±0.001	1.67^a±0.07	8.40^b±0.40
	5^th	534.6^a±19.11	821.4^a±0.001	1.55^b±0.06	12.47^a±0.51
G6	1^st	85.6^e±5.86	131.2^e±0.001	1.60^c±0.11	0.88^e±0.10
	2^nd	258.3^d±11.36	363.7^d±0.002	1.43^d±0.06	2.81^d±0.17
	3^rd	474.6^c±37.10	785.8^c±0.002	1.82^b±0.25	5.38^c±0.55
	4^th	484.0^b±25.31	955.3^b±0.000	2.01^a±0.09	6.84^b±0.34
	5^th	514.2^a±23.23	958.3^a±0.001	1.89^b±0.08	10.03^a±0.50
p value		0.000	0.000	0.002	0.000

Brasil

Brasil

Preventive, Behavioral, Productive, and Tissue Modification using Green Synthesized Selenium Nanoparticles in the Drinking Water of Two Broiler Breeds under Microbial Stress

ABSTRACT