Production of cut sunflower under water volumes and substrates with coconut fiber

Oliveira, Marcelo S. de; Carvalho, Daniel F. de; Gomes, Daniela P.; Pereira, Fernandes A. C.; Medici, Leonardo O.

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v22n12p859-865

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ARTICLE • Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient. 22 (12) • Dec 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v22n12p859-865 copy

Production of cut sunflower under water volumes and substrates with coconut fiber

Produção de girassol de corte sob volumes de água e substratos com fibra de coco

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to evaluate the production of cut sunflower in response to different water volumes and substrates, composed of soil and coconut fiber. Two simultaneous experiments were conducted in greenhouse, located in the Horticulture Sector of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica - RJ, Brazil (22º 48’ S, 43º 41’ W and altitude of 33 m), between April and June 2016. Water was applied by an Simplified Irrigation Controller (SIC), allowing the application of different volumes (33, 67 and 133% of retention capacity of substrate) in comparison to the control treatment (100%). The substrates used were 1/3 of coconut fiber and 2/3 of soil (v/v) (Experiment 1), and 2/3 of coconut fiber and 1/3 of soil (Experiment 2). The experimental design was completely randomized, with 5 replicates. The treatment with 100% of the volume applied by the SIC led to best growth of sunflower, increasing the potential income obtained with stems at better marketing standard according to the prices practiced.

Key words:
Helianthus annuus L.; irrigation water management; ornamental plant

Variable		Pr > Pf	CV (%)	% of the volume applied by the SIC				R² (%)	Equation
Variable		Pr > Pf	CV (%)	33	67	100	133	R² (%)	Equation
Final height	(cm)	0.002	6.46	66.73	86.70	94.73	94.36	100	$y = - 0.17 x^{2} + 6.00 x + 42.24$
Height at harvest		0.002	6.39	73.86	95.32	104.70	102.85	100	$y = - 0.20 x^{2} + 6.74 x + 46.30$
Capitulum diameter		0.023	3.94	12.70	13.74	14.32	14.00	98	$y = - 0.01 x^{2} + 0.37 x + 11.17$
Internal disc diameter		0.015	5.16	5.17	5.80	6.21	6.01	98	$y = - 0.01 x^{2} + 0.23 x + 4.22$
Final diameter		<0.001	3.91	8.70	11.61	12.39	12.23	100	$y = - 0.03 x^{2} + 0.88 x + 5.17$
Days until harvest		ns	1.40	55.61	55.36	55.57	55.08	-	-
Root fresh weight	(g)	0.018	18.37	14.27	33.35	36.48	40.44	98	$y = - 0.13 x^{2} + 4.78 x + 4.84$
Shoot fresh weight		<0.001	7.16	107.99	188.83	209.85	203.26	100	$y = - 0.76 x^{2} + 24.86 x + 8.43$
Root dry weight		<0.001	25.61	1.53	3.72	3.62	4.26	80	$y = - 0.16 x + 1.21$
Shoot dry weight		0.033	23.48	18.18	30.53	38.36	33.95	97	$y = - 0.14 x^{2} + 4.59 x + 0.71$
Number of leaves		ns	4.46	22.15	22.44	23.38	23.14	-	-
Number of petals		ns	5.28	28.80	31.00	31.36	30.56	-	-
Shoot/root ratio		0.006	20.46	13.66	8.14	11.32	8.93	100	$y = - 0.02 x^{3} + 0.68 x^{2} + 8.16 x + 38.76$
Leaf area	(cm²)	<0.001	7.11	1540.29	2289.89	2474.44	2389.35	100	$y = - 7.27 x^{2} + 234.62 x + 602.92$
Root volume	(cm³)	0.007	18.53	18.00	43.00	48.50	50.75	99	$y = - 0.19 x^{2} + 6.85 x + 9.49$

Variable		Pr > Pf	CV (%)	% of the volume applied by the SIC				R² (%)	Equation
Variable		Pr > Pf	CV (%)	33	67	100	133	R² (%)	Equation
Final height	(cm)	0.028	5.5	69.8	80.6	86.3	85.5	78	$y = - 0.15 x + 4.20 x + 56.85$
Height at harvest		0.034	4.9	76.6	90.4	96.6	98.5	100	$y = - 0.15 x^{2} + 4.62 x + 62.31$
Capitulum diameter		0.010	5.9	12.0	12.7	13.7	13.1	65	$y = 0.11 x + 11.78$
Internal disc diameter		ns	12.9	5.2	5.0	5.7	5.2	-	-
Final diameter		0.021	6.4	10.0	11.8	12.5	12.4	100	$y = - 0.03 x^{2} + 0.71 x + 7.81$
Days until harvest		ns	3.3	55.7	56.3	55.2	56.6	-	-
Root fresh weight	(g)	ns	42.7	22.1	38.8	38.5	35.8	-	-
Shoot fresh weight		0.006	16.5	109.9	169.7	210.8	182.8	93	$y = - 1.24 x^{2} + 29.99 x + 18.15$
Root dry weight		ns	27.4	3.0	3.9	4.4	3.8	-	-
Shoot dry weight		0.023	20.8	17.4	27.0	34.7	29.3	92	$y = - 0.20 x^{2} + 4.90 x + 2.31$
Number of leaves		ns	6.0	22.2	21.7	22.6	22.7	-	-
Number of petals		0.022	5.1	27.1	28.0	30.4	27.7	100	$y = - 0.02 x^{3} + 0.58 x^{2} - 4.22 x + 35.70$
Shoot/root ratio		0.009	24.1	6.03	6.8	8.8	9.0	92	$y = 0.28 x + 4.96$
Leaf area	(cm²)	0.040	16.9	1504.1	2006.4	2369.5	2090.4	93	$y = - 10.68 x^{2} + 255.53 x + 722.63$
Root volume	(cm³)	0.006	26.26	33.7	52.2	62.5	58.0	78	$y = 2.21 x + 30.11$

% of the water volume applied by the SIC	Stem length (cm)					Total of stems	Potential income		Variation in relation to 100% of the water volume applied by the SIC
% of the water volume applied by the SIC	90	80	70	60	50	Total of stems	R$	R$ ha^-1
Experiment 2
33	1	10	8	5	1	25	34.16	101,214.71	-16%
67	15	5	2	1	-	23	36.38	107,792.48	-11%
100	20	4	1	-	-	25	40.73	120,681.36	-
133	21	3	-	-	-	24	39.57	117,244.33	-3%
Experiment 1
33	-	5	10	8	-	23	30.16	89,362.87	-27%
67	16	8	-	1	-	25	39.89	118,192.47	-4%
100	24	1	-	-	-	25	41.58	123,199.88	-
133	22	3	-	-	-	25	41.24	122,192.47	-1%

Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, UFCG, Av. Aprígio Veloso 882, Bodocongó, Bloco CM, 1º andar, CEP 58429-140, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil, Tel. +55 83 2101 1056 - Campina Grande - PB - Brazil
E-mail: revistagriambi@gmail.com

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[1] carvalho@ufrrj.br (Corresponding author)