OBJECTIVE: To identify the roots of physical therapy in Minas Gerais, in order to understand the professionalization process and the development of identity among physiotherapists in this state, based on a qualitative approach, oral histories and analysis of documents. METHODS: The focus of this study was primarily Belo Horizonte between 1950 and 1980. The theoretical reference point utilized was the sociology of professions and the five steps towards professionalization described by Wilensky (1964) were taken as the guide. These were: the need for exclusive dedication to the profession; the establishment of education and selection procedures; the creation of a professional association; professional regulation; and the adoption of a code of ethics. A survey was conducted, utilizing semi-structured interviews to gather statements from key leaders, based on serial sampling and content analysis. RESULTS: It was found that the process of professionalization within physical therapy in Minas Gerais was influenced by medical hegemony within the health field. Lack of definition regarding functions and competencies were factors that had led to both internal and external conflicts. CONCLUSIONS: To ensure effective affirmation of physical therapy as a profession, it is necessary to define the specific limits of its knowledge and skills (theoretical and practical), so as to better identify the role of the physiotherapist within multidisciplinary health teams.
physical therapy; history of physical therapy; oral history; professionalization