Selection in cowpea genotypes for nutritional traits

Pessoa, Angela M. dos S.; Bertini, Cândida H. C. de M.; Silva, Ana B. M. da; Taniguchi, Carlos A. K.

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n6p496-502

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Articles • Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient. 27 (6) • June 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n6p496-502 copy

Selection in cowpea genotypes for nutritional traits¹ 1 Research developed at Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrícolas, Horticulture Sector, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

Seleção de genótipos de feijão-caupi para caracteres nutricionais

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

HIGHLIGHTS:

Cowpea genotypes show variability in nutritional traits.

Cowpea genotypes with high nutrient concentration are indicated for genetic improvement.

Cowpea genotypes have favorable chemical properties and nutritional value for cultivar development.

ABSTRACT

Cowpea is a worldwide consumed legume due to its high nutrient concentrations. Selecting genotypes with high nutrient concentrations can contribute to developing biofortified cultivars. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional potential and indicate genotypes of Vigna unguiculata for genetic improvement based on nutritional traits. Forty-three cowpea genotypes belonging to the Active Germplasm Bank of the Federal University of Ceará were used in the study. The analyses of dry matter, ash, ether extract, proteins, and minerals (phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, sodium, copper, iron, zinc, manganese, and boron) were performed in triplicate. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, means comparison test, genetic parameters, nutritional quality indexes, and the sum of ranks. Genetic variances predominated concerning environmental variation for the nutrient concentrations of cowpea can be transmitted to future generations. The CE-0151, CE-0189, CE-0207, CE-0228, CE-0248, CE-0542, CE-0685, CE-0686, CE-0796, CE-0997, and CE-1002 genotypes are indicated for selection for continuing the biofortified cowpea breeding program.

Key words:
Vigna unguiculata; biofortification; plant breeding; selection of genotypes

ID bag	Common ID	Class	Subclass
CE-0002	Bengala	colored	manteiga
CE-0024	Cowpea-535	mixed	misturado
CE-0061	_	colored	vinagre
CE-0068	Lampião	colored	rajado
CE-0070	Quarenta dias - 1	colored	mulato
CE-0114	Texas Purple Hull - 49	mixed	misturado
CE-0151	1304	colored	mulato
CE-0155	1571	brown	mulato
CE-0164	2380	white	fradinho
CE-0165	2381	black	preto
CE-0172	4280 (V. sesquipedales)	black	preto
CE-0189	Costa Rica V-10	colored	mulato
CE-0199	Coleção Pernambuco V-8	white	fradinho
CE-0205	V-24	white	fradinho
CE-0206	V-33	white	fradinho
CE-0207	V-34	colored	mulato
CE-0228	Guerreiro 105	mixed	misturado
CE-0243	Malhado Preto	colored	corujinha
CE-0244	Tvu 2000	black	preto
CE-0248	Tvu 91	colored	vinagre
CE-0253	TVu191	colored	mulato
CE-0313	Tvu 2000	colored	mulato
CE-0337	Tvu 4538	colored	mulato
CE-0398	TVu 200	colored	mulato
CE-0542	ER-7	white	fradinho
CE-0685	CNCx666-21E	black	preto
CE-0686	CNCx666-26E	black	preto
CE-0688	CNCx666-26E	black	preto
CE-0689	CNCx666-31E	black	preto
CE-0796	CNCx251-60E	colored	mulato
CE-0925	Tvu 4552	white	olho-marrom
CE-0957	MNC-01627D-65-1	white	branco liso
CE-0958	IT 91K-118-2	colored	manteiga
CE-0964	MNC-06-887B-561	white	fradinho
CE-0986	IT 81D-1032	colored	vinagre
CE-0997	IT 81D-1073	colored	mulato
CE-0999	MNC 03-720-C-31	white	fradinho
CE-1002	MNC 01-627F-14-5	white	branca
CE-1007	MNC-01-625D	white	branco liso
CE-0942	BRS Juruá	colored	verde
CE-0978	BRS Tumucumaque	white	branco liso
CE-0934	BRS Guariba	white	branco liso
CE-0943	BRS Aracê	colored	verde

pH	O.M. (g kg^-1)	P	K⁺	Na⁺	H⁺+Al³⁺	Al³⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	BS	CEC
pH	O.M. (g kg^-1)	(mg dm^-3)		(cmol_c dm^-3)						CEC
7.0	4.6	27.89	28.33	0.06	0.61	0.00	1.13	0.53	1.80	2.41

S.V.	Traits/Mean squares
S.V.	DM	AH	EE	PB	P
Treatments	0.54^ns	1.50**	0.33**	43.76**	0.37 **
h² (%)	0.00	96.22	93.68	98.54	85.25
CVg/CVe	0.00	2.61	2.22	5.61	1.38
CV (%)	0.96	7.45	11.89	2.76	6.02
F.V	Traits/Mean squares
F.V	Ca	Mg	S	Na	Cu
Treatments	0.03**	0.07**	0.04**	0.10**	2.74*
h² (%)	88.40	76.58	67.63	91.50	58.00
CVg/CVe	1.59	1.04	0.83	1.89	0.69
CV (%)	11.25	7.57	7.70	20.69	16.79
F.V.	Traits/Mean squares
F.V.	K	Fe	Zn	Mn	B
Treatments	3.17*	436.87**	85.13**	13.46**	23.81**
h² (%)	58.32	72.67	92.01	94.13	94.85
CVg/CVe	0.68	0.94	1.95	2.31	2.48
CV (%)	9.04	20.02	5.96	6.40	7.01

ID bag	AH	EE	PB	P	K	Ca	Mg	S
ID bag	(g 100g^-1)			(g kg^-1)
CE-1002	3.64 b	1.10 d	30.78 b	4.12 b	10.90 b	0.51 c	1.64 b	1.51 c
CE-0155	4.02 a	1.20 c	28.02 e	4.03 c	12.88 b	0.50 c	1.82 b	1.54 c
CE-0206	4.07 a	0.95 d	25.64 f	4.00 c	12.43 b	0.66 b	1.90 a	1.38 c
CE-0024	3.35 b	1.02 d	24.71 g	3.56 c	11.66 b	0.55 c	1.63 b	1.49 c
CE-0689	4.11 a	1.02 d	31.36 b	4.68 a	13.31 a	0.48 c	2.23 a	1.65 b
CE-0986	3.27 b	1.01 d	26.25 f	3.70 c	11.63 b	0.35 d	1.56 b	1.34 c
CE-0172	3.83 a	1.07 d	30.27 c	4.26 b	12.83 b	0.53 c	1.79 b	1.63 b
CE-0002	3.96 a	1.93 b	29.84 c	4.10 b	13.31 a	0.55 c	1.73 b	1.50 c
CE-0313	4.36 a	1.17 c	25.57 f	4.24 b	13.59 a	0.63 b	1.94 a	1.64 b
CE-0199	4.01 a	1.07 d	27.00 e	4.26 b	12.09 b	0.63 b	1.99 a	1.48 c
CE-0542	3.84 a	1.25 c	23.21 h	4.12 b	12.23 b	0.65 b	1.78 b	1.32 c
CE-0244	4.03 a	1.24 c	28.89 d	3.81 c	13.69 a	0.62 b	1.94 a	1.69 b
CE-0686	3.73 b	1.21 c	33.88 a	4.76 a	11.80 b	0.60 b	1.92 a	1.70 b
CE-0205	3.65 b	1.30 c	26.20 f	3.85 c	12.50 b	0.43 d	1.87 b	1.53 b
CE-0151	3.62 b	1.22 c	28.64 d	3.94 c	12.36 b	0.41 d	1.58 b	1.69 b
CE-0243	3.89 a	1.22 c	30.03 c	3,73 c	13.11 a	0.66 b	2.06 a	1.65 b
CE-1007	3.63 b	1.24 c	29.47 c	3.73 c	11.19 b	0.46 d	1.76 b	1.50 c
CE-0957	3.83 a	1.23 c	29.00 d	4.37 b	11.77 b	0.49 c	1.76 b	1.50 c
CE-0165	3.78 a	1.16 c	31.30 b	4.52 a	12.59 b	0.37 d	1.62 b	1.86 a
CE-0999	3.47 b	1.30 c	25.74 f	3.78 c	10.68 b	0.46 d	1.64 b	1.51 c
CE-0068	3.64 b	1.20 c	21.90 i	3.82 c	14.07 a	0.49 c	1.85 b	1.47 c
CE-0253	3.66 b	1.38 c	21.89 i	3.81 c	13.05 a	0.55 c	1.98 a	1.51 c
CE-0997	3.26 b	1.69 b	22.08 i	4.53 a	14.84 a	0.45 d	2.05 a	1.56 c
CE-0958	3.26 a	1.69 d	22.08 e	4.51 a	13.49 a	0.47 c	1.85 b	1.57 c
CE-0207	3.98 a	0.88 d	23.01 h	3.69 c	12.36 b	0.57 b	1.89 a	1.57 c
CE-0061	3.50 b	1.00 d	20.69 j	4.05 c	12.57 b	0.57 b	1.87 b	1.49 c
CE-0189	2.01 b	1.30 c	21.04 j	3.43 c	11.19 b	0.64 b	1.74 b	1.57 c
CE-0248	1.92 b	1.39 c	17.14 k	3.74 c	13.22 a	0.52 c	2.03 a	1.47 c
CE-0685	2.52 c	1.12 d	28.18 e	4.87 a	12.72 b	0.44 d	2.06 a	1.61 b
CE-0964	2.34 c	2.12 a	22.88 h	4.16 b	13.40 a	0.60 b	2.21 a	1.86 a
CE-0398	2.29 c	1.92 b	18.97 k	3.48 c	12.72 b	0.57 b	1.81 b	1.60 b
CE-0337	2.56 c	1.80 b	21.30 j	4.09 b	12.59 b	0.49 c	1.77 b	1.49 c
CE-0164	2.32 c	2.24 a	21.80 i	3.90 c	13.81 a	0.66 b	2.14 a	1.82 a
CE-0228	1.83 d	2.00 b	22.01 i	3.47 c	12.40 b	0.87 a	1.80 b	1.47 c
CE-0688	2.68 c	0.96 d	25.88 f	4.63 a	13.39 a	0.48 c	2.05 a	1.57 c
CE-0796	2.49 c	0.98 d	23.94 g	4.19 b	15.10 a	0.45 d	1.69 b	1.58 b
CE-0070	2.31 c	1.03 d	21.76 i	3.87 c	14.40 a	0.61 b	1.97 a	1.45 c
CE-0114	2.64 c	1.06 d	20.56 j	4.10 b	14.43 a	0.79 a	1.96 a	1.54 c
CE-0925	2.46 c	0.89 d	20.79 j	3.77 c	12.29 b	0.52 c	1.78 b	1.68 b
BRS Juruá	3.78 a	1.13 d	22.44 i	4.28 b	14.56 a	0.67 b	1.85 b	1.61 b
BRS Tumucumaque	3.59 b	1.36 c	23.42 h	4.24 b	12.56 b	0.70 b	1.89 a	1.63 b
BRS Guariba	3.26 b	1.12 d	22.06 i	3.84 c	12.20 b	0.58 b	1.86 b	1.60 b
BRS Aracê	3.73 b	1.46 c	23.25 h	4.03 c	13.08 a	0.60 b	1.82 b	1.68 b
ID bag	Na (g kg^-1)	Cu	Fe	Zn	Mn	B	NQI	Sum of Ranks
ID bag	Na (g kg^-1)	(mg kg^-1)					NQI	Sum of Ranks
CE-1002	0.25 d	6.00 b	68.33 b	49.33 b	15.33 c	9.88 b	55.01	5
CE-0155	0.30 d	5.00 b	53.00 b	40.00 c	12.33 d	10.82 b	7.32	34
CE-0206	0.43 c	6.00 b	53. 00 b	40.33 c	14.33 c	8.24 c	5.54	36
CE-0024	0.67 b	5.00 b	57.67 b	40.33 c	13.33 d	7.31 c	11.01	28
CE-0689	0.22 d	5.33 b	60.33 b	43.67 c	13.33 d	5.41 d	23.52	22
CE-0986	0.39 c	4.33 b	49.33 b	36.67 d	11.33 d	5.31 d	-17.98	39
CE-0172	0.42 c	7.33 a	54.67 b	46.33 b	12.00 d	6.23 d	17.79	27
CE-0002	0.42 c	6.67 a	61.67 b	46.67 b	13.67 d	6.01 d	32.84	16
CE-0313	0.41 c	5.00 b	51.67 b	45.00 b	12.67 d	5.11 d	7.73	33
CE-0199	0.43 c	7.67 a	50.33 b	46.00 b	14.67 c	2.46 e	7.29	35
CE-0542	0.54 b	6.00 b	42.00 b	39.33 c	10.67 e	3.13 e	-28.14	41
CE-0244	0.59 b	5.33 b	45.33 b	39.00 c	12.67 d	7.42 c	-13.46	38
CE-0686	0.32 d	5.00 b	66.67 b	45.67 b	17.67 b	10.60 b	48.39	7
CE-0205	0.31 d	5.67 b	50.00 b	35.00 d	10.00 f	7.83 c	21.43	24
CE-0151	0.64 b	7.67 a	58.67 b	51.67 a	13.00 d	12.94 a	46.17	8
CE-0243	0.44 c	6.33 b	52.00 b	46.33 b	11.33 e	5.42 d	10.78	29
CE-1007	0.20 d	6.67 a	46.33 b	46.67 b	15.33 c	11.09 b	7.81	32
CE-0957	0.27 d	7.33 a	59.33 b	53.67 a	15.67 c	7.23 c	43.85	9
CE-0165	0.44 c	6.33 b	56.67 b	51.67 a	13.67 d	9.17 b	36.87	13
CE-0999	0.37 c	7.00 a	43.00 b	44.33 b	12.67 d	11.65 b	-4.33	37
CE-0068	0.85 a	5.67 b	55.67 b	45.00 b	13.67 d	8.60 c	21.87	23
CE-0253	0.15 d	5.33 b	53.00 b	48.67 b	14.67 c	7.63 c	21.32	25
CE-0997	0.65 b	6.33 b	65.00 b	53.00 a	14.33 c	7.06 c	56.44	3
CE-0958	0.46 c	6.33 b	60.33 b	51.00 a	14.33 c	12.33 a	49.18	6
CE-0207	0.78 a	7.00 a	41.67 b	40.00 c	13.00 d	3.31 e	-25.42	40
CE-0061	0.71 b	7.00 a	61.00 b	46.00 b	12.67 d	5.49 d	28.78	19
CE-0189	0.56 b	6.67 a	43.00 b	33.33 d	8.33 g	11.32 b	-28.35	42
CE-0248	0.45 c	8.00 a	36.33 b	34.33 d	13.33 d	8.62 c	-38.14	43
CE-0685	0.18 d	6.00 b	76.67 b	45.67 b	19.33 a	10.7 b	70.78	2
CE-0964	0.36 c	6.33 b	64.67 b	42.67 c	13.00 d	11.61 b	39.79	11
CE-0398	0.91 a	8.00 a	58.67 b	49.00 b	13.33 d	6.85 c	32.73	17
CE-0337	0.69 b	6.00 b	57.00 b	51.33 a	12.67 d	5.47 d	30.68	18
CE-0164	0.38 c	6.00 b	51.33 b	43.33 c	11.67 e	8.07 c	8.24	31
CE-0228	0.45 c	6.00 b	68.33 b	46.67 b	13.67 d	13.40 a	55.97	4
CE-0688	0.40 c	6.00 b	67.00 b	41.67 c	17.00 b	6.05 d	35.89	15
CE-0796	0.43 c	7.00 a	113.33 a	56.33 a	17.00 b	5.56 d	158.35	1
CE-0070	0.62 b	7.00 a	61.00 b	47.67 b	13.33 d	8.48 c	38.68	12
CE-0114	0.41 c	7.00 a	59.00 b	48.00 b	15.33 c	8.03 c	36.02	14
CE-0925	0.63 b	8.33 a	58.00 b	51.33 a	14.67 c	10.23 b	41.46	10
BRS Juruá	0.35 c	5.33 b	52.00 b	47.67 b	15.67 c	10.47 b	24.29	21
BRS Tumucumaque	0.20 d	5.00 b	61.67 b	40.33 c	9.67 f	13.16 a	27.74	20
BRS Guariba	0.25 d	5.33 b	54.67 b	44.00 b	13.00 d	5.23 d	10.07	30
BRS Aracê	0.29 d	5.33 b	53.00 b	48.00 b	15.67 c	6.62 c	19.27	26

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[1] * Corresponding author - E-mail: angelapessoapb@gmail.com

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Selection in cowpea genotypes for nutritional traits1 1 Research developed at Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrícolas, Horticulture Sector, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

Seleção de genótipos de feijão-caupi para caracteres nutricionais

HIGHLIGHTS:

ABSTRACT

Selection in cowpea genotypes for nutritional traits¹ 1 Research developed at Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrícolas, Horticulture Sector, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil