Avanços na propagação do coqueiro

O coqueiro (Cocos nucifera L.) é uma das mais importantes espécies tropicais utilizadas pelo homem, conhecida como “árvore da vida”. Nas últimas décadas, com a expansão das áreas de cultivo, limitações como a ocorrência de pragas, uniformidade de culturas, adaptação a diferentes ecossistemas e outras têm afetado a produção e a longevidade dos plantios. Esta revisão descreverá os principais avanços nas técnicas de propagação do coqueiro, convencionalmente, por sementes e por meio de técnicas de cultura de tecidos de plantas a partir de meados do século XX, bem como aspectos fitossanitários que devem ser considerados para mitigar a disseminação de pragas e doenças.

Termos para indexação
Cocos nucifera; mudas; micropropagação e doenças

Autoria

Ana da Silva Lédo

Researcher at Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, Aracaju-SE. Brazil. Emails: ana.ledo@embrapa.br, edson.passos@embrapa.br, humberto.fontes@embrapa.br, joana.ferreira@embrapa.br, viviane.talamini@embrapa.br Embrapa Tabuleiros CosteirosBrasilAracaju, SE, Brasil Researcher at Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, Aracaju-SE. Brazil. Emails: ana.ledo@embrapa.br, edson.passos@embrapa.br, humberto.fontes@embrapa.br, joana.ferreira@embrapa.br, viviane.talamini@embrapa.br

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4353-4788

Edson Eduardo Melo Passos

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6598-9313

Humberto Rolemberg Fontes

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2680-6905

Joana Maria Santos Ferreira

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8111-1973

Viviane Talamini

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5914-0989

Wagner A. Vendrame

Professor at Tropical Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Flórida. USA. Email: vendrame@ufl.edu University of FloridaBrasilGainesville, Florida, Brasil Professor at Tropical Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Flórida. USA. Email: vendrame@ufl.edu

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6391-7623

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figuras | Tabelas

Figuras (6)
Tabelas (1)

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Figure 1
Different parts that compose the coconut fruit (Photo: Fernando Cintra).

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Figure 2
Seedlings produced at the initial (A) and transplanting growth stages at the nursery (B). Photos: Humberto R. Fontes

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Figure 3
Sowing densities of 30, 20 and 15 seeds m-2, respectively adopted in the coconut nurseries. Photo: Humberto R. Fontes.

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Figure 4
Production of Brazilian green dwarf coconut seedlings from zygotic embryos. (A) endosperm discs; (B) zygotic embryo; (C) zygotic embryo established in liquid Y3 culture medium; (D) shoots and root emergence; (E) seedling developed at 70 days after culture establishment; (F) seedlings developed at 150 days after culture establishment; (G) seedling transferred at 210 days after culture establishment for root induction; (H) seedlings in the acclimatization phase under screen at 270 days after culture establishment. Source: adapted from Lédo et al. (2007)

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Figure 5
In vitro production and acclimatization of Makapuno coconut seedlings in Zamboanga, Philippines. A - detail of the gelatinous endosperm of the mature fruit; B and C- in vitro development of embryos; D - acclimatization in open-air nursery. Photos: Ana Lédo

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Figure 6
A-Temporal immersion bioreactors installed at TREC, University of Florida, under LED-type light; B - System control board (Photos: Wagner Vendrame).

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Table 1
Major advances in the application of plant tissue culture techniques (TCP) in coconut propagation from 1950.

Figure 1 Different parts that compose the coconut fruit (Photo: Fernando Cintra).

Figure 2 Seedlings produced at the initial (A) and transplanting growth stages at the nursery (B). Photos: Humberto R. Fontes

Figure 3 Sowing densities of 30, 20 and 15 seeds m-2, respectively adopted in the coconut nurseries. Photo: Humberto R. Fontes.

Figure 4 Production of Brazilian green dwarf coconut seedlings from zygotic embryos. (A) endosperm discs; (B) zygotic embryo; (C) zygotic embryo established in liquid Y3 culture medium; (D) shoots and root emergence; (E) seedling developed at 70 days after culture establishment; (F) seedlings developed at 150 days after culture establishment; (G) seedling transferred at 210 days after culture establishment for root induction; (H) seedlings in the acclimatization phase under screen at 270 days after culture establishment. Source: adapted from Lédo et al. (2007)

Figure 5 In vitro production and acclimatization of Makapuno coconut seedlings in Zamboanga, Philippines. A - detail of the gelatinous endosperm of the mature fruit; B and C- in vitro development of embryos; D - acclimatization in open-air nursery. Photos: Ana Lédo

Figure 6 A-Temporal immersion bioreactors installed at TREC, University of Florida, under LED-type light; B - System control board (Photos: Wagner Vendrame).

Table 1 Major advances in the application of plant tissue culture techniques (TCP) in coconut propagation from 1950.

Advance/Technique	Cultivar	Reference
First study with in vitro ZE culture	-	Cutter and Wilson (1954)
Establishment of in vitro protocol culture of EZ with plant regeneration	Makapuno	De Guzman and Del Rosário (1964)
Establishment of Y3 basal medium for in vitro coconut cultivation	Malayan Dwarf	Eeuwens (1976)
ES derived from non-zygotic tissue calluses	-	Branton and Blake (1983)
ES in anther culture	Laguna Tall	Thanh-Tuyen and De Guzman (1983)
First histological studies of SE on immature inflorescence and leaves	YMD PB 121 Hybrid	Verdeil et al. (1990)
Establishment of the first reproducible cloning protocol of three cultivars by SE in immature inflorescence	PB 121, PB 111 Hybrids, YMD	Verdeil et al. (1994)
Improvement of the in vitro ZE culture	Makapuno	Rillo (1998)
Significant increase in SE yield	GMD	Pérez-Núñez et al. (2006)
Studies on the expression of the CnSERK genes, in the SE of plumules	Malayan Dwarf	Pérez-Nunez et al. (2009)
Simultaneous application of suspension culture step, spermine (0.01 µM), SSW (10 %) and high auxin concentration (500 µM).	-	Antonova (2009)
Studies on the expression of CnCDKA and KNOTTED genes in the SE of plumules	Malayan Dwarf	Montero-Cortes et al. (2010)
Acclimatization of seedlings from ZE in plastic tent and wet chamber	Laguna Tall	Magdalita et al. (2010)
Use of lauric acid in ZE culture	Malayan Dwarf	Lopez-Villalobos et al.( 2011)
Use of photoautotrophy and CO₂ modified atmosphere for seedling growth	YMD	Samosir and Adkins (2014)

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Avanços na propagação do coqueiro

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