Attributes of the soil fertilized with sewage sludge and calcium and magnesium silicate

Zuba Junio, Geraldo R.; Sampaio, Regynaldo A.; Nascimento, Altina L.; Fernandes, Luiz A.; Lima, Natália N. de; Carneiro, João P.

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v19n11p1107-1113

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Gestão e Controle Ambiental • Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient. 19 (11) • Nov 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v19n11p1107-1113 copy

Attributes of the soil fertilized with sewage sludge and calcium and magnesium silicate

Atributos do solo adubado com lodo de esgoto e silicato de cálcio e magnésio

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to evaluate the chemical attributes of an Inceptisol cultivated with castor bean (Ricinus communis L.), variety ‘BRS Energia’, fertilized with sewage sludge compost and calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) silicate. The experiment was conducted at the ICA/UFMG, in a randomized block design, using a 2 x 4 factorial scheme with three replicates, and the treatments consisted of two doses of Ca-Mg silicate (0 and 1 t ha^-1) and four doses of sewage sludge compost (0, 23.81, 47.62 and 71.43 t ha^-1, on dry basis). Soil organic matter (OM), pH, sum of bases (SB), effective cation exchange capacity (CEC_(t)), total cation exchange capacity (CEC_(T)), base saturation (V%) and potential acidity (H + Al) were evaluated. There were no significant interactions between doses of sewage sludge compost and doses of Ca-Mg silicate on soil attributes, and no effect of silicate fertilization on these attributes. However, fertilization with sewage sludge compost promoted reduction in pH and increase in H + Al, OM and CEC. The dose of 71.43 t ha^-1 of sewage sludge compost promoted the best soil chemical conditions.

Key words:
organic fertilizer; biosolid; steel waste

Soil layer cm	pH	P-rem. mg L^-1	P-Mehlich	K	Ca	Mg	Al	H + Al	SB	CEC(t)	CEC(T)	m	V	OM	Coarse sand	Fine sand	Silt	Clay
Soil layer cm	pH	P-rem. mg L^-1	mg dm^-3		cmol_cdm^-3							%		g kg^-1
0-20	6.2	33.8	3.2	140	6.2	2.9	0.0	2.59	9.46	9.46	12.05	00	78.0	55.8	120	480	180	220
20-40	6.2	30.8	2.2	70	5.6	2.2	0.0	2.45	7.98	7.98	10.43	0.0	76.0	47.9	93	487	180	240

Material	Chemical characteristics¹ 1 Methodology according to Tedesco et al. (1995);
	N		P	K	Ca	Mg	S	Zn	Cu	Cd	Cr	Ni	Pb
	g kg^-1							mg kg^-1
SS	17.70		4.10	6.60	0.50	2.20	12.40	162.33	90.00	1.14	548.33	105.67	162.00
BS	9.10		1.20	20.00	12.00	4.00	0.40	16.00	2.50	0.00	0.00	1.00	40.00
SSC	16.30		4.20	6.80	4.00	2.20	12.60	304.33	81.67	1.84	740.67	116.00	151.33
ML² 2 Maximum limit allowed in sewage sludge or derivative product according to the CONAMA Resolution nº 375, of August 2006 (Brasil, 2006); Navail - content of available nitrogen calculated according to the CONAMA Resolution nº 375, of August 2006 (Brasil, 2006)	-		-	-	-	-	-	2.800	1.500	39	1.000	420	300
SSC (t ha^-1)	Applied amounts (kg ha^-1)
SSC (t ha^-1)	N_total	N_avail	P	K	Ca	Mg	S	Zn	Cu	Cd	Cr	Ni	Pb
23.81	388.1	40.0	100.0	161.9	95.24	52.38	300.0	7.25	1.94	0.04	17.64	2.76	3.6
47.62	776.2	80.0	200.0	323.8	190.48	104.76	600.0	14.49	3.89	0.09	35.27	5.52	7.2
71.43	1.164.3	120.0	300.0	485.7	285.72	157.15	900.0	21.74	5.83	0.13	52.91	8.29	10.8

Variable	Dose of silicate (t ha^-1)	Dose of sewage sludge compost (t ha^-1)				Mean
Variable	Dose of silicate (t ha^-1)	0	23.81	47.62	71.43	Mean
OM (0-10 cm)	0	4.13	4.53	4.70	5.43	4.70 A
	1	4.53	4.60	4.90	4.83	4.72 A
	Mean	4.33	4.57	4.80	5.13	-
OM (10-20 cm)	0	3.63	3.57	3.60	4.17	3.74 A
	1	4.07	3.90	4.03	3.63	3.91 A
	Mean	3.85	3.74	3.82	3.90	-
OM (20-40 cm)	0	2.40	2.20	2.30	2.83	2.43 A
	1	2.47	2.33	2.33	2.23	2.34 A
	Mean	2.44	2.27	2.32	2.53	-
OM (40-60 cm)	0	1.80	1.63	1.93	2.17	1.88 A
	1	1.80	1.70	1.87	1.63	1.75 A
	Mean	1.80	1.67	1.90	1.90	-
pH (0-10 cm)	0	6.87	6.77	6.60	6.70	6.74 A
	1	6.97	7.03	6.93	6.67	6.90 A
	Mean	6.92	6.90	6.78	6.69	-
pH (10-20 cm)	0	6.70	6.53	6.40	6.70	6.58 A
	1	6.87	6.93	6.90	6.53	6.81 A
	Mean	6.79	6.73	6.65	6.62	-
pH (20-40 cm)	0	6.50	6.60	6.50	6.40	6.50 A
	1	6.80	6.20	6.50	5.80	6.33 A
	Mean	6.65	6.40	6.50	6.10	-
pH (40-60 cm)	0	5.97	6.43	6.53	6.07	6.25 A
	1	6.37	5.87	6.00	5.77	6.00 A
	Mean	6.17	6.15	6.27	5.92	-

Variable	Dose of silicate (t ha^-1)	Dose of sewage sludge compost (t ha^-1)				Mean
Variable	Dose of silicate (t ha^-1)	0	23.81	47.62	71.43	Mean
H + Al (0-10 cm)	0	2.09	1.85	2.86	3.03	2.46 A
	1	1.82	1.65	1.54	2.37	1.85 A
	Mean	1.96	1.75	2.20	2.70	-
H + Al (10-20 cm)	0	3.03	3.30	3.30	3.03	3.17 A
	1	2.59	2.31	2.20	3.25	2.59 A
	Mean	2.81	2.81	2.75	3.14	-
H + Al (20-40 cm)	0	3.69	3.47	3.91	3.74	3.70 A
	1	2.70	3.91	3.14	3.85	3.40 A
	Mean	1.85	1.74	1.96	1.87	-
H + Al (40-60 cm)	0	4.84	3.80	3.58	4.68	4.23 A
	1	3.25	4.79	4.51	402	4.14 A
	Mean	8.09	8.59	8.09	8.70	-
SB (0-10 cm)	0	9.59	10.88	9.68	10.44	10.15 A
	1	10.68	11.41	10.95	10.38	10.86 A
	Mean	10.14	11.15	10.32	10.41	-
SB (10-20 cm)	0	7.37	7.33	7.59	9.89	8.05 A
	1	9.17	9.41	10.14	7.62	9.09 A
	Mean	8.27	8.37	8.87	8.76	-
SB (20-40 cm)	0	4.95	4.53	4.45	6.22	5.04 A
	1	5.65	5.04	5.61	5.06	5.34 A
	Mean	5.30	4.79	5.03	5.64	-
SB (40-60 cm)	0	2.92	3.38	3.97	4.22	3.62 A
	1	4.19	3.04	3.46	3.92	3.65 A
	Mean	3.56	3.21	3.72	4.07	-

Variable	Dose of silicate (t ha^-1)	Dose of sewage sludge compost (t ha^-1)				Mean
Variable	Dose of silicate (t ha^-1)	0	23.81	47.62	71.43	Mean
CEC(t) (0-10 cm)	0	9.59	11.17	9.68	10.44	10.22 A
	1	10.67	11.40	10.95	10.38	10.85 A
	Mean	10.13	11.29	10.32	10.41	-
CEC(t) (10-20 cm)	0	7.37	7.33	7.59	9.89	8.05 A
	1	9.17	9.41	10.14	7.62	9.09 A
	Mean	8.27	8.37	8.87	8.76	-
CEC(t) (20-40 cm)	0	5.18	4.76	5.62	6.29	5.46 A
	1	5.65	5.34	5.61	5.40	5.50 A
	Mean	5.42	5.05	5.62	5.85	-
CEC(t) (40-60 cm)	0	4.18	4.31	4.89	5.15	4.63 A
	1	4.69	4.61	4.49	4.89	4.67 A
	Mean	4.44	4.46	4.69	5.02	-
CEC(T) (0-10 cm)	0	11.69	13.36	12.55	13.46	12.77 A
	1	12.50	13.06	12.49	12.75	12.70 A
	Mean	12.10	13.21	12.52	13.11	-
CEC(T) (10-20 cm)	0	10.40	10.64	10.89	12.92	11.21 A
	1	11.76	11.72	12.34	10.87	11.67 A
	Mean	11.08	11.18	11.62	11.90	-
CEC(T) (20-40 cm)	0	8.63	8.00	8.36	9.96	8.74 A
	1	8.35	8.95	8.75	8.91	8.74 A
	Mean	8.49	8.48	8.56	9.44	-
CEC(T) (40-60 cm)	0	7.76	7.17	7.53	8.90	7.84 A
	1	7.44	7.83	7.97	7.94	7.80 A
	Mean	7.60	7.50	7.75	8.42	-
V% (0-10 cm)	0	82.00	81.67	77.33	77.33	79.58 A
	1	86.00	87.00	88.00	81.67	85.67 A
	Mean	84.00	84.34	82.67	79.50	-
V% (10-20 cm)	0	70.67	68.00	68.67	76.67	71.00 A
	1	77.67	80.67	82.00	69.67	77.50 A
	Mean	74.17	74.34	75.34	73.17	-
V% (20-40 cm)	0	58.00	57.67	52.00	62.33	57.50 A
	1	67.33	56.33	64.33	56.67	61.17 A
	Mean	62.67	57.00	58.16	59.50	-
V% (40-60 cm)	0	38.00	49.00	55.00	46.67	47.17 A
	1	56.67	38.33	43.00	48.33	46.58 A
	Mean	47.34	43.67	49.00	47.50	-

Variable	Unit	Equation	R²	SSC (t ha^-1)	MxMn	FC
OM (0-10)	dag kg^-1	Y = 4.31 + 0.011046^** ,*, Significant at 0.05 and 0.1 probability levels, respectively by t-test; SSC – Dose of sewage sludge compost for the maximum value of the variable; MxMn – Maximum or minimum value of the variable; FC – Fertility class of the variable: L – Low, M – Medium, H – High, G – Good and VG – Very Good, according to Alvarez V. (1999) X	0.9925	71.43	5.10	G
OM (10-20)		Y = Ym = 3.80	-	-	3.80	M
OM (20-40)		Y = Ym = 2.39	-	-	2.39	M
OM (40-60)		Y = Ym = 1.83	-	-	1.83	L
pH (0-10)		Y = 6.91 - 0.00004842^* ,*, Significant at 0.05 and 0.1 probability levels, respectively by t-test; SSC – Dose of sewage sludge compost for the maximum value of the variable; MxMn – Maximum or minimum value of the variable; FC – Fertility class of the variable: L – Low, M – Medium, H – High, G – Good and VG – Very Good, according to Alvarez V. (1999) X²	0.9596	71.43	6.66	H
pH (10-20)		Y = Ym = 6.70	-	-	6.70	H
pH (20-40)		Y = Ym = 6.41	-	-	6.41	H
pH (40-60)		Y = Ym = 6.13	-	-	6.13	H
H + AL (0-10)	cmol_cdm^-3	Y = 1.82 + 0.000170^* ,*, Significant at 0.05 and 0.1 probability levels, respectively by t-test; SSC – Dose of sewage sludge compost for the maximum value of the variable; MxMn – Maximum or minimum value of the variable; FC – Fertility class of the variable: L – Low, M – Medium, H – High, G – Good and VG – Very Good, according to Alvarez V. (1999) X²	0.9055	71.43	2.69	M
H + AL (10-20)		Y = Ym = 2.88	-	-	2.88	M
H + AL (20-40)		Y = Ym = 3.55	-	-	3.55	M
H + AL (40-60)		Y = Ym = 4.19	-	-	4.19	M
SB (0-10)	cmol_c dm^-3	Y = Ym = 10.50	-	-	10.50	VG
SB (10-20)		Y = Ym = 8.57	-	-	8.57	VG
SB (20-40)		Y = Ym = 5.19	-	-	5.19	G
SB (40-60)		Y = Ym = 3.64	-	-	3.64	G
CEC_(t) (0-10)	cmol_cdm^-3	Y = Ym = 10.54	-	-	10.54	VG
CEC_(t) (10-20)		Y = Ym = 8.57	-	-	8.57	VG
CEC_(t) (20-40)		Y = Ym = 5.48	-	-	5.48	G
CEC_(t) (40-60)		Y = 4.42 + 0.000117^* ,*, Significant at 0.05 and 0.1 probability levels, respectively by t-test; SSC – Dose of sewage sludge compost for the maximum value of the variable; MxMn – Maximum or minimum value of the variable; FC – Fertility class of the variable: L – Low, M – Medium, H – High, G – Good and VG – Very Good, according to Alvarez V. (1999) X²	0.9943	71.43	5.02	G
CEC_(T) (0-10)	cmol_c dm^-3	Y = Ym = 12.74	-	-	12.74	G
CEC_(T) (10-20)		Y = Ym = 11.44	-	-	11.44	G
CEC_(T) (20-40)		Y = 8.36 + 0.00019^* ,*, Significant at 0.05 and 0.1 probability levels, respectively by t-test; SSC – Dose of sewage sludge compost for the maximum value of the variable; MxMn – Maximum or minimum value of the variable; FC – Fertility class of the variable: L – Low, M – Medium, H – High, G – Good and VG – Very Good, according to Alvarez V. (1999) X²	0.8670	71.43	9.33	G
CEC_(T) (40-60)		Y = 7.52 + 0.0000024^* ,*, Significant at 0.05 and 0.1 probability levels, respectively by t-test; SSC – Dose of sewage sludge compost for the maximum value of the variable; MxMn – Maximum or minimum value of the variable; FC – Fertility class of the variable: L – Low, M – Medium, H – High, G – Good and VG – Very Good, according to Alvarez V. (1999) X³	0.9798	71.43	8.39	M
V (0-10)	(%)	Y = Ym = 82.55	-	-	82.55	VG
V (10-20)		Y = Ym = 74.25	-	-	74.25	G
V (20-40)		Y = Ym = 59.35	-	-	59.35	M
V (40-60)		Y = Ym = 46.88	-	-	46.88	M

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