ABSTRACT
Objectives:
to map the educational actions conducted with primary health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods:
a scoping review conducted in August 2023, which covered databases such as CINAHL, Medline, LILACS, IBECS, BDENF, and Web of Science. In total, 32 publications were analyzed through content analysis.
Results:
the primary beneficiaries of the educational actions included 69% physicians, 56% nurses, 25% pharmacists, 13% social workers and dentists, 9% psychologists, community health agents, and laboratory professionals, and 6% nursing technicians, nutritionists, and physical educators. The predominant educational interventions were training sessions (mentioned in 19 publications), followed by Continuing Health Education (10 publications) and Continuing Education (three publications).
Final Considerations:
the educational interventions demonstrated positive impacts on professional practice, particularly the Continuing Health Education actions, which were notable for stimulating critical problem-solving among professionals.
Descriptors:
Education, Continuing; Health Personnel; Primary Health Care; COVID-19; Pandemics
RESUMEN
Objetivos:
mapear las acciones educativas realizadas con los profesionales de la salud de la Atención Primaria durante la pandemia de COVID-19.
Métodos:
revisión de alcance desarrollada en agosto de 2023, que abarcó las bases de datos CINAHL, Medline, LILACS, IBECS, BDENF y Web of Science. En total, se analizaron 32 publicaciones mediante análisis de contenido.
Resultados:
los principales beneficiarios de las acciones educativas incluyeron un 69% de médicos, un 56% de enfermeros, un 25% de farmacéuticos, un 13% de trabajadores sociales y dentistas, un 9% de psicólogos, agentes comunitarios de salud y profesionales de laboratorio, y un 6% de técnicos de enfermería, nutricionistas y educadores físicos. Las intervenciones educativas predominantes fueron los entrenamientos (mencionados en 19 publicaciones), seguidos por la Educación Permanente en Salud (10 publicaciones) y la Educación Continua (tres publicaciones).
Consideraciones Finales:
las intervenciones educativas demostraron impactos positivos en la práctica profesional, especialmente las acciones de Educación Permanente en Salud, que se destacaron por estimular la problematización crítica entre los profesionales.
Descriptores:
Educación Continua; Personal de Salud; Atención Primaria de Salud; COVID-19; Pandemias
RESUMO
Objetivos:
mapear as ações educativas realizadas com os profissionais de saúde da Atenção Primária durante a pandemia da COVID-19.
Métodos:
revisão de escopo desenvolvida em agosto de 2023, abrangendo as bases CINAHL, Medline, LILACS, IBECS, BDENF e Web of Science. Ao todo, 32 publicações foram analisadas por meio de análise de conteúdo.
Resultados:
Os principais beneficiários das ações educativas incluíram 69% de médicos, 56% de enfermeiros, 25% de farmacêuticos, 13% de assistentes sociais e dentistas, 9% de psicólogos, agentes comunitários de saúde e profissionais de laboratório, e 6% de técnicos de enfermagem, nutricionistas e educadores físicos. As intervenções educacionais predominantes foram treinamentos (mencionados em 19 publicações), seguidas por Educação Permanente em Saúde (10 publicações) e Educação Continuada (três publicações).
Considerações Finais:
As intervenções educativas demonstraram impactos positivos na prática profissional, especialmente as ações de Educação Permanente em Saúde, que se destacaram por estimular a problematização crítica entre os profissionais.
Descritores:
Educação Continuada; Profissionais de Saúde; Atenção Primária; COVID-19; Pandemia
INTRODUCTION
Knowledge and expertise are continually updated in the healthcare field. To provide appropriate care, professionals need ongoing training that enhances skills for critical reasoning in their professional practice(11 Frenk J, Chen LC, Chandran L, Groff EOH, King R, Meleis A, et al. Challenges and opportunities for educating health professionals after the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet. 2022;400(10362):1539-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02092-X
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02...
). Professional competence is understood as a combination of knowledge, skills, and attitudes, developed to function in specific contexts and acquired through ongoing training(22 Zarifian P. Objetivo competência: por uma nova lógica. São Paulo: Atlas; 2012. p. 197.).
The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes the necessity of investing in continuous training for professionals to improve the healthcare sector. It emphasizes the importance of process technology, which translates into knowledge and skills applied in the daily routines of professionals. To promote continuous development, it is essential to initiate educational actions that align with the demands of individuals and services, employ effective methods that meet the expectations of the subjects, and ensure access to suitable infrastructure, equipment, and tools(33 World Health Organization (WHO). State of the World’s Nursing Report[Internet]. 2020[cited 2023 May 23]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240003279
https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/...
).
The global experience of the COVID-19 pandemic has vividly demonstrated the need for continuous professional training, especially during periods of uncertainty and high infection risk. This period led to increased hiring of healthcare personnel, including newly graduated and inexperienced professionals across various sectors, making work-oriented education even more vital to ensure the quality and safety of care(33 World Health Organization (WHO). State of the World’s Nursing Report[Internet]. 2020[cited 2023 May 23]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240003279
https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/...
).
In Primary Health Care (PHC), which is crucial in communities and often serves as the first point of contact for healthcare services, continuous professional training is essential to meet the needs of territories, individuals, and communities(44 Keppel G, Cole AM, Ramsbottom M, Nagpal S, Hornecker J, Thomson C, et al. Early Response of Primary Care Practices to COVID-19 Pandemic. J Prim Care Community Health. 2022;13:215013192210853. https://doi.org/10.1177/21501319221085374
https://doi.org/10.1177/2150131922108537...
). PHC strives to provide universal, continuous, comprehensive, and equitable care, facilitating access and prioritizing health promotion, disease prevention, and the treatment of prevalent diseases(55 Ferreira L, Barbosa JSA, Esposti CDD, Cruz MM. Educação Permanente em Saúde na atenção primária: uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Saúde Debate. 2019;43(120):223-39. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-1104201912017
https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-11042019120...
).
Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, with the urgent need for updates due to changing protocols and guidelines frequently redefined by the WHO, countries have invested in educational initiatives for PHC professionals(66 Xu Z, Ye Y, Wang Y, Qian Y, Pan J, Lu Y, et al. Primary Care Practitioners’ Barriers to and Experience of COVID-19 Epidemic Control in China: a qualitative study. J Gen Intern Med. 2020;35(11):3278-84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-06107-3
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-06107...
, 77 Odusanya OO, Adeniran A, Bakare OQ, Odugbemi BA, Enikuomehin OA, Jeje OO, et al. Building capacity of primary health care workers and clients on COVID-19: results from a web-based training. PLoS One. 2022;17(10):e0274750. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274750
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.027...
). Resources such as simulation-based education(88 Chaplin T, McColl T, Petrosoniak A, Hall AK. “Building the plane as you fly”: Simulation during the COVID-19 pandemic. CJEM. 2020;22(5):576-8. https://doi.org/10.1017/cem.2020.398
https://doi.org/10.1017/cem.2020.398...
), health literacy(99 Silva VM, Brasil VV, Moraes KL, Magalhães JPR. Letramento em saúde dos profissionais de um Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde. Rev Eletron Enferm. 2020;22. https://doi.org/10.5216/ree.v22.62315
https://doi.org/10.5216/ree.v22.62315...
), counseling, monitoring, and training(1010 Silva B, Adzic ZO, Bussche PV, Poel EV, Seifert B, Heaster C, et al. Safety Culture and the Positive Association of Being a Primary Care Training Practice during COVID-19: the results of the multi-country European PRICOV-19 Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(17):10515. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710515
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710515...
), as well as the use of mobile electronic devices with internet access and experience sharing, have proven effective in educational efforts for these professionals(1010 Silva B, Adzic ZO, Bussche PV, Poel EV, Seifert B, Heaster C, et al. Safety Culture and the Positive Association of Being a Primary Care Training Practice during COVID-19: the results of the multi-country European PRICOV-19 Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(17):10515. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710515
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710515...
).
In Brazil, Permanent Health Education (PHE) actions are governed by the National Policy of Permanent Health Education (PNEPS), established in 2004. A core element of this policy is on-the-job learning, integrating learning and teaching into the daily operations of organizations. PHE serves as a tool to transform work practices, and its activities must pinpoint the learning needs of professionals based on and for their work(1111 Ministério da Saúde (BR). Política Nacional de Educação Permanente em Saúde: o que se tem produzido para o seu fortalecimento? Departamento de Gestão da Educação na Saúde. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde [Internet]. 2018[cited 2023 May 21]. Available from: http://conselho.saude.gov.br/livros-publicacoes/2978-politica-nacional-de-educacao-permanente-em-saude-o-que-se-tem-produzido-para-o-seu-fortalecimento
http://conselho.saude.gov.br/livros-publ...
). From this perspective, digital platforms have been recognized as essential for the ongoing training of PHC workers, aiming to facilitate interprofessional communication in training processes during the pandemic(1010 Silva B, Adzic ZO, Bussche PV, Poel EV, Seifert B, Heaster C, et al. Safety Culture and the Positive Association of Being a Primary Care Training Practice during COVID-19: the results of the multi-country European PRICOV-19 Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(17):10515. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710515
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710515...
).
However, the process of on-the-job learning presents challenges that negatively impact the implementation of PHE, such as the underfunding of research expenses, work overload, long working hours, limited management involvement, low adherence of professionals to learning activities, a technicist culture in education, and bureaucracy(1212 Oliveira IKP, Castro LGF, Sousa BS, Batista JFC. Educação permanente em saúde: desafios e aplicabilidade. CGCBS [Internet]. 2021[cited 2023 May 23];7(1):82–102. Available from: https://periodicos.set.edu.br/cadernobiologicas/article/view/10243
https://periodicos.set.edu.br/cadernobio...
). Additionally, there are challenges related to the appreciation of formative initiatives that make teaching more flexible and responsive to the emerging needs of the workplace, as it is impractical to consider the development of workers’ skills apart from praxis. Thus, the teaching-learning process for professionals should aim to move beyond the logic of technical rationality towards a perspective that values individual experiences and the real challenges of territories and work scenarios(1313 Lopes OCA, Henriques SH, Soares MI, Celestino LC, Leal LA. Competências dos enfermeiros na estratégia Saúde da Família. Esc Anna Nery. 2020;24. https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2019-0145
https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-20...
).
In light of the need for continuous training, which should be integrated into the daily routine of health services, and the challenges of its implementation, the guiding question of this study arises: “What evidence is available in the literature on educational actions carried out with PHC professionals for the development of professional competence during the COVID-19 pandemic?”. This study is justified by the need to map educational actions undertaken to develop professional competencies in PHC during the pandemic and to analyze whether these actions were effective in developing the necessary skills for professionals.
To assess the feasibility of conducting this review, a preliminary search was performed in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) and the National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (PubMed). No review studies addressing this theme were identified, due to its recent context, which is rooted in the COVID-19 health crisis. The dissemination of lessons learned can contribute to better preparation of PHC professionals for future crises.
It is also emphasized that more studies are needed in the field of work-based education, due to the scarcity of literature on the topic, with the aim of filling this knowledge gap(1414 Rodrigues R, Cardinali DJM. A COVID-19 na Atenção Primária à Saúde: mais um desafio. HRJ. 2021;2(9):3–10. https://doi.org/10.51723/hrj.v2i9.160
https://doi.org/10.51723/hrj.v2i9.160...
) concerning educational actions in the workplace. It is hoped that the formative experiences provided by the COVID-19 pandemic will enhance understanding of the potentialities and weaknesses in work-based training and, from this, lead to improvements in the educational actions developed in this context. In the case of Brazil, the results of this study may provide new insights that assist in the operationalization and enhancement of PNEPS. Furthermore, the review aims to contribute to the sharing and dissemination of successful formative experiences in the health field.
OBJECTIVES
To map the educational actions undertaken with primary healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS
Ethical Aspects
Given the nature of a scoping review, this study was not submitted for review to an ethics committee.
Type of Study
This is a scoping review conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Manual for Evidence Synthesis(1515 Peters MDJ, Godfrey C, McInerney P, Munn Z, Tricco AC, Khalil H. Capítulo 11: Revisões do escopo. Versão 2020. In: Aromataris E, Munn Z. JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2023 Jun 15]. Available from: https://jbi-global-wiki.refined.site/space/MANUAL
https://jbi-global-wiki.refined.site/spa...
) and the international PRISMA-ScR guide(1616 Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, O’Brien KK, Colquhoun H, Levac D, et al. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(7):467-73. https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-0850
https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-0850...
). The review protocol was registered on the Open Science Framework (OSF) (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/4AG7S)). Scoping reviews are utilized to map concepts or topics across various knowledge areas, aiming to identify and clarify existing gaps.
They are particularly useful for compiling evidence from diverse and heterogeneous sources(1515 Peters MDJ, Godfrey C, McInerney P, Munn Z, Tricco AC, Khalil H. Capítulo 11: Revisões do escopo. Versão 2020. In: Aromataris E, Munn Z. JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2023 Jun 15]. Available from: https://jbi-global-wiki.refined.site/space/MANUAL
https://jbi-global-wiki.refined.site/spa...
). According to the JBI manual (15), the review was executed in nine stages: (1) Development of the title, objective, and research question; (2) Definition of inclusion criteria aligned with the objective and research question; (3) Development of the research strategy; (4) Data collection; (5) Selection of identified studies; (6) Organization of selected studies; (7) Data analysis; (8) Presentation of results; (9) Summary of conclusions.
The PCC (Population, Concept, and Context) strategy was used to formulate the review question: P: Primary Health Care professionals; C: educational actions performed for the development of professional competence; C: context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The guiding question formulated was: “What evidence is available in the literature on educational actions carried out with PHC professionals for the development of professional competence during the COVID-19 pandemic?”.
Data Collection and Organization
The search was conducted on August 28, 2023, across the following electronic databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), via PubMed; Spanish Bibliographic Index in Health Sciences (IBECS), Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), Nursing Database (BDENF), via Virtual Health Library (BVS); Institute for Scientific Information (Web of Science), and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), accessed through the CAPES Periodicals Portal, using identification from the Federated Academic Community (CAFe). The search strategy was developed using descriptors and synonyms registered in the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), including “Education, Continuing”, “Professional Training”, “Health Human Resource Training”, “Health Personnel”, “Primary Health Care”, “Community Health Services”; “COVID-19” (Chart 1).
Search Strategy
A search strategy was employed for the LILACS, IBECS, and BDENF databases, given that these databases are integrated into a single library system, the BVS (Virtual Health Library). All strategies were developed with the assistance of a librarian. The following inclusion criteria were applied: all publications addressing the topic of educational actions for PHC professionals during the pandemic period, with no restrictions on publication period or language. Studies whose titles and abstracts did not meet the population, concept, and context requirements were initially excluded; the studies selected for full reading were evaluated against the same criteria, and those that did not meet them were excluded, as per the protocol designed for this review.
The first stage of the review involved searches in the databases using the strategies defined for each database. The results were exported to Microsoft Excel and later to EndNote, where duplicates were identified and removed. Titles and abstracts were then reviewed. In the second stage, the full texts of the articles selected in the first stage were read. Data collected from the full-text reading were organized using a tool with the items proposed by the JBI (1515 Peters MDJ, Godfrey C, McInerney P, Munn Z, Tricco AC, Khalil H. Capítulo 11: Revisões do escopo. Versão 2020. In: Aromataris E, Munn Z. JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2023 Jun 15]. Available from: https://jbi-global-wiki.refined.site/space/MANUAL
https://jbi-global-wiki.refined.site/spa...
), which includes identification of the article, year and location of the study, context, participants, methodological characteristics, assessment of methodological rigor, and discussions about the thematic focus of this review.
Variables included about the thematic focus of this review were: type of educational action, formative need, topics discussed, tools used, and main results. Eligible studies were summarized by two researchers independently. Any discrepancies that arose between reviewers were resolved through discussion with a third reviewer. Information extracted from the publications was tabulated for the descriptive synthesis of the data.
Data Analysis
The final sample of articles was subjected to content analysis. Initially, the educational actions described in the publications for PHC professionals were identified. After this initial identification, codes were created to characterize the teaching methodology used, a structuring element for the educational action, as it can provide favorable or unfavorable conditions for the development of competencies. Publications were then coded. Independent coding was carried out by two researchers. The described analysis process was conducted with the support of MaxQDA software, version 2022.
RESULTS
The database search identified 1,002 publications for screening, of which 43 were duplicates. Of the remaining 959 abstracts, 868 were excluded for not meeting the study’s objectives. Of the 91 full texts assessed for eligibility, a total of 59 studies were excluded because they did not present educational actions for the development of professional competencies in PHC. Overall, 32 studies were included as the final result of the investigation, comprising 29 articles in scientific journals, one dissertation, and two books found in the grey literature. The selection of articles was presented in the PRISMA-ScR flowchart(1616 Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, O’Brien KK, Colquhoun H, Levac D, et al. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(7):467-73. https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-0850
https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-0850...
), Figure 1.
The 32 publications included in this review are presented in Chart 2, with the identification code, study reference, origin, type of study, level of evidence, and degree of recommendation according to the JBI Levels of Evidence for Effectiveness(1717 JBI EBP Database. Ovid Database Guide [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Jun 15]. Available from: https://ospguides.ovid.com/OSPguides/jbidb.htm
https://ospguides.ovid.com/OSPguides/jbi...
) and population. The levels of evidence are determined by the type of study: 1 - experimental studies having the highest level of evidence, followed by 2 - quasi-experimental studies; 3 - analytical observational studies; 4 - descriptive and observational studies; and 5 - expert opinion studies and bench research, which have the lowest. The degree of recommendation, on the other hand, is related to the relevance and the method used to develop each type of study, identified with letters (a, b, c, d).
The type of study varied: 41% were experience repo rts(1818 Santos AB, Moreno Neto JL. A supervisão acadêmica no Projeto Mais Médicos pelo Brasil antes e durante a pandemia: o que aprendemos? Rev Baiana Saúde Pública. 2022;46(1):171–83. https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022.v46.n1.a3588
https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022....
19 Carvalho DJG, Oliveira PS, Silva AO, Cordeiro MC, Souza TN, Neto EC, et al. Atuação dos residentes multiprofissionais em saúde da família na capacitação de agentes comunitários de saúde: relato de experiência. Rev Ciênc Plur. 2021 Oct 29;8(1):e25324. https://doi.org/10.21680/2446-7286.2022v8n1ID25324
https://doi.org/10.21680/2446-7286.2022v...
-2020 Schweickardt JC, Ferla AA, Lemos SM, Oliveira R, Reis A. Pandemia e transformações sociais na Amazônia: percursos de uma pesquisa em ato [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 Aug 10]. 282 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/pandemia-e-transformacoes-sociais-na-amazonia-percursos-de-uma-pesquisa-em-ato/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
,2222 Cavalcanti AO, Santana DD. Potencialidades e fragilidades da supervisão acadêmica no cenário da pandemia do Covid-19: relato de experiência. Rev Baiana Saúde Pública. 2022;46(1):294–303. https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022.v46.n1.a3574
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23 Teixeira MB, Brandão AL, Casanova A. Saberes e práticas na Atenção Primária à Saúde em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19: a experiência da residência multiprofissional em saúde da família [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 May 24]. 189 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/saberes-e-praticas-na-atencao-primaria-a-saude-em-tempos-de-pandemia-da-covid-19-a-experiencia-da-residencia-multiprofissional-em-saude-da-familia/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
-2424 Santos S, Dantas M, Cavalcanti D, Motta M, Natalie R. Atuação na residência em Saúde da Família no contexto da COVID-19. Rev ABENO. 2022;22(2):1659-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.30979/revabeno.v22i2.1659
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,2929 Steeves-Reece A, Elder NC, Graham TA, Wolf M, Stock I, Davis MM, et al. Rapid deployment of a statewide COVID-19 ECHO program for frontline clinicians: early results and lessons learned. J Rural Health. 2021;37(1):227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12462
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,3333 NasrAllah MS, Tawfik H, Aseel MT. Medicine Residency Training Program during COVID-19: Qatari Experience. Pan Afr Med J. 2020;35(Suppl 2):126. http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.2020.35.25005
http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.202...
-3434 Katzman JG, Tomedi LE, Thornton K, Menking P, Stanton M, Sosa N, et al. Innovative COVID-19 Programs to Rapidly Serve New Mexico. Public Health Reports. 2020;136(1):39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354920969180
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,3737 Bidwell S, Kennedy L, Burke M, Collier L, Hudson B. Continuing professional development in the COVID-19 era: evolution of the Pegasus Health Small Group model. J Prim Health Care. 2022;14(3):268-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/HC21145
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-3838 Harris P, Kirkland R, Masanja S, Le Feuvre P, Montgomery S, Ansbro É, et al. Strengthening the primary care workforce to deliver high-quality care for non-communicable diseases in refugee settings: lessons learnt from a UNHCR partnership. BMJ Glob Health. 2022;7(Suppl 5):e007334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007334
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,4545 Peña-Galbán LY, Hernández-Agüero M. Enfrentamiento a la COVID-19 desde la Atención Primaria de Salud de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias. Arch Méd Camagüey [Internet]. 2022[cited 2023 Aug 24];26:e9147. Available from: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1025-02552022000100058&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en
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-4646 Veras ICG, Nascimento LPS, Fernandez CHP, Costa CM. Oximetria de pulso na atenção básica: produção de conteúdo digital na pandemia de Covid-19. Rev Baiana saúde pública. 2021;45(Esp. 2):70-79. https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2021.v45.NEspecial_2.a3273
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); 31% were cross-sectional studies(2525 Iheanacho T, Stefanovics E, Okoro UG, Anyaehie UE, Njoku PO, Adimekwe AI, et al. Assessing knowledge, attitude, practice and training related to COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey of frontline healthcare workers in Nigeria. BMJ Open. 2021;11(9):e050138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050138
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,2727 Albahri AH, Alnaqbi SA, Alnaqbi SA, Alshaali AO, Shahdoor SM. Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 among healthcare workers in primary healthcare centers in Dubai: a cross-sectional survey. Front Public Health. 2021;9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.617679
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-2828 Sumiya A, Pavesi E, Tenani CF, Almeida CPB, Macêdo JA, Checchi MHR, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary health care professionals in coping with COVID-19 in Brazil: a cross-sectional study. Rev Bras Medicina Trab. 2021;19(03):274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-2021-775
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,3232 Lau J, Tan DHY, Wong GJ, Lew YJ, Chua YX, Low LL, et al. Prepared and highly committed despite the risk of COVID-19 infection: a cross-sectional survey of primary care physicians’ concerns and coping strategies in Singapore. BMC Fam Pract. 2021;22(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-01370-7
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,3939 Lau J, Tan DHY, Wong GJ, Lew YJ, Chua YX, Low LL, et al. The impact of COVID-19 on private and public primary care physicians: a cross-sectional study. J Infect Public Health. 2021;14(3):285-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.12.028
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40 Çevik H, Ungan M. The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and residency training of family medicine residents: findings from a nationwide cross-sectional survey in Turkey. BMC Fam Pract. 2021;22(1):226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-01576-9
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-015...
41 Adánez-Martínez MG, Jiménez-Ruiz I, Carrillo-García C, Díaz-Agea JL, Ramos-Morcillo AJ, Molina-Rodríguez A, et al. Telephone-Based Structured Communication Simulation Program for the Follow-Up of COVID-19 Cases and Contacts in Primary Care. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(7):3915. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073915
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073915...
42 Alzahrani ML. Hakeem A, Talmesany T. Knowledge of the primary healthcare physicians in the Al-Baha Region about COVID-19 personal protective measures. J Fam Med Prim Care Rev. 2022;11(8):4536-44. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_181_22
https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_181_...
-4343 Bury G, Smith SM, Kelly MT, Bradley CP, Howard WR, Egan M. COVID-19 community assessment hubs in Ireland: the experience of clinicians. Ir J Med Sci. 2021;190(2):475-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-020-02381-6
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-020-02381...
,4747 Al-Khaldi YM, Al-Asmari BA, Al-Mosa KM, Falqi TA, Aldawood KM, AlAseeri KAZ, et al. Preparedness of Primary Care Centers for COVID-19 epidemic in Aseer region, KSA. J Family Med Prim Care. 2022;11(10):6303-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_707_22
https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_707_...
); 10% were case studies(2121 Silva CVSR. O processo de planejamento de uma proposta de intervenção educativa utilizando a Caderneta da Criança como ferramenta pedagógica para a qualificação profissional na Atenção Primária[Dissertação] [Internet]. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. 2022 [cited 2023 May 24]. 127 p. Available from: https://www.bdtd.uerj.br:8443/handle/1/18547
https://www.bdtd.uerj.br:8443/handle/1/1...
,3030 Jenkins C, Diffin J, McTernaghan T, Watson M, Fleming K. The perceived impact of project ECHO networks in Northern Ireland for health and social care providers, patients, and the health system: A qualitative analysis. Health Informatics J. 2022;28(4):146045822211354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14604582221135431
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14604582221135...
,4848 Toledo-Ortiz R, González-Rojas JM, Molina-Vallejo LE, Mendoza-Velásquez JJ, Romero-Casillas Y, Cano-Collado LA, et al. Desarrollo de la estrategia educativa del INSABI: una lección aprendida a partir de la epidemia de COVID-19. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 2023 [cited 2023 aug 24]; 61(3):386-98. Available from: http://revistamedica.imss.gob.mx/editorial/index.php/revista_medica/article/view/4902/4589
http://revistamedica.imss.gob.mx/editori...
); 3% were quasi-experimental(77 Odusanya OO, Adeniran A, Bakare OQ, Odugbemi BA, Enikuomehin OA, Jeje OO, et al. Building capacity of primary health care workers and clients on COVID-19: results from a web-based training. PLoS One. 2022;17(10):e0274750. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274750
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.027...
); 3% were systematic integrative reviews(3535 Azimirad M, Paloniitty R, Papathanasiou IV, Aleo G, Catania G, Pozzi F, et al. Examining family and community nurses’ core competencies in continuing education programs offered in primary health care settings: an integrative literature review. Nurse Educ Pract. 2023;67:103561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103561
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.10...
); 3% were exploratory studies(2626 Moura MSS, Silva RKS, Mendes PM, Sousa ASJ, Carvalho Neto FJ. Conhecimento e uso de equipamentos de proteção individual por profissionais de enfermagem durante pandemia da Covid-19. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2021;55:e20210125–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2021-0125
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-220X-REEU...
); 3% were mixed methods studies(3131 Phiri MM, MacPherson EE, Panulo M, Chidziwisano K, Kalua K, Chirambo CM, et al. Preparedness for and impact of COVID-19 on primary health care delivery in urban and rural Malawi: a mixed methods study. BMJ Open. 2022;12(6):e051125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051125
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-0...
); 3% were feasibility studies(3636 Downie A, Mashanya T, Chipwaza B, Griffiths F, Harris B, Kalolo A, et al. Remote primary healthcare consulting in low- and middle-income countries: feasibility study of an online training program to support care delivery during the COVID-19 Pandemic. JMIR Form Res. 2021;6(6) e32964. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/32964
http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/32964...
); and 3% were pilot studies(4444 Klein K, Roberti J, Rouvier M, Belizan M, Cafferata ML, Berrueta AM, et al. Design and feasibility of an implementation strategy to address Chagas guidelines engagement focused on attending women of childbearing age and children at the primary healthcare level in Argentina: a pilot study. BMC Prim Care. 2022;23:277. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-022-01886-6
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-022-01886...
). Regarding the publication year, 3% of the studies were published in 2020(3333 NasrAllah MS, Tawfik H, Aseel MT. Medicine Residency Training Program during COVID-19: Qatari Experience. Pan Afr Med J. 2020;35(Suppl 2):126. http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.2020.35.25005
http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.202...
); 35% in 2021(2525 Iheanacho T, Stefanovics E, Okoro UG, Anyaehie UE, Njoku PO, Adimekwe AI, et al. Assessing knowledge, attitude, practice and training related to COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey of frontline healthcare workers in Nigeria. BMJ Open. 2021;11(9):e050138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050138
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-0...
26 Moura MSS, Silva RKS, Mendes PM, Sousa ASJ, Carvalho Neto FJ. Conhecimento e uso de equipamentos de proteção individual por profissionais de enfermagem durante pandemia da Covid-19. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2021;55:e20210125–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2021-0125
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-220X-REEU...
27 Albahri AH, Alnaqbi SA, Alnaqbi SA, Alshaali AO, Shahdoor SM. Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 among healthcare workers in primary healthcare centers in Dubai: a cross-sectional survey. Front Public Health. 2021;9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.617679
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.617...
28 Sumiya A, Pavesi E, Tenani CF, Almeida CPB, Macêdo JA, Checchi MHR, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary health care professionals in coping with COVID-19 in Brazil: a cross-sectional study. Rev Bras Medicina Trab. 2021;19(03):274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-2021-775
http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-202...
-2929 Steeves-Reece A, Elder NC, Graham TA, Wolf M, Stock I, Davis MM, et al. Rapid deployment of a statewide COVID-19 ECHO program for frontline clinicians: early results and lessons learned. J Rural Health. 2021;37(1):227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12462
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12462...
,3232 Lau J, Tan DHY, Wong GJ, Lew YJ, Chua YX, Low LL, et al. Prepared and highly committed despite the risk of COVID-19 infection: a cross-sectional survey of primary care physicians’ concerns and coping strategies in Singapore. BMC Fam Pract. 2021;22(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-01370-7
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-013...
,3434 Katzman JG, Tomedi LE, Thornton K, Menking P, Stanton M, Sosa N, et al. Innovative COVID-19 Programs to Rapidly Serve New Mexico. Public Health Reports. 2020;136(1):39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354920969180
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00333549209691...
,3939 Lau J, Tan DHY, Wong GJ, Lew YJ, Chua YX, Low LL, et al. The impact of COVID-19 on private and public primary care physicians: a cross-sectional study. J Infect Public Health. 2021;14(3):285-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.12.028
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.12...
-4040 Çevik H, Ungan M. The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and residency training of family medicine residents: findings from a nationwide cross-sectional survey in Turkey. BMC Fam Pract. 2021;22(1):226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-01576-9
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-015...
,4343 Bury G, Smith SM, Kelly MT, Bradley CP, Howard WR, Egan M. COVID-19 community assessment hubs in Ireland: the experience of clinicians. Ir J Med Sci. 2021;190(2):475-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-020-02381-6
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-020-02381...
,4646 Veras ICG, Nascimento LPS, Fernandez CHP, Costa CM. Oximetria de pulso na atenção básica: produção de conteúdo digital na pandemia de Covid-19. Rev Baiana saúde pública. 2021;45(Esp. 2):70-79. https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2021.v45.NEspecial_2.a3273
https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2021....
); 56% in 2022(77 Odusanya OO, Adeniran A, Bakare OQ, Odugbemi BA, Enikuomehin OA, Jeje OO, et al. Building capacity of primary health care workers and clients on COVID-19: results from a web-based training. PLoS One. 2022;17(10):e0274750. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274750
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.027...
,1818 Santos AB, Moreno Neto JL. A supervisão acadêmica no Projeto Mais Médicos pelo Brasil antes e durante a pandemia: o que aprendemos? Rev Baiana Saúde Pública. 2022;46(1):171–83. https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022.v46.n1.a3588
https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022....
19 Carvalho DJG, Oliveira PS, Silva AO, Cordeiro MC, Souza TN, Neto EC, et al. Atuação dos residentes multiprofissionais em saúde da família na capacitação de agentes comunitários de saúde: relato de experiência. Rev Ciênc Plur. 2021 Oct 29;8(1):e25324. https://doi.org/10.21680/2446-7286.2022v8n1ID25324
https://doi.org/10.21680/2446-7286.2022v...
20 Schweickardt JC, Ferla AA, Lemos SM, Oliveira R, Reis A. Pandemia e transformações sociais na Amazônia: percursos de uma pesquisa em ato [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 Aug 10]. 282 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/pandemia-e-transformacoes-sociais-na-amazonia-percursos-de-uma-pesquisa-em-ato/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
21 Silva CVSR. O processo de planejamento de uma proposta de intervenção educativa utilizando a Caderneta da Criança como ferramenta pedagógica para a qualificação profissional na Atenção Primária[Dissertação] [Internet]. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. 2022 [cited 2023 May 24]. 127 p. Available from: https://www.bdtd.uerj.br:8443/handle/1/18547
https://www.bdtd.uerj.br:8443/handle/1/1...
22 Cavalcanti AO, Santana DD. Potencialidades e fragilidades da supervisão acadêmica no cenário da pandemia do Covid-19: relato de experiência. Rev Baiana Saúde Pública. 2022;46(1):294–303. https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022.v46.n1.a3574
https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022....
23 Teixeira MB, Brandão AL, Casanova A. Saberes e práticas na Atenção Primária à Saúde em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19: a experiência da residência multiprofissional em saúde da família [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 May 24]. 189 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/saberes-e-praticas-na-atencao-primaria-a-saude-em-tempos-de-pandemia-da-covid-19-a-experiencia-da-residencia-multiprofissional-em-saude-da-familia/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
-2424 Santos S, Dantas M, Cavalcanti D, Motta M, Natalie R. Atuação na residência em Saúde da Família no contexto da COVID-19. Rev ABENO. 2022;22(2):1659-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.30979/revabeno.v22i2.1659
http://dx.doi.org/10.30979/revabeno.v22i...
,3030 Jenkins C, Diffin J, McTernaghan T, Watson M, Fleming K. The perceived impact of project ECHO networks in Northern Ireland for health and social care providers, patients, and the health system: A qualitative analysis. Health Informatics J. 2022;28(4):146045822211354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14604582221135431
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14604582221135...
-3131 Phiri MM, MacPherson EE, Panulo M, Chidziwisano K, Kalua K, Chirambo CM, et al. Preparedness for and impact of COVID-19 on primary health care delivery in urban and rural Malawi: a mixed methods study. BMJ Open. 2022;12(6):e051125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051125
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-0...
,3636 Downie A, Mashanya T, Chipwaza B, Griffiths F, Harris B, Kalolo A, et al. Remote primary healthcare consulting in low- and middle-income countries: feasibility study of an online training program to support care delivery during the COVID-19 Pandemic. JMIR Form Res. 2021;6(6) e32964. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/32964
http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/32964...
37 Bidwell S, Kennedy L, Burke M, Collier L, Hudson B. Continuing professional development in the COVID-19 era: evolution of the Pegasus Health Small Group model. J Prim Health Care. 2022;14(3):268-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/HC21145
http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/HC21145...
-3838 Harris P, Kirkland R, Masanja S, Le Feuvre P, Montgomery S, Ansbro É, et al. Strengthening the primary care workforce to deliver high-quality care for non-communicable diseases in refugee settings: lessons learnt from a UNHCR partnership. BMJ Glob Health. 2022;7(Suppl 5):e007334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007334
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007...
,4141 Adánez-Martínez MG, Jiménez-Ruiz I, Carrillo-García C, Díaz-Agea JL, Ramos-Morcillo AJ, Molina-Rodríguez A, et al. Telephone-Based Structured Communication Simulation Program for the Follow-Up of COVID-19 Cases and Contacts in Primary Care. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(7):3915. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073915
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073915...
-4242 Alzahrani ML. Hakeem A, Talmesany T. Knowledge of the primary healthcare physicians in the Al-Baha Region about COVID-19 personal protective measures. J Fam Med Prim Care Rev. 2022;11(8):4536-44. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_181_22
https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_181_...
,4444 Klein K, Roberti J, Rouvier M, Belizan M, Cafferata ML, Berrueta AM, et al. Design and feasibility of an implementation strategy to address Chagas guidelines engagement focused on attending women of childbearing age and children at the primary healthcare level in Argentina: a pilot study. BMC Prim Care. 2022;23:277. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-022-01886-6
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-022-01886...
-4545 Peña-Galbán LY, Hernández-Agüero M. Enfrentamiento a la COVID-19 desde la Atención Primaria de Salud de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias. Arch Méd Camagüey [Internet]. 2022[cited 2023 Aug 24];26:e9147. Available from: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1025-02552022000100058&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en
http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=s...
,4747 Al-Khaldi YM, Al-Asmari BA, Al-Mosa KM, Falqi TA, Aldawood KM, AlAseeri KAZ, et al. Preparedness of Primary Care Centers for COVID-19 epidemic in Aseer region, KSA. J Family Med Prim Care. 2022;11(10):6303-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_707_22
https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_707_...
); and 6% in 2023(3535 Azimirad M, Paloniitty R, Papathanasiou IV, Aleo G, Catania G, Pozzi F, et al. Examining family and community nurses’ core competencies in continuing education programs offered in primary health care settings: an integrative literature review. Nurse Educ Pract. 2023;67:103561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103561
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.10...
,4848 Toledo-Ortiz R, González-Rojas JM, Molina-Vallejo LE, Mendoza-Velásquez JJ, Romero-Casillas Y, Cano-Collado LA, et al. Desarrollo de la estrategia educativa del INSABI: una lección aprendida a partir de la epidemia de COVID-19. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 2023 [cited 2023 aug 24]; 61(3):386-98. Available from: http://revistamedica.imss.gob.mx/editorial/index.php/revista_medica/article/view/4902/4589
http://revistamedica.imss.gob.mx/editori...
).
The populations targeted by the educational actions in PHC were: 69% physicians(77 Odusanya OO, Adeniran A, Bakare OQ, Odugbemi BA, Enikuomehin OA, Jeje OO, et al. Building capacity of primary health care workers and clients on COVID-19: results from a web-based training. PLoS One. 2022;17(10):e0274750. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274750
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.027...
,1818 Santos AB, Moreno Neto JL. A supervisão acadêmica no Projeto Mais Médicos pelo Brasil antes e durante a pandemia: o que aprendemos? Rev Baiana Saúde Pública. 2022;46(1):171–83. https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022.v46.n1.a3588
https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022....
,2020 Schweickardt JC, Ferla AA, Lemos SM, Oliveira R, Reis A. Pandemia e transformações sociais na Amazônia: percursos de uma pesquisa em ato [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 Aug 10]. 282 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/pandemia-e-transformacoes-sociais-na-amazonia-percursos-de-uma-pesquisa-em-ato/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
21 Silva CVSR. O processo de planejamento de uma proposta de intervenção educativa utilizando a Caderneta da Criança como ferramenta pedagógica para a qualificação profissional na Atenção Primária[Dissertação] [Internet]. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. 2022 [cited 2023 May 24]. 127 p. Available from: https://www.bdtd.uerj.br:8443/handle/1/18547
https://www.bdtd.uerj.br:8443/handle/1/1...
-2222 Cavalcanti AO, Santana DD. Potencialidades e fragilidades da supervisão acadêmica no cenário da pandemia do Covid-19: relato de experiência. Rev Baiana Saúde Pública. 2022;46(1):294–303. https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022.v46.n1.a3574
https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022....
,2525 Iheanacho T, Stefanovics E, Okoro UG, Anyaehie UE, Njoku PO, Adimekwe AI, et al. Assessing knowledge, attitude, practice and training related to COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey of frontline healthcare workers in Nigeria. BMJ Open. 2021;11(9):e050138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050138
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-0...
,2727 Albahri AH, Alnaqbi SA, Alnaqbi SA, Alshaali AO, Shahdoor SM. Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 among healthcare workers in primary healthcare centers in Dubai: a cross-sectional survey. Front Public Health. 2021;9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.617679
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.617...
28 Sumiya A, Pavesi E, Tenani CF, Almeida CPB, Macêdo JA, Checchi MHR, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary health care professionals in coping with COVID-19 in Brazil: a cross-sectional study. Rev Bras Medicina Trab. 2021;19(03):274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-2021-775
http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-202...
-2929 Steeves-Reece A, Elder NC, Graham TA, Wolf M, Stock I, Davis MM, et al. Rapid deployment of a statewide COVID-19 ECHO program for frontline clinicians: early results and lessons learned. J Rural Health. 2021;37(1):227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12462
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12462...
,3232 Lau J, Tan DHY, Wong GJ, Lew YJ, Chua YX, Low LL, et al. Prepared and highly committed despite the risk of COVID-19 infection: a cross-sectional survey of primary care physicians’ concerns and coping strategies in Singapore. BMC Fam Pract. 2021;22(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-01370-7
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-013...
33 NasrAllah MS, Tawfik H, Aseel MT. Medicine Residency Training Program during COVID-19: Qatari Experience. Pan Afr Med J. 2020;35(Suppl 2):126. http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.2020.35.25005
http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.202...
-3434 Katzman JG, Tomedi LE, Thornton K, Menking P, Stanton M, Sosa N, et al. Innovative COVID-19 Programs to Rapidly Serve New Mexico. Public Health Reports. 2020;136(1):39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354920969180
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00333549209691...
,3636 Downie A, Mashanya T, Chipwaza B, Griffiths F, Harris B, Kalolo A, et al. Remote primary healthcare consulting in low- and middle-income countries: feasibility study of an online training program to support care delivery during the COVID-19 Pandemic. JMIR Form Res. 2021;6(6) e32964. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/32964
http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/32964...
37 Bidwell S, Kennedy L, Burke M, Collier L, Hudson B. Continuing professional development in the COVID-19 era: evolution of the Pegasus Health Small Group model. J Prim Health Care. 2022;14(3):268-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/HC21145
http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/HC21145...
38 Harris P, Kirkland R, Masanja S, Le Feuvre P, Montgomery S, Ansbro É, et al. Strengthening the primary care workforce to deliver high-quality care for non-communicable diseases in refugee settings: lessons learnt from a UNHCR partnership. BMJ Glob Health. 2022;7(Suppl 5):e007334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007334
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007...
39 Lau J, Tan DHY, Wong GJ, Lew YJ, Chua YX, Low LL, et al. The impact of COVID-19 on private and public primary care physicians: a cross-sectional study. J Infect Public Health. 2021;14(3):285-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.12.028
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.12...
40 Çevik H, Ungan M. The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and residency training of family medicine residents: findings from a nationwide cross-sectional survey in Turkey. BMC Fam Pract. 2021;22(1):226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-01576-9
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-015...
41 Adánez-Martínez MG, Jiménez-Ruiz I, Carrillo-García C, Díaz-Agea JL, Ramos-Morcillo AJ, Molina-Rodríguez A, et al. Telephone-Based Structured Communication Simulation Program for the Follow-Up of COVID-19 Cases and Contacts in Primary Care. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(7):3915. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073915
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073915...
42 Alzahrani ML. Hakeem A, Talmesany T. Knowledge of the primary healthcare physicians in the Al-Baha Region about COVID-19 personal protective measures. J Fam Med Prim Care Rev. 2022;11(8):4536-44. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_181_22
https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_181_...
43 Bury G, Smith SM, Kelly MT, Bradley CP, Howard WR, Egan M. COVID-19 community assessment hubs in Ireland: the experience of clinicians. Ir J Med Sci. 2021;190(2):475-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-020-02381-6
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-020-02381...
-4444 Klein K, Roberti J, Rouvier M, Belizan M, Cafferata ML, Berrueta AM, et al. Design and feasibility of an implementation strategy to address Chagas guidelines engagement focused on attending women of childbearing age and children at the primary healthcare level in Argentina: a pilot study. BMC Prim Care. 2022;23:277. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-022-01886-6
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-022-01886...
,4747 Al-Khaldi YM, Al-Asmari BA, Al-Mosa KM, Falqi TA, Aldawood KM, AlAseeri KAZ, et al. Preparedness of Primary Care Centers for COVID-19 epidemic in Aseer region, KSA. J Family Med Prim Care. 2022;11(10):6303-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_707_22
https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_707_...
); 56% nurses(77 Odusanya OO, Adeniran A, Bakare OQ, Odugbemi BA, Enikuomehin OA, Jeje OO, et al. Building capacity of primary health care workers and clients on COVID-19: results from a web-based training. PLoS One. 2022;17(10):e0274750. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274750
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.027...
,2020 Schweickardt JC, Ferla AA, Lemos SM, Oliveira R, Reis A. Pandemia e transformações sociais na Amazônia: percursos de uma pesquisa em ato [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 Aug 10]. 282 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/pandemia-e-transformacoes-sociais-na-amazonia-percursos-de-uma-pesquisa-em-ato/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
-2121 Silva CVSR. O processo de planejamento de uma proposta de intervenção educativa utilizando a Caderneta da Criança como ferramenta pedagógica para a qualificação profissional na Atenção Primária[Dissertação] [Internet]. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. 2022 [cited 2023 May 24]. 127 p. Available from: https://www.bdtd.uerj.br:8443/handle/1/18547
https://www.bdtd.uerj.br:8443/handle/1/1...
,2323 Teixeira MB, Brandão AL, Casanova A. Saberes e práticas na Atenção Primária à Saúde em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19: a experiência da residência multiprofissional em saúde da família [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 May 24]. 189 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/saberes-e-praticas-na-atencao-primaria-a-saude-em-tempos-de-pandemia-da-covid-19-a-experiencia-da-residencia-multiprofissional-em-saude-da-familia/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
,2525 Iheanacho T, Stefanovics E, Okoro UG, Anyaehie UE, Njoku PO, Adimekwe AI, et al. Assessing knowledge, attitude, practice and training related to COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey of frontline healthcare workers in Nigeria. BMJ Open. 2021;11(9):e050138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050138
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-0...
26 Moura MSS, Silva RKS, Mendes PM, Sousa ASJ, Carvalho Neto FJ. Conhecimento e uso de equipamentos de proteção individual por profissionais de enfermagem durante pandemia da Covid-19. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2021;55:e20210125–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2021-0125
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-220X-REEU...
27 Albahri AH, Alnaqbi SA, Alnaqbi SA, Alshaali AO, Shahdoor SM. Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 among healthcare workers in primary healthcare centers in Dubai: a cross-sectional survey. Front Public Health. 2021;9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.617679
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.617...
28 Sumiya A, Pavesi E, Tenani CF, Almeida CPB, Macêdo JA, Checchi MHR, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary health care professionals in coping with COVID-19 in Brazil: a cross-sectional study. Rev Bras Medicina Trab. 2021;19(03):274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-2021-775
http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-202...
-2929 Steeves-Reece A, Elder NC, Graham TA, Wolf M, Stock I, Davis MM, et al. Rapid deployment of a statewide COVID-19 ECHO program for frontline clinicians: early results and lessons learned. J Rural Health. 2021;37(1):227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12462
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12462...
,3434 Katzman JG, Tomedi LE, Thornton K, Menking P, Stanton M, Sosa N, et al. Innovative COVID-19 Programs to Rapidly Serve New Mexico. Public Health Reports. 2020;136(1):39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354920969180
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00333549209691...
35 Azimirad M, Paloniitty R, Papathanasiou IV, Aleo G, Catania G, Pozzi F, et al. Examining family and community nurses’ core competencies in continuing education programs offered in primary health care settings: an integrative literature review. Nurse Educ Pract. 2023;67:103561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103561
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.10...
36 Downie A, Mashanya T, Chipwaza B, Griffiths F, Harris B, Kalolo A, et al. Remote primary healthcare consulting in low- and middle-income countries: feasibility study of an online training program to support care delivery during the COVID-19 Pandemic. JMIR Form Res. 2021;6(6) e32964. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/32964
http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/32964...
37 Bidwell S, Kennedy L, Burke M, Collier L, Hudson B. Continuing professional development in the COVID-19 era: evolution of the Pegasus Health Small Group model. J Prim Health Care. 2022;14(3):268-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/HC21145
http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/HC21145...
-3838 Harris P, Kirkland R, Masanja S, Le Feuvre P, Montgomery S, Ansbro É, et al. Strengthening the primary care workforce to deliver high-quality care for non-communicable diseases in refugee settings: lessons learnt from a UNHCR partnership. BMJ Glob Health. 2022;7(Suppl 5):e007334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007334
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007...
,4141 Adánez-Martínez MG, Jiménez-Ruiz I, Carrillo-García C, Díaz-Agea JL, Ramos-Morcillo AJ, Molina-Rodríguez A, et al. Telephone-Based Structured Communication Simulation Program for the Follow-Up of COVID-19 Cases and Contacts in Primary Care. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(7):3915. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073915
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073915...
42 Alzahrani ML. Hakeem A, Talmesany T. Knowledge of the primary healthcare physicians in the Al-Baha Region about COVID-19 personal protective measures. J Fam Med Prim Care Rev. 2022;11(8):4536-44. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_181_22
https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_181_...
43 Bury G, Smith SM, Kelly MT, Bradley CP, Howard WR, Egan M. COVID-19 community assessment hubs in Ireland: the experience of clinicians. Ir J Med Sci. 2021;190(2):475-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-020-02381-6
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-020-02381...
-4444 Klein K, Roberti J, Rouvier M, Belizan M, Cafferata ML, Berrueta AM, et al. Design and feasibility of an implementation strategy to address Chagas guidelines engagement focused on attending women of childbearing age and children at the primary healthcare level in Argentina: a pilot study. BMC Prim Care. 2022;23:277. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-022-01886-6
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-022-01886...
,4747 Al-Khaldi YM, Al-Asmari BA, Al-Mosa KM, Falqi TA, Aldawood KM, AlAseeri KAZ, et al. Preparedness of Primary Care Centers for COVID-19 epidemic in Aseer region, KSA. J Family Med Prim Care. 2022;11(10):6303-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_707_22
https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_707_...
); 25% pharmacists(2323 Teixeira MB, Brandão AL, Casanova A. Saberes e práticas na Atenção Primária à Saúde em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19: a experiência da residência multiprofissional em saúde da família [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 May 24]. 189 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/saberes-e-praticas-na-atencao-primaria-a-saude-em-tempos-de-pandemia-da-covid-19-a-experiencia-da-residencia-multiprofissional-em-saude-da-familia/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
,2525 Iheanacho T, Stefanovics E, Okoro UG, Anyaehie UE, Njoku PO, Adimekwe AI, et al. Assessing knowledge, attitude, practice and training related to COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey of frontline healthcare workers in Nigeria. BMJ Open. 2021;11(9):e050138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050138
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-0...
,2828 Sumiya A, Pavesi E, Tenani CF, Almeida CPB, Macêdo JA, Checchi MHR, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary health care professionals in coping with COVID-19 in Brazil: a cross-sectional study. Rev Bras Medicina Trab. 2021;19(03):274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-2021-775
http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-202...
,3434 Katzman JG, Tomedi LE, Thornton K, Menking P, Stanton M, Sosa N, et al. Innovative COVID-19 Programs to Rapidly Serve New Mexico. Public Health Reports. 2020;136(1):39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354920969180
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00333549209691...
,3737 Bidwell S, Kennedy L, Burke M, Collier L, Hudson B. Continuing professional development in the COVID-19 era: evolution of the Pegasus Health Small Group model. J Prim Health Care. 2022;14(3):268-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/HC21145
http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/HC21145...
-3838 Harris P, Kirkland R, Masanja S, Le Feuvre P, Montgomery S, Ansbro É, et al. Strengthening the primary care workforce to deliver high-quality care for non-communicable diseases in refugee settings: lessons learnt from a UNHCR partnership. BMJ Glob Health. 2022;7(Suppl 5):e007334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007334
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007...
,4242 Alzahrani ML. Hakeem A, Talmesany T. Knowledge of the primary healthcare physicians in the Al-Baha Region about COVID-19 personal protective measures. J Fam Med Prim Care Rev. 2022;11(8):4536-44. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_181_22
https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_181_...
,4747 Al-Khaldi YM, Al-Asmari BA, Al-Mosa KM, Falqi TA, Aldawood KM, AlAseeri KAZ, et al. Preparedness of Primary Care Centers for COVID-19 epidemic in Aseer region, KSA. J Family Med Prim Care. 2022;11(10):6303-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_707_22
https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_707_...
); 13% social workers(2323 Teixeira MB, Brandão AL, Casanova A. Saberes e práticas na Atenção Primária à Saúde em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19: a experiência da residência multiprofissional em saúde da família [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 May 24]. 189 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/saberes-e-praticas-na-atencao-primaria-a-saude-em-tempos-de-pandemia-da-covid-19-a-experiencia-da-residencia-multiprofissional-em-saude-da-familia/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
,2828 Sumiya A, Pavesi E, Tenani CF, Almeida CPB, Macêdo JA, Checchi MHR, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary health care professionals in coping with COVID-19 in Brazil: a cross-sectional study. Rev Bras Medicina Trab. 2021;19(03):274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-2021-775
http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-202...
,3030 Jenkins C, Diffin J, McTernaghan T, Watson M, Fleming K. The perceived impact of project ECHO networks in Northern Ireland for health and social care providers, patients, and the health system: A qualitative analysis. Health Informatics J. 2022;28(4):146045822211354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14604582221135431
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14604582221135...
,3434 Katzman JG, Tomedi LE, Thornton K, Menking P, Stanton M, Sosa N, et al. Innovative COVID-19 Programs to Rapidly Serve New Mexico. Public Health Reports. 2020;136(1):39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354920969180
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00333549209691...
), dentists(2323 Teixeira MB, Brandão AL, Casanova A. Saberes e práticas na Atenção Primária à Saúde em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19: a experiência da residência multiprofissional em saúde da família [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 May 24]. 189 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/saberes-e-praticas-na-atencao-primaria-a-saude-em-tempos-de-pandemia-da-covid-19-a-experiencia-da-residencia-multiprofissional-em-saude-da-familia/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
-2424 Santos S, Dantas M, Cavalcanti D, Motta M, Natalie R. Atuação na residência em Saúde da Família no contexto da COVID-19. Rev ABENO. 2022;22(2):1659-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.30979/revabeno.v22i2.1659
http://dx.doi.org/10.30979/revabeno.v22i...
,2828 Sumiya A, Pavesi E, Tenani CF, Almeida CPB, Macêdo JA, Checchi MHR, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary health care professionals in coping with COVID-19 in Brazil: a cross-sectional study. Rev Bras Medicina Trab. 2021;19(03):274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-2021-775
http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-202...
,4747 Al-Khaldi YM, Al-Asmari BA, Al-Mosa KM, Falqi TA, Aldawood KM, AlAseeri KAZ, et al. Preparedness of Primary Care Centers for COVID-19 epidemic in Aseer region, KSA. J Family Med Prim Care. 2022;11(10):6303-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_707_22
https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_707_...
), 9% psychologists(2323 Teixeira MB, Brandão AL, Casanova A. Saberes e práticas na Atenção Primária à Saúde em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19: a experiência da residência multiprofissional em saúde da família [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 May 24]. 189 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/saberes-e-praticas-na-atencao-primaria-a-saude-em-tempos-de-pandemia-da-covid-19-a-experiencia-da-residencia-multiprofissional-em-saude-da-familia/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
,2828 Sumiya A, Pavesi E, Tenani CF, Almeida CPB, Macêdo JA, Checchi MHR, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary health care professionals in coping with COVID-19 in Brazil: a cross-sectional study. Rev Bras Medicina Trab. 2021;19(03):274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-2021-775
http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-202...
,3434 Katzman JG, Tomedi LE, Thornton K, Menking P, Stanton M, Sosa N, et al. Innovative COVID-19 Programs to Rapidly Serve New Mexico. Public Health Reports. 2020;136(1):39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354920969180
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00333549209691...
), community workers(77 Odusanya OO, Adeniran A, Bakare OQ, Odugbemi BA, Enikuomehin OA, Jeje OO, et al. Building capacity of primary health care workers and clients on COVID-19: results from a web-based training. PLoS One. 2022;17(10):e0274750. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274750
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.027...
,3434 Katzman JG, Tomedi LE, Thornton K, Menking P, Stanton M, Sosa N, et al. Innovative COVID-19 Programs to Rapidly Serve New Mexico. Public Health Reports. 2020;136(1):39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354920969180
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00333549209691...
,4444 Klein K, Roberti J, Rouvier M, Belizan M, Cafferata ML, Berrueta AM, et al. Design and feasibility of an implementation strategy to address Chagas guidelines engagement focused on attending women of childbearing age and children at the primary healthcare level in Argentina: a pilot study. BMC Prim Care. 2022;23:277. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-022-01886-6
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-022-01886...
), Community Health Worker(1919 Carvalho DJG, Oliveira PS, Silva AO, Cordeiro MC, Souza TN, Neto EC, et al. Atuação dos residentes multiprofissionais em saúde da família na capacitação de agentes comunitários de saúde: relato de experiência. Rev Ciênc Plur. 2021 Oct 29;8(1):e25324. https://doi.org/10.21680/2446-7286.2022v8n1ID25324
https://doi.org/10.21680/2446-7286.2022v...
-2020 Schweickardt JC, Ferla AA, Lemos SM, Oliveira R, Reis A. Pandemia e transformações sociais na Amazônia: percursos de uma pesquisa em ato [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 Aug 10]. 282 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/pandemia-e-transformacoes-sociais-na-amazonia-percursos-de-uma-pesquisa-em-ato/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
,2828 Sumiya A, Pavesi E, Tenani CF, Almeida CPB, Macêdo JA, Checchi MHR, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary health care professionals in coping with COVID-19 in Brazil: a cross-sectional study. Rev Bras Medicina Trab. 2021;19(03):274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-2021-775
http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-202...
) and laboratory professionals(77 Odusanya OO, Adeniran A, Bakare OQ, Odugbemi BA, Enikuomehin OA, Jeje OO, et al. Building capacity of primary health care workers and clients on COVID-19: results from a web-based training. PLoS One. 2022;17(10):e0274750. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274750
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.027...
,2525 Iheanacho T, Stefanovics E, Okoro UG, Anyaehie UE, Njoku PO, Adimekwe AI, et al. Assessing knowledge, attitude, practice and training related to COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey of frontline healthcare workers in Nigeria. BMJ Open. 2021;11(9):e050138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050138
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-0...
,4747 Al-Khaldi YM, Al-Asmari BA, Al-Mosa KM, Falqi TA, Aldawood KM, AlAseeri KAZ, et al. Preparedness of Primary Care Centers for COVID-19 epidemic in Aseer region, KSA. J Family Med Prim Care. 2022;11(10):6303-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_707_22
https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_707_...
); 6% nursing technicians(2626 Moura MSS, Silva RKS, Mendes PM, Sousa ASJ, Carvalho Neto FJ. Conhecimento e uso de equipamentos de proteção individual por profissionais de enfermagem durante pandemia da Covid-19. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2021;55:e20210125–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2021-0125
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-220X-REEU...
,2828 Sumiya A, Pavesi E, Tenani CF, Almeida CPB, Macêdo JA, Checchi MHR, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary health care professionals in coping with COVID-19 in Brazil: a cross-sectional study. Rev Bras Medicina Trab. 2021;19(03):274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-2021-775
http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-202...
), nutritionists(2323 Teixeira MB, Brandão AL, Casanova A. Saberes e práticas na Atenção Primária à Saúde em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19: a experiência da residência multiprofissional em saúde da família [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 May 24]. 189 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/saberes-e-praticas-na-atencao-primaria-a-saude-em-tempos-de-pandemia-da-covid-19-a-experiencia-da-residencia-multiprofissional-em-saude-da-familia/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
,3434 Katzman JG, Tomedi LE, Thornton K, Menking P, Stanton M, Sosa N, et al. Innovative COVID-19 Programs to Rapidly Serve New Mexico. Public Health Reports. 2020;136(1):39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354920969180
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00333549209691...
) and physical educators(2323 Teixeira MB, Brandão AL, Casanova A. Saberes e práticas na Atenção Primária à Saúde em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19: a experiência da residência multiprofissional em saúde da família [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 May 24]. 189 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/saberes-e-praticas-na-atencao-primaria-a-saude-em-tempos-de-pandemia-da-covid-19-a-experiencia-da-residencia-multiprofissional-em-saude-da-familia/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
,2828 Sumiya A, Pavesi E, Tenani CF, Almeida CPB, Macêdo JA, Checchi MHR, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary health care professionals in coping with COVID-19 in Brazil: a cross-sectional study. Rev Bras Medicina Trab. 2021;19(03):274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-2021-775
http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-202...
); 3% physiotherapists(2828 Sumiya A, Pavesi E, Tenani CF, Almeida CPB, Macêdo JA, Checchi MHR, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary health care professionals in coping with COVID-19 in Brazil: a cross-sectional study. Rev Bras Medicina Trab. 2021;19(03):274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-2021-775
http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-202...
), speech therapists(2828 Sumiya A, Pavesi E, Tenani CF, Almeida CPB, Macêdo JA, Checchi MHR, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary health care professionals in coping with COVID-19 in Brazil: a cross-sectional study. Rev Bras Medicina Trab. 2021;19(03):274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-2021-775
http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-202...
), and occupational therapists(2828 Sumiya A, Pavesi E, Tenani CF, Almeida CPB, Macêdo JA, Checchi MHR, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary health care professionals in coping with COVID-19 in Brazil: a cross-sectional study. Rev Bras Medicina Trab. 2021;19(03):274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-2021-775
http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-202...
).
All studies were conducted considering the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Regarding the concept, in the analysis process, it was possible to code the educational actions as illustrated in Figure 2, which presents the quantitative map of the sample on the educational actions carried out with PHC professionals and the teaching strategies used for these actions.
Map of Educational Actions Conducted with Primary Health Care Professionals and Their Teaching Strategies, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 2023
PHC - Primary Health Care; CE- Continuing Education; PHE- Permanent Health Education; n = number of publications that cited the teaching strategy.
Training was conducted in 60% of the study sample(77 Odusanya OO, Adeniran A, Bakare OQ, Odugbemi BA, Enikuomehin OA, Jeje OO, et al. Building capacity of primary health care workers and clients on COVID-19: results from a web-based training. PLoS One. 2022;17(10):e0274750. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274750
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.027...
,2525 Iheanacho T, Stefanovics E, Okoro UG, Anyaehie UE, Njoku PO, Adimekwe AI, et al. Assessing knowledge, attitude, practice and training related to COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey of frontline healthcare workers in Nigeria. BMJ Open. 2021;11(9):e050138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050138
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-0...
,2727 Albahri AH, Alnaqbi SA, Alnaqbi SA, Alshaali AO, Shahdoor SM. Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 among healthcare workers in primary healthcare centers in Dubai: a cross-sectional survey. Front Public Health. 2021;9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.617679
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.617...
28 Sumiya A, Pavesi E, Tenani CF, Almeida CPB, Macêdo JA, Checchi MHR, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary health care professionals in coping with COVID-19 in Brazil: a cross-sectional study. Rev Bras Medicina Trab. 2021;19(03):274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-2021-775
http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-202...
29 Steeves-Reece A, Elder NC, Graham TA, Wolf M, Stock I, Davis MM, et al. Rapid deployment of a statewide COVID-19 ECHO program for frontline clinicians: early results and lessons learned. J Rural Health. 2021;37(1):227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12462
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12462...
30 Jenkins C, Diffin J, McTernaghan T, Watson M, Fleming K. The perceived impact of project ECHO networks in Northern Ireland for health and social care providers, patients, and the health system: A qualitative analysis. Health Informatics J. 2022;28(4):146045822211354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14604582221135431
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31 Phiri MM, MacPherson EE, Panulo M, Chidziwisano K, Kalua K, Chirambo CM, et al. Preparedness for and impact of COVID-19 on primary health care delivery in urban and rural Malawi: a mixed methods study. BMJ Open. 2022;12(6):e051125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051125
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-0...
32 Lau J, Tan DHY, Wong GJ, Lew YJ, Chua YX, Low LL, et al. Prepared and highly committed despite the risk of COVID-19 infection: a cross-sectional survey of primary care physicians’ concerns and coping strategies in Singapore. BMC Fam Pract. 2021;22(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-01370-7
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-013...
-3333 NasrAllah MS, Tawfik H, Aseel MT. Medicine Residency Training Program during COVID-19: Qatari Experience. Pan Afr Med J. 2020;35(Suppl 2):126. http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.2020.35.25005
http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.202...
,3636 Downie A, Mashanya T, Chipwaza B, Griffiths F, Harris B, Kalolo A, et al. Remote primary healthcare consulting in low- and middle-income countries: feasibility study of an online training program to support care delivery during the COVID-19 Pandemic. JMIR Form Res. 2021;6(6) e32964. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/32964
http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/32964...
,3838 Harris P, Kirkland R, Masanja S, Le Feuvre P, Montgomery S, Ansbro É, et al. Strengthening the primary care workforce to deliver high-quality care for non-communicable diseases in refugee settings: lessons learnt from a UNHCR partnership. BMJ Glob Health. 2022;7(Suppl 5):e007334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007334
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39 Lau J, Tan DHY, Wong GJ, Lew YJ, Chua YX, Low LL, et al. The impact of COVID-19 on private and public primary care physicians: a cross-sectional study. J Infect Public Health. 2021;14(3):285-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.12.028
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.12...
40 Çevik H, Ungan M. The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and residency training of family medicine residents: findings from a nationwide cross-sectional survey in Turkey. BMC Fam Pract. 2021;22(1):226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-01576-9
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-015...
41 Adánez-Martínez MG, Jiménez-Ruiz I, Carrillo-García C, Díaz-Agea JL, Ramos-Morcillo AJ, Molina-Rodríguez A, et al. Telephone-Based Structured Communication Simulation Program for the Follow-Up of COVID-19 Cases and Contacts in Primary Care. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(7):3915. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073915
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073915...
42 Alzahrani ML. Hakeem A, Talmesany T. Knowledge of the primary healthcare physicians in the Al-Baha Region about COVID-19 personal protective measures. J Fam Med Prim Care Rev. 2022;11(8):4536-44. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_181_22
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43 Bury G, Smith SM, Kelly MT, Bradley CP, Howard WR, Egan M. COVID-19 community assessment hubs in Ireland: the experience of clinicians. Ir J Med Sci. 2021;190(2):475-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-020-02381-6
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-020-02381...
44 Klein K, Roberti J, Rouvier M, Belizan M, Cafferata ML, Berrueta AM, et al. Design and feasibility of an implementation strategy to address Chagas guidelines engagement focused on attending women of childbearing age and children at the primary healthcare level in Argentina: a pilot study. BMC Prim Care. 2022;23:277. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-022-01886-6
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-4545 Peña-Galbán LY, Hernández-Agüero M. Enfrentamiento a la COVID-19 desde la Atención Primaria de Salud de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias. Arch Méd Camagüey [Internet]. 2022[cited 2023 Aug 24];26:e9147. Available from: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1025-02552022000100058&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en
http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=s...
,4747 Al-Khaldi YM, Al-Asmari BA, Al-Mosa KM, Falqi TA, Aldawood KM, AlAseeri KAZ, et al. Preparedness of Primary Care Centers for COVID-19 epidemic in Aseer region, KSA. J Family Med Prim Care. 2022;11(10):6303-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_707_22
https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_707_...
), followed by EPS with 31%(1818 Santos AB, Moreno Neto JL. A supervisão acadêmica no Projeto Mais Médicos pelo Brasil antes e durante a pandemia: o que aprendemos? Rev Baiana Saúde Pública. 2022;46(1):171–83. https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022.v46.n1.a3588
https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022....
19 Carvalho DJG, Oliveira PS, Silva AO, Cordeiro MC, Souza TN, Neto EC, et al. Atuação dos residentes multiprofissionais em saúde da família na capacitação de agentes comunitários de saúde: relato de experiência. Rev Ciênc Plur. 2021 Oct 29;8(1):e25324. https://doi.org/10.21680/2446-7286.2022v8n1ID25324
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20 Schweickardt JC, Ferla AA, Lemos SM, Oliveira R, Reis A. Pandemia e transformações sociais na Amazônia: percursos de uma pesquisa em ato [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 Aug 10]. 282 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/pandemia-e-transformacoes-sociais-na-amazonia-percursos-de-uma-pesquisa-em-ato/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
21 Silva CVSR. O processo de planejamento de uma proposta de intervenção educativa utilizando a Caderneta da Criança como ferramenta pedagógica para a qualificação profissional na Atenção Primária[Dissertação] [Internet]. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. 2022 [cited 2023 May 24]. 127 p. Available from: https://www.bdtd.uerj.br:8443/handle/1/18547
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22 Cavalcanti AO, Santana DD. Potencialidades e fragilidades da supervisão acadêmica no cenário da pandemia do Covid-19: relato de experiência. Rev Baiana Saúde Pública. 2022;46(1):294–303. https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022.v46.n1.a3574
https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022....
23 Teixeira MB, Brandão AL, Casanova A. Saberes e práticas na Atenção Primária à Saúde em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19: a experiência da residência multiprofissional em saúde da família [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 May 24]. 189 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/saberes-e-praticas-na-atencao-primaria-a-saude-em-tempos-de-pandemia-da-covid-19-a-experiencia-da-residencia-multiprofissional-em-saude-da-familia/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
-2424 Santos S, Dantas M, Cavalcanti D, Motta M, Natalie R. Atuação na residência em Saúde da Família no contexto da COVID-19. Rev ABENO. 2022;22(2):1659-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.30979/revabeno.v22i2.1659
http://dx.doi.org/10.30979/revabeno.v22i...
,2626 Moura MSS, Silva RKS, Mendes PM, Sousa ASJ, Carvalho Neto FJ. Conhecimento e uso de equipamentos de proteção individual por profissionais de enfermagem durante pandemia da Covid-19. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2021;55:e20210125–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2021-0125
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-220X-REEU...
,4646 Veras ICG, Nascimento LPS, Fernandez CHP, Costa CM. Oximetria de pulso na atenção básica: produção de conteúdo digital na pandemia de Covid-19. Rev Baiana saúde pública. 2021;45(Esp. 2):70-79. https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2021.v45.NEspecial_2.a3273
https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2021....
,4848 Toledo-Ortiz R, González-Rojas JM, Molina-Vallejo LE, Mendoza-Velásquez JJ, Romero-Casillas Y, Cano-Collado LA, et al. Desarrollo de la estrategia educativa del INSABI: una lección aprendida a partir de la epidemia de COVID-19. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 2023 [cited 2023 aug 24]; 61(3):386-98. Available from: http://revistamedica.imss.gob.mx/editorial/index.php/revista_medica/article/view/4902/4589
http://revistamedica.imss.gob.mx/editori...
), and CE with 9%(3434 Katzman JG, Tomedi LE, Thornton K, Menking P, Stanton M, Sosa N, et al. Innovative COVID-19 Programs to Rapidly Serve New Mexico. Public Health Reports. 2020;136(1):39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354920969180
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00333549209691...
-3535 Azimirad M, Paloniitty R, Papathanasiou IV, Aleo G, Catania G, Pozzi F, et al. Examining family and community nurses’ core competencies in continuing education programs offered in primary health care settings: an integrative literature review. Nurse Educ Pract. 2023;67:103561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103561
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.10...
,3737 Bidwell S, Kennedy L, Burke M, Collier L, Hudson B. Continuing professional development in the COVID-19 era: evolution of the Pegasus Health Small Group model. J Prim Health Care. 2022;14(3):268-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/HC21145
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).
The topics covered in the educational actions included: COVID-19(77 Odusanya OO, Adeniran A, Bakare OQ, Odugbemi BA, Enikuomehin OA, Jeje OO, et al. Building capacity of primary health care workers and clients on COVID-19: results from a web-based training. PLoS One. 2022;17(10):e0274750. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274750
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.027...
,1818 Santos AB, Moreno Neto JL. A supervisão acadêmica no Projeto Mais Médicos pelo Brasil antes e durante a pandemia: o que aprendemos? Rev Baiana Saúde Pública. 2022;46(1):171–83. https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022.v46.n1.a3588
https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022....
,2020 Schweickardt JC, Ferla AA, Lemos SM, Oliveira R, Reis A. Pandemia e transformações sociais na Amazônia: percursos de uma pesquisa em ato [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 Aug 10]. 282 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/pandemia-e-transformacoes-sociais-na-amazonia-percursos-de-uma-pesquisa-em-ato/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
,2222 Cavalcanti AO, Santana DD. Potencialidades e fragilidades da supervisão acadêmica no cenário da pandemia do Covid-19: relato de experiência. Rev Baiana Saúde Pública. 2022;46(1):294–303. https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022.v46.n1.a3574
https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022....
23 Teixeira MB, Brandão AL, Casanova A. Saberes e práticas na Atenção Primária à Saúde em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19: a experiência da residência multiprofissional em saúde da família [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 May 24]. 189 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/saberes-e-praticas-na-atencao-primaria-a-saude-em-tempos-de-pandemia-da-covid-19-a-experiencia-da-residencia-multiprofissional-em-saude-da-familia/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
-2424 Santos S, Dantas M, Cavalcanti D, Motta M, Natalie R. Atuação na residência em Saúde da Família no contexto da COVID-19. Rev ABENO. 2022;22(2):1659-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.30979/revabeno.v22i2.1659
http://dx.doi.org/10.30979/revabeno.v22i...
,2828 Sumiya A, Pavesi E, Tenani CF, Almeida CPB, Macêdo JA, Checchi MHR, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary health care professionals in coping with COVID-19 in Brazil: a cross-sectional study. Rev Bras Medicina Trab. 2021;19(03):274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-2021-775
http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-202...
,3131 Phiri MM, MacPherson EE, Panulo M, Chidziwisano K, Kalua K, Chirambo CM, et al. Preparedness for and impact of COVID-19 on primary health care delivery in urban and rural Malawi: a mixed methods study. BMJ Open. 2022;12(6):e051125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051125
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-0...
,3333 NasrAllah MS, Tawfik H, Aseel MT. Medicine Residency Training Program during COVID-19: Qatari Experience. Pan Afr Med J. 2020;35(Suppl 2):126. http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.2020.35.25005
http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.202...
34 Katzman JG, Tomedi LE, Thornton K, Menking P, Stanton M, Sosa N, et al. Innovative COVID-19 Programs to Rapidly Serve New Mexico. Public Health Reports. 2020;136(1):39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354920969180
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00333549209691...
35 Azimirad M, Paloniitty R, Papathanasiou IV, Aleo G, Catania G, Pozzi F, et al. Examining family and community nurses’ core competencies in continuing education programs offered in primary health care settings: an integrative literature review. Nurse Educ Pract. 2023;67:103561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103561
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.10...
-3636 Downie A, Mashanya T, Chipwaza B, Griffiths F, Harris B, Kalolo A, et al. Remote primary healthcare consulting in low- and middle-income countries: feasibility study of an online training program to support care delivery during the COVID-19 Pandemic. JMIR Form Res. 2021;6(6) e32964. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/32964
http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/32964...
,4040 Çevik H, Ungan M. The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and residency training of family medicine residents: findings from a nationwide cross-sectional survey in Turkey. BMC Fam Pract. 2021;22(1):226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-01576-9
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-015...
-4141 Adánez-Martínez MG, Jiménez-Ruiz I, Carrillo-García C, Díaz-Agea JL, Ramos-Morcillo AJ, Molina-Rodríguez A, et al. Telephone-Based Structured Communication Simulation Program for the Follow-Up of COVID-19 Cases and Contacts in Primary Care. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(7):3915. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073915
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073915...
,4343 Bury G, Smith SM, Kelly MT, Bradley CP, Howard WR, Egan M. COVID-19 community assessment hubs in Ireland: the experience of clinicians. Ir J Med Sci. 2021;190(2):475-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-020-02381-6
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-020-02381...
,4545 Peña-Galbán LY, Hernández-Agüero M. Enfrentamiento a la COVID-19 desde la Atención Primaria de Salud de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias. Arch Méd Camagüey [Internet]. 2022[cited 2023 Aug 24];26:e9147. Available from: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1025-02552022000100058&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en
http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=s...
46 Veras ICG, Nascimento LPS, Fernandez CHP, Costa CM. Oximetria de pulso na atenção básica: produção de conteúdo digital na pandemia de Covid-19. Rev Baiana saúde pública. 2021;45(Esp. 2):70-79. https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2021.v45.NEspecial_2.a3273
https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2021....
47 Al-Khaldi YM, Al-Asmari BA, Al-Mosa KM, Falqi TA, Aldawood KM, AlAseeri KAZ, et al. Preparedness of Primary Care Centers for COVID-19 epidemic in Aseer region, KSA. J Family Med Prim Care. 2022;11(10):6303-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_707_22
https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_707_...
-4848 Toledo-Ortiz R, González-Rojas JM, Molina-Vallejo LE, Mendoza-Velásquez JJ, Romero-Casillas Y, Cano-Collado LA, et al. Desarrollo de la estrategia educativa del INSABI: una lección aprendida a partir de la epidemia de COVID-19. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 2023 [cited 2023 aug 24]; 61(3):386-98. Available from: http://revistamedica.imss.gob.mx/editorial/index.php/revista_medica/article/view/4902/4589
http://revistamedica.imss.gob.mx/editori...
), Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)(2020 Schweickardt JC, Ferla AA, Lemos SM, Oliveira R, Reis A. Pandemia e transformações sociais na Amazônia: percursos de uma pesquisa em ato [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 Aug 10]. 282 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/pandemia-e-transformacoes-sociais-na-amazonia-percursos-de-uma-pesquisa-em-ato/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
,2525 Iheanacho T, Stefanovics E, Okoro UG, Anyaehie UE, Njoku PO, Adimekwe AI, et al. Assessing knowledge, attitude, practice and training related to COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey of frontline healthcare workers in Nigeria. BMJ Open. 2021;11(9):e050138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050138
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-0...
-2626 Moura MSS, Silva RKS, Mendes PM, Sousa ASJ, Carvalho Neto FJ. Conhecimento e uso de equipamentos de proteção individual por profissionais de enfermagem durante pandemia da Covid-19. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2021;55:e20210125–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2021-0125
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-220X-REEU...
,2929 Steeves-Reece A, Elder NC, Graham TA, Wolf M, Stock I, Davis MM, et al. Rapid deployment of a statewide COVID-19 ECHO program for frontline clinicians: early results and lessons learned. J Rural Health. 2021;37(1):227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12462
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12462...
,3232 Lau J, Tan DHY, Wong GJ, Lew YJ, Chua YX, Low LL, et al. Prepared and highly committed despite the risk of COVID-19 infection: a cross-sectional survey of primary care physicians’ concerns and coping strategies in Singapore. BMC Fam Pract. 2021;22(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-01370-7
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-013...
33 NasrAllah MS, Tawfik H, Aseel MT. Medicine Residency Training Program during COVID-19: Qatari Experience. Pan Afr Med J. 2020;35(Suppl 2):126. http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.2020.35.25005
http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.202...
-3434 Katzman JG, Tomedi LE, Thornton K, Menking P, Stanton M, Sosa N, et al. Innovative COVID-19 Programs to Rapidly Serve New Mexico. Public Health Reports. 2020;136(1):39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354920969180
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00333549209691...
,3939 Lau J, Tan DHY, Wong GJ, Lew YJ, Chua YX, Low LL, et al. The impact of COVID-19 on private and public primary care physicians: a cross-sectional study. J Infect Public Health. 2021;14(3):285-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.12.028
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.12...
,4040 Çevik H, Ungan M. The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and residency training of family medicine residents: findings from a nationwide cross-sectional survey in Turkey. BMC Fam Pract. 2021;22(1):226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-01576-9
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-015...
,4343 Bury G, Smith SM, Kelly MT, Bradley CP, Howard WR, Egan M. COVID-19 community assessment hubs in Ireland: the experience of clinicians. Ir J Med Sci. 2021;190(2):475-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-020-02381-6
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-020-02381...
,4747 Al-Khaldi YM, Al-Asmari BA, Al-Mosa KM, Falqi TA, Aldawood KM, AlAseeri KAZ, et al. Preparedness of Primary Care Centers for COVID-19 epidemic in Aseer region, KSA. J Family Med Prim Care. 2022;11(10):6303-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_707_22
https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_707_...
), Infection Control(2525 Iheanacho T, Stefanovics E, Okoro UG, Anyaehie UE, Njoku PO, Adimekwe AI, et al. Assessing knowledge, attitude, practice and training related to COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey of frontline healthcare workers in Nigeria. BMJ Open. 2021;11(9):e050138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050138
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-0...
,2727 Albahri AH, Alnaqbi SA, Alnaqbi SA, Alshaali AO, Shahdoor SM. Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 among healthcare workers in primary healthcare centers in Dubai: a cross-sectional survey. Front Public Health. 2021;9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.617679
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.617...
,3232 Lau J, Tan DHY, Wong GJ, Lew YJ, Chua YX, Low LL, et al. Prepared and highly committed despite the risk of COVID-19 infection: a cross-sectional survey of primary care physicians’ concerns and coping strategies in Singapore. BMC Fam Pract. 2021;22(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-01370-7
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-013...
-3333 NasrAllah MS, Tawfik H, Aseel MT. Medicine Residency Training Program during COVID-19: Qatari Experience. Pan Afr Med J. 2020;35(Suppl 2):126. http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.2020.35.25005
http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.202...
,3939 Lau J, Tan DHY, Wong GJ, Lew YJ, Chua YX, Low LL, et al. The impact of COVID-19 on private and public primary care physicians: a cross-sectional study. J Infect Public Health. 2021;14(3):285-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.12.028
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.12...
,4242 Alzahrani ML. Hakeem A, Talmesany T. Knowledge of the primary healthcare physicians in the Al-Baha Region about COVID-19 personal protective measures. J Fam Med Prim Care Rev. 2022;11(8):4536-44. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_181_22
https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_181_...
, 4545 Peña-Galbán LY, Hernández-Agüero M. Enfrentamiento a la COVID-19 desde la Atención Primaria de Salud de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias. Arch Méd Camagüey [Internet]. 2022[cited 2023 Aug 24];26:e9147. Available from: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1025-02552022000100058&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en
http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=s...
,4747 Al-Khaldi YM, Al-Asmari BA, Al-Mosa KM, Falqi TA, Aldawood KM, AlAseeri KAZ, et al. Preparedness of Primary Care Centers for COVID-19 epidemic in Aseer region, KSA. J Family Med Prim Care. 2022;11(10):6303-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_707_22
https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_707_...
), Organization of Work Processes During the Pandemic(1818 Santos AB, Moreno Neto JL. A supervisão acadêmica no Projeto Mais Médicos pelo Brasil antes e durante a pandemia: o que aprendemos? Rev Baiana Saúde Pública. 2022;46(1):171–83. https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022.v46.n1.a3588
https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022....
,2323 Teixeira MB, Brandão AL, Casanova A. Saberes e práticas na Atenção Primária à Saúde em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19: a experiência da residência multiprofissional em saúde da família [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 May 24]. 189 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/saberes-e-praticas-na-atencao-primaria-a-saude-em-tempos-de-pandemia-da-covid-19-a-experiencia-da-residencia-multiprofissional-em-saude-da-familia/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
,2525 Iheanacho T, Stefanovics E, Okoro UG, Anyaehie UE, Njoku PO, Adimekwe AI, et al. Assessing knowledge, attitude, practice and training related to COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey of frontline healthcare workers in Nigeria. BMJ Open. 2021;11(9):e050138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050138
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-0...
), Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases (NCDs)(3535 Azimirad M, Paloniitty R, Papathanasiou IV, Aleo G, Catania G, Pozzi F, et al. Examining family and community nurses’ core competencies in continuing education programs offered in primary health care settings: an integrative literature review. Nurse Educ Pract. 2023;67:103561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103561
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.10...
,3838 Harris P, Kirkland R, Masanja S, Le Feuvre P, Montgomery S, Ansbro É, et al. Strengthening the primary care workforce to deliver high-quality care for non-communicable diseases in refugee settings: lessons learnt from a UNHCR partnership. BMJ Glob Health. 2022;7(Suppl 5):e007334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007334
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007...
), Professional Ethics(1919 Carvalho DJG, Oliveira PS, Silva AO, Cordeiro MC, Souza TN, Neto EC, et al. Atuação dos residentes multiprofissionais em saúde da família na capacitação de agentes comunitários de saúde: relato de experiência. Rev Ciênc Plur. 2021 Oct 29;8(1):e25324. https://doi.org/10.21680/2446-7286.2022v8n1ID25324
https://doi.org/10.21680/2446-7286.2022v...
,4141 Adánez-Martínez MG, Jiménez-Ruiz I, Carrillo-García C, Díaz-Agea JL, Ramos-Morcillo AJ, Molina-Rodríguez A, et al. Telephone-Based Structured Communication Simulation Program for the Follow-Up of COVID-19 Cases and Contacts in Primary Care. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(7):3915. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073915
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073915...
), Epidemiology(77 Odusanya OO, Adeniran A, Bakare OQ, Odugbemi BA, Enikuomehin OA, Jeje OO, et al. Building capacity of primary health care workers and clients on COVID-19: results from a web-based training. PLoS One. 2022;17(10):e0274750. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274750
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.027...
,4343 Bury G, Smith SM, Kelly MT, Bradley CP, Howard WR, Egan M. COVID-19 community assessment hubs in Ireland: the experience of clinicians. Ir J Med Sci. 2021;190(2):475-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-020-02381-6
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-020-02381...
), Mental Health(1919 Carvalho DJG, Oliveira PS, Silva AO, Cordeiro MC, Souza TN, Neto EC, et al. Atuação dos residentes multiprofissionais em saúde da família na capacitação de agentes comunitários de saúde: relato de experiência. Rev Ciênc Plur. 2021 Oct 29;8(1):e25324. https://doi.org/10.21680/2446-7286.2022v8n1ID25324
https://doi.org/10.21680/2446-7286.2022v...
,2323 Teixeira MB, Brandão AL, Casanova A. Saberes e práticas na Atenção Primária à Saúde em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19: a experiência da residência multiprofissional em saúde da família [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 May 24]. 189 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/saberes-e-praticas-na-atencao-primaria-a-saude-em-tempos-de-pandemia-da-covid-19-a-experiencia-da-residencia-multiprofissional-em-saude-da-familia/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
), Violence Against Women(1919 Carvalho DJG, Oliveira PS, Silva AO, Cordeiro MC, Souza TN, Neto EC, et al. Atuação dos residentes multiprofissionais em saúde da família na capacitação de agentes comunitários de saúde: relato de experiência. Rev Ciênc Plur. 2021 Oct 29;8(1):e25324. https://doi.org/10.21680/2446-7286.2022v8n1ID25324
https://doi.org/10.21680/2446-7286.2022v...
,3535 Azimirad M, Paloniitty R, Papathanasiou IV, Aleo G, Catania G, Pozzi F, et al. Examining family and community nurses’ core competencies in continuing education programs offered in primary health care settings: an integrative literature review. Nurse Educ Pract. 2023;67:103561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103561
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.10...
), Senior Health(1919 Carvalho DJG, Oliveira PS, Silva AO, Cordeiro MC, Souza TN, Neto EC, et al. Atuação dos residentes multiprofissionais em saúde da família na capacitação de agentes comunitários de saúde: relato de experiência. Rev Ciênc Plur. 2021 Oct 29;8(1):e25324. https://doi.org/10.21680/2446-7286.2022v8n1ID25324
https://doi.org/10.21680/2446-7286.2022v...
,2929 Steeves-Reece A, Elder NC, Graham TA, Wolf M, Stock I, Davis MM, et al. Rapid deployment of a statewide COVID-19 ECHO program for frontline clinicians: early results and lessons learned. J Rural Health. 2021;37(1):227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12462
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12462...
), Nutrition(2323 Teixeira MB, Brandão AL, Casanova A. Saberes e práticas na Atenção Primária à Saúde em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19: a experiência da residência multiprofissional em saúde da família [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 May 24]. 189 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/saberes-e-praticas-na-atencao-primaria-a-saude-em-tempos-de-pandemia-da-covid-19-a-experiencia-da-residencia-multiprofissional-em-saude-da-familia/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
,3838 Harris P, Kirkland R, Masanja S, Le Feuvre P, Montgomery S, Ansbro É, et al. Strengthening the primary care workforce to deliver high-quality care for non-communicable diseases in refugee settings: lessons learnt from a UNHCR partnership. BMJ Glob Health. 2022;7(Suppl 5):e007334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007334
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007...
), Telehealth Guidance(2929 Steeves-Reece A, Elder NC, Graham TA, Wolf M, Stock I, Davis MM, et al. Rapid deployment of a statewide COVID-19 ECHO program for frontline clinicians: early results and lessons learned. J Rural Health. 2021;37(1):227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12462
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12462...
,3333 NasrAllah MS, Tawfik H, Aseel MT. Medicine Residency Training Program during COVID-19: Qatari Experience. Pan Afr Med J. 2020;35(Suppl 2):126. http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.2020.35.25005
http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.202...
), Humanized Care(2020 Schweickardt JC, Ferla AA, Lemos SM, Oliveira R, Reis A. Pandemia e transformações sociais na Amazônia: percursos de uma pesquisa em ato [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 Aug 10]. 282 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/pandemia-e-transformacoes-sociais-na-amazonia-percursos-de-uma-pesquisa-em-ato/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
), Measles Surveillance Actions(2020 Schweickardt JC, Ferla AA, Lemos SM, Oliveira R, Reis A. Pandemia e transformações sociais na Amazônia: percursos de uma pesquisa em ato [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 Aug 10]. 282 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/pandemia-e-transformacoes-sociais-na-amazonia-percursos-de-uma-pesquisa-em-ato/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
), Neuromotor Assessment(2020 Schweickardt JC, Ferla AA, Lemos SM, Oliveira R, Reis A. Pandemia e transformações sociais na Amazônia: percursos de uma pesquisa em ato [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 Aug 10]. 282 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/pandemia-e-transformacoes-sociais-na-amazonia-percursos-de-uma-pesquisa-em-ato/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
), Child Development Surveillance(2121 Silva CVSR. O processo de planejamento de uma proposta de intervenção educativa utilizando a Caderneta da Criança como ferramenta pedagógica para a qualificação profissional na Atenção Primária[Dissertação] [Internet]. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. 2022 [cited 2023 May 24]. 127 p. Available from: https://www.bdtd.uerj.br:8443/handle/1/18547
https://www.bdtd.uerj.br:8443/handle/1/1...
), Hand Hygiene(2323 Teixeira MB, Brandão AL, Casanova A. Saberes e práticas na Atenção Primária à Saúde em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19: a experiência da residência multiprofissional em saúde da família [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 May 24]. 189 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/saberes-e-praticas-na-atencao-primaria-a-saude-em-tempos-de-pandemia-da-covid-19-a-experiencia-da-residencia-multiprofissional-em-saude-da-familia/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
), Breathing Techniques(2323 Teixeira MB, Brandão AL, Casanova A. Saberes e práticas na Atenção Primária à Saúde em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19: a experiência da residência multiprofissional em saúde da família [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 May 24]. 189 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/saberes-e-praticas-na-atencao-primaria-a-saude-em-tempos-de-pandemia-da-covid-19-a-experiencia-da-residencia-multiprofissional-em-saude-da-familia/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
), Health Needs of a Community(3535 Azimirad M, Paloniitty R, Papathanasiou IV, Aleo G, Catania G, Pozzi F, et al. Examining family and community nurses’ core competencies in continuing education programs offered in primary health care settings: an integrative literature review. Nurse Educ Pract. 2023;67:103561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103561
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.10...
), Remote Consulting(3636 Downie A, Mashanya T, Chipwaza B, Griffiths F, Harris B, Kalolo A, et al. Remote primary healthcare consulting in low- and middle-income countries: feasibility study of an online training program to support care delivery during the COVID-19 Pandemic. JMIR Form Res. 2021;6(6) e32964. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/32964
http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/32964...
), and Introduction to PHC(4848 Toledo-Ortiz R, González-Rojas JM, Molina-Vallejo LE, Mendoza-Velásquez JJ, Romero-Casillas Y, Cano-Collado LA, et al. Desarrollo de la estrategia educativa del INSABI: una lección aprendida a partir de la epidemia de COVID-19. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 2023 [cited 2023 aug 24]; 61(3):386-98. Available from: http://revistamedica.imss.gob.mx/editorial/index.php/revista_medica/article/view/4902/4589
http://revistamedica.imss.gob.mx/editori...
).
The integration of the work world with education became evident in the data, showcasing a diverse population of health professionals operating within the PHC setting, a unique context provided by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the implementation of the educational actions concept characterized by various educational activities, as demonstrated in Figure 3.
DISCUSSION
The ongoing training of these professionals for a community-based approach is important for strengthening teamwork(4949 Gonçalves CB, Pinto ICM, França T, Teixeira CF. A retomada do processo de implementação da Política Nacional de Educação Permanente em Saúde no Brasil. Saúde Debate. 2019;43(spe1):12–23. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-11042019S101
https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-11042019S10...
). It is notable that physicians were the most prevalent category (69%) in the educational actions conducted, followed by nurses (56%). This result underscores the importance of involving other members of the primary healthcare team more extensively in educational activities to better qualify primary care. The implementation of educational actions for the development of professional competencies in primary healthcare during the context of COVID-19 has produced changes in the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of healthcare professionals(77 Odusanya OO, Adeniran A, Bakare OQ, Odugbemi BA, Enikuomehin OA, Jeje OO, et al. Building capacity of primary health care workers and clients on COVID-19: results from a web-based training. PLoS One. 2022;17(10):e0274750. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274750
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.027...
,2525 Iheanacho T, Stefanovics E, Okoro UG, Anyaehie UE, Njoku PO, Adimekwe AI, et al. Assessing knowledge, attitude, practice and training related to COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey of frontline healthcare workers in Nigeria. BMJ Open. 2021;11(9):e050138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050138
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-0...
26 Moura MSS, Silva RKS, Mendes PM, Sousa ASJ, Carvalho Neto FJ. Conhecimento e uso de equipamentos de proteção individual por profissionais de enfermagem durante pandemia da Covid-19. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2021;55:e20210125–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2021-0125
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-220X-REEU...
27 Albahri AH, Alnaqbi SA, Alnaqbi SA, Alshaali AO, Shahdoor SM. Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 among healthcare workers in primary healthcare centers in Dubai: a cross-sectional survey. Front Public Health. 2021;9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.617679
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.617...
-2828 Sumiya A, Pavesi E, Tenani CF, Almeida CPB, Macêdo JA, Checchi MHR, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary health care professionals in coping with COVID-19 in Brazil: a cross-sectional study. Rev Bras Medicina Trab. 2021;19(03):274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-2021-775
http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-202...
, 4040 Çevik H, Ungan M. The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and residency training of family medicine residents: findings from a nationwide cross-sectional survey in Turkey. BMC Fam Pract. 2021;22(1):226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-01576-9
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-015...
,4747 Al-Khaldi YM, Al-Asmari BA, Al-Mosa KM, Falqi TA, Aldawood KM, AlAseeri KAZ, et al. Preparedness of Primary Care Centers for COVID-19 epidemic in Aseer region, KSA. J Family Med Prim Care. 2022;11(10):6303-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_707_22
https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_707_...
). In uncertain times of a pandemic, the importance of these educational actions is recognized.
Training was conducted in 60% of the sample in this study, indicating a training model still centered on technicist formation(4949 Gonçalves CB, Pinto ICM, França T, Teixeira CF. A retomada do processo de implementação da Política Nacional de Educação Permanente em Saúde no Brasil. Saúde Debate. 2019;43(spe1):12–23. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-11042019S101
https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-11042019S10...
). The traditional training model, which refers to the transmission of strictly cognitive knowledge without necessarily linking theory and practice, uses more vertical and traditional educational methods that may be ineffective in promoting change(5050 Ogata MN, Silva JAM, Peduzzi M, Costa MV, Fortuna CM, Feliciano AB. Interfaces entre a educação permanente e a educação interprofissional em saúde. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2021;55:e03733. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2020018903733
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X202001...
).
The most commonly used teaching strategy in training actions, as indicated in Figure 2, was synchronous and asynchronous classes(77 Odusanya OO, Adeniran A, Bakare OQ, Odugbemi BA, Enikuomehin OA, Jeje OO, et al. Building capacity of primary health care workers and clients on COVID-19: results from a web-based training. PLoS One. 2022;17(10):e0274750. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274750
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.027...
,2828 Sumiya A, Pavesi E, Tenani CF, Almeida CPB, Macêdo JA, Checchi MHR, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary health care professionals in coping with COVID-19 in Brazil: a cross-sectional study. Rev Bras Medicina Trab. 2021;19(03):274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-2021-775
http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-202...
29 Steeves-Reece A, Elder NC, Graham TA, Wolf M, Stock I, Davis MM, et al. Rapid deployment of a statewide COVID-19 ECHO program for frontline clinicians: early results and lessons learned. J Rural Health. 2021;37(1):227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12462
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12462...
-3030 Jenkins C, Diffin J, McTernaghan T, Watson M, Fleming K. The perceived impact of project ECHO networks in Northern Ireland for health and social care providers, patients, and the health system: A qualitative analysis. Health Informatics J. 2022;28(4):146045822211354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14604582221135431
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14604582221135...
,3636 Downie A, Mashanya T, Chipwaza B, Griffiths F, Harris B, Kalolo A, et al. Remote primary healthcare consulting in low- and middle-income countries: feasibility study of an online training program to support care delivery during the COVID-19 Pandemic. JMIR Form Res. 2021;6(6) e32964. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/32964
http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/32964...
,4141 Adánez-Martínez MG, Jiménez-Ruiz I, Carrillo-García C, Díaz-Agea JL, Ramos-Morcillo AJ, Molina-Rodríguez A, et al. Telephone-Based Structured Communication Simulation Program for the Follow-Up of COVID-19 Cases and Contacts in Primary Care. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(7):3915. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073915
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073915...
,4545 Peña-Galbán LY, Hernández-Agüero M. Enfrentamiento a la COVID-19 desde la Atención Primaria de Salud de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias. Arch Méd Camagüey [Internet]. 2022[cited 2023 Aug 24];26:e9147. Available from: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1025-02552022000100058&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en
http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=s...
), followed by webinars(2525 Iheanacho T, Stefanovics E, Okoro UG, Anyaehie UE, Njoku PO, Adimekwe AI, et al. Assessing knowledge, attitude, practice and training related to COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey of frontline healthcare workers in Nigeria. BMJ Open. 2021;11(9):e050138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050138
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-0...
,2828 Sumiya A, Pavesi E, Tenani CF, Almeida CPB, Macêdo JA, Checchi MHR, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary health care professionals in coping with COVID-19 in Brazil: a cross-sectional study. Rev Bras Medicina Trab. 2021;19(03):274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-2021-775
http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-202...
,3030 Jenkins C, Diffin J, McTernaghan T, Watson M, Fleming K. The perceived impact of project ECHO networks in Northern Ireland for health and social care providers, patients, and the health system: A qualitative analysis. Health Informatics J. 2022;28(4):146045822211354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14604582221135431
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14604582221135...
,3333 NasrAllah MS, Tawfik H, Aseel MT. Medicine Residency Training Program during COVID-19: Qatari Experience. Pan Afr Med J. 2020;35(Suppl 2):126. http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.2020.35.25005
http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.202...
,4040 Çevik H, Ungan M. The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and residency training of family medicine residents: findings from a nationwide cross-sectional survey in Turkey. BMC Fam Pract. 2021;22(1):226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-01576-9
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-015...
), reading articles and guidelines(2828 Sumiya A, Pavesi E, Tenani CF, Almeida CPB, Macêdo JA, Checchi MHR, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary health care professionals in coping with COVID-19 in Brazil: a cross-sectional study. Rev Bras Medicina Trab. 2021;19(03):274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-2021-775
http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-202...
,3636 Downie A, Mashanya T, Chipwaza B, Griffiths F, Harris B, Kalolo A, et al. Remote primary healthcare consulting in low- and middle-income countries: feasibility study of an online training program to support care delivery during the COVID-19 Pandemic. JMIR Form Res. 2021;6(6) e32964. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/32964
http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/32964...
,3838 Harris P, Kirkland R, Masanja S, Le Feuvre P, Montgomery S, Ansbro É, et al. Strengthening the primary care workforce to deliver high-quality care for non-communicable diseases in refugee settings: lessons learnt from a UNHCR partnership. BMJ Glob Health. 2022;7(Suppl 5):e007334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007334
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007...
,4444 Klein K, Roberti J, Rouvier M, Belizan M, Cafferata ML, Berrueta AM, et al. Design and feasibility of an implementation strategy to address Chagas guidelines engagement focused on attending women of childbearing age and children at the primary healthcare level in Argentina: a pilot study. BMC Prim Care. 2022;23:277. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-022-01886-6
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-022-01886...
,4747 Al-Khaldi YM, Al-Asmari BA, Al-Mosa KM, Falqi TA, Aldawood KM, AlAseeri KAZ, et al. Preparedness of Primary Care Centers for COVID-19 epidemic in Aseer region, KSA. J Family Med Prim Care. 2022;11(10):6303-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_707_22
https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_707_...
), and practical teaching(77 Odusanya OO, Adeniran A, Bakare OQ, Odugbemi BA, Enikuomehin OA, Jeje OO, et al. Building capacity of primary health care workers and clients on COVID-19: results from a web-based training. PLoS One. 2022;17(10):e0274750. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274750
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.027...
,2525 Iheanacho T, Stefanovics E, Okoro UG, Anyaehie UE, Njoku PO, Adimekwe AI, et al. Assessing knowledge, attitude, practice and training related to COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey of frontline healthcare workers in Nigeria. BMJ Open. 2021;11(9):e050138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050138
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-0...
,3838 Harris P, Kirkland R, Masanja S, Le Feuvre P, Montgomery S, Ansbro É, et al. Strengthening the primary care workforce to deliver high-quality care for non-communicable diseases in refugee settings: lessons learnt from a UNHCR partnership. BMJ Glob Health. 2022;7(Suppl 5):e007334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007334
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007...
,4141 Adánez-Martínez MG, Jiménez-Ruiz I, Carrillo-García C, Díaz-Agea JL, Ramos-Morcillo AJ, Molina-Rodríguez A, et al. Telephone-Based Structured Communication Simulation Program for the Follow-Up of COVID-19 Cases and Contacts in Primary Care. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(7):3915. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073915
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073915...
). The most recurrent teaching strategies in training actions are configured in more traditional formats. Thus, it is assumed that the learning process in services presents challenges related to the format of educational action since training in the knowledge transmission format, following the traditional teaching model, may not represent a change in practice.
Studies(2525 Iheanacho T, Stefanovics E, Okoro UG, Anyaehie UE, Njoku PO, Adimekwe AI, et al. Assessing knowledge, attitude, practice and training related to COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey of frontline healthcare workers in Nigeria. BMJ Open. 2021;11(9):e050138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050138
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-0...
,2727 Albahri AH, Alnaqbi SA, Alnaqbi SA, Alshaali AO, Shahdoor SM. Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 among healthcare workers in primary healthcare centers in Dubai: a cross-sectional survey. Front Public Health. 2021;9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.617679
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.617...
-2828 Sumiya A, Pavesi E, Tenani CF, Almeida CPB, Macêdo JA, Checchi MHR, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary health care professionals in coping with COVID-19 in Brazil: a cross-sectional study. Rev Bras Medicina Trab. 2021;19(03):274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-2021-775
http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-202...
) also point to opinions of professionals who received training but did not feel fully prepared to act in the situation for which they were trained. Healthcare professionals should be educated to mobilize competencies and engage in critical thinking about their practice(11 Frenk J, Chen LC, Chandran L, Groff EOH, King R, Meleis A, et al. Challenges and opportunities for educating health professionals after the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet. 2022;400(10362):1539-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02092-X
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02...
). For this, it is necessary to consider educational actions with the potential to provoke this kind of thinking, seeking to develop in these professionals the knowledge, skills, and attitudes appropriate to operate in the work scenario.
However, it is emphasized that training was a way to improve the knowledge and skills of healthcare professionals worldwide, considering the territorial diversity in which it was carried out, and it helped professionals, especially in pandemic control(2727 Albahri AH, Alnaqbi SA, Alnaqbi SA, Alshaali AO, Shahdoor SM. Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 among healthcare workers in primary healthcare centers in Dubai: a cross-sectional survey. Front Public Health. 2021;9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.617679
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.617...
28 Sumiya A, Pavesi E, Tenani CF, Almeida CPB, Macêdo JA, Checchi MHR, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary health care professionals in coping with COVID-19 in Brazil: a cross-sectional study. Rev Bras Medicina Trab. 2021;19(03):274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-2021-775
http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-202...
29 Steeves-Reece A, Elder NC, Graham TA, Wolf M, Stock I, Davis MM, et al. Rapid deployment of a statewide COVID-19 ECHO program for frontline clinicians: early results and lessons learned. J Rural Health. 2021;37(1):227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12462
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12462...
30 Jenkins C, Diffin J, McTernaghan T, Watson M, Fleming K. The perceived impact of project ECHO networks in Northern Ireland for health and social care providers, patients, and the health system: A qualitative analysis. Health Informatics J. 2022;28(4):146045822211354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14604582221135431
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14604582221135...
31 Phiri MM, MacPherson EE, Panulo M, Chidziwisano K, Kalua K, Chirambo CM, et al. Preparedness for and impact of COVID-19 on primary health care delivery in urban and rural Malawi: a mixed methods study. BMJ Open. 2022;12(6):e051125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051125
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-0...
32 Lau J, Tan DHY, Wong GJ, Lew YJ, Chua YX, Low LL, et al. Prepared and highly committed despite the risk of COVID-19 infection: a cross-sectional survey of primary care physicians’ concerns and coping strategies in Singapore. BMC Fam Pract. 2021;22(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-01370-7
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-013...
-3333 NasrAllah MS, Tawfik H, Aseel MT. Medicine Residency Training Program during COVID-19: Qatari Experience. Pan Afr Med J. 2020;35(Suppl 2):126. http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.2020.35.25005
http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.202...
). Even though there was a need for other educational actions, it was noted that training improved the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of professionals, albeit moderately(2525 Iheanacho T, Stefanovics E, Okoro UG, Anyaehie UE, Njoku PO, Adimekwe AI, et al. Assessing knowledge, attitude, practice and training related to COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey of frontline healthcare workers in Nigeria. BMJ Open. 2021;11(9):e050138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050138
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-0...
,2727 Albahri AH, Alnaqbi SA, Alnaqbi SA, Alshaali AO, Shahdoor SM. Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 among healthcare workers in primary healthcare centers in Dubai: a cross-sectional survey. Front Public Health. 2021;9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.617679
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.617...
-2828 Sumiya A, Pavesi E, Tenani CF, Almeida CPB, Macêdo JA, Checchi MHR, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary health care professionals in coping with COVID-19 in Brazil: a cross-sectional study. Rev Bras Medicina Trab. 2021;19(03):274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-2021-775
http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-202...
).
In Brazil, PHE actions were utilized for training professionals in primary healthcare. This emphasis on PHE actions is understood to originate from its implementation as a National Policy since 2004(1111 Ministério da Saúde (BR). Política Nacional de Educação Permanente em Saúde: o que se tem produzido para o seu fortalecimento? Departamento de Gestão da Educação na Saúde. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde [Internet]. 2018[cited 2023 May 21]. Available from: http://conselho.saude.gov.br/livros-publicacoes/2978-politica-nacional-de-educacao-permanente-em-saude-o-que-se-tem-produzido-para-o-seu-fortalecimento
http://conselho.saude.gov.br/livros-publ...
). PHE is considered a tool for problematizing the work process, beginning with an existing situation in pursuit of change, transformation, and overcoming it(1111 Ministério da Saúde (BR). Política Nacional de Educação Permanente em Saúde: o que se tem produzido para o seu fortalecimento? Departamento de Gestão da Educação na Saúde. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde [Internet]. 2018[cited 2023 May 21]. Available from: http://conselho.saude.gov.br/livros-publicacoes/2978-politica-nacional-de-educacao-permanente-em-saude-o-que-se-tem-produzido-para-o-seu-fortalecimento
http://conselho.saude.gov.br/livros-publ...
). Regardless of the teaching strategy employed, PHE comprises resources that should contribute to and enable this problematization. It is notable that discussion(1818 Santos AB, Moreno Neto JL. A supervisão acadêmica no Projeto Mais Médicos pelo Brasil antes e durante a pandemia: o que aprendemos? Rev Baiana Saúde Pública. 2022;46(1):171–83. https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022.v46.n1.a3588
https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022....
-1919 Carvalho DJG, Oliveira PS, Silva AO, Cordeiro MC, Souza TN, Neto EC, et al. Atuação dos residentes multiprofissionais em saúde da família na capacitação de agentes comunitários de saúde: relato de experiência. Rev Ciênc Plur. 2021 Oct 29;8(1):e25324. https://doi.org/10.21680/2446-7286.2022v8n1ID25324
https://doi.org/10.21680/2446-7286.2022v...
,2222 Cavalcanti AO, Santana DD. Potencialidades e fragilidades da supervisão acadêmica no cenário da pandemia do Covid-19: relato de experiência. Rev Baiana Saúde Pública. 2022;46(1):294–303. https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022.v46.n1.a3574
https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022....
,2323 Teixeira MB, Brandão AL, Casanova A. Saberes e práticas na Atenção Primária à Saúde em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19: a experiência da residência multiprofissional em saúde da família [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 May 24]. 189 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/saberes-e-praticas-na-atencao-primaria-a-saude-em-tempos-de-pandemia-da-covid-19-a-experiencia-da-residencia-multiprofissional-em-saude-da-familia/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
) was the most utilized teaching strategy in studies conducting this educational action, as depicted in Figure 2, as it allows reflection and problematization without being confined to traditional and hierarchical teaching strategies(4949 Gonçalves CB, Pinto ICM, França T, Teixeira CF. A retomada do processo de implementação da Política Nacional de Educação Permanente em Saúde no Brasil. Saúde Debate. 2019;43(spe1):12–23. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-11042019S101
https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-11042019S10...
-5050 Ogata MN, Silva JAM, Peduzzi M, Costa MV, Fortuna CM, Feliciano AB. Interfaces entre a educação permanente e a educação interprofissional em saúde. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2021;55:e03733. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2020018903733
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X202001...
).
The implementation of PNEPS in Brazil presents challenges in promoting problematizing debates about daily work, inadequate funding, lack of knowledge about the PNEPS baseline among managers and professionals, and replication of hegemonic educational practices of the traditional teaching model as PHE(1111 Ministério da Saúde (BR). Política Nacional de Educação Permanente em Saúde: o que se tem produzido para o seu fortalecimento? Departamento de Gestão da Educação na Saúde. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde [Internet]. 2018[cited 2023 May 21]. Available from: http://conselho.saude.gov.br/livros-publicacoes/2978-politica-nacional-de-educacao-permanente-em-saude-o-que-se-tem-produzido-para-o-seu-fortalecimento
http://conselho.saude.gov.br/livros-publ...
). However, upon analyzing the educational actions in this review, the diversity of teaching strategies and their counter-hegemonic aspect compared to other presented actions are evident. Teaching strategies that contribute to problematization stand out, such as discussion(1818 Santos AB, Moreno Neto JL. A supervisão acadêmica no Projeto Mais Médicos pelo Brasil antes e durante a pandemia: o que aprendemos? Rev Baiana Saúde Pública. 2022;46(1):171–83. https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022.v46.n1.a3588
https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022....
-1919 Carvalho DJG, Oliveira PS, Silva AO, Cordeiro MC, Souza TN, Neto EC, et al. Atuação dos residentes multiprofissionais em saúde da família na capacitação de agentes comunitários de saúde: relato de experiência. Rev Ciênc Plur. 2021 Oct 29;8(1):e25324. https://doi.org/10.21680/2446-7286.2022v8n1ID25324
https://doi.org/10.21680/2446-7286.2022v...
,2222 Cavalcanti AO, Santana DD. Potencialidades e fragilidades da supervisão acadêmica no cenário da pandemia do Covid-19: relato de experiência. Rev Baiana Saúde Pública. 2022;46(1):294–303. https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022.v46.n1.a3574
https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022....
-2323 Teixeira MB, Brandão AL, Casanova A. Saberes e práticas na Atenção Primária à Saúde em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19: a experiência da residência multiprofissional em saúde da família [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 May 24]. 189 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/saberes-e-praticas-na-atencao-primaria-a-saude-em-tempos-de-pandemia-da-covid-19-a-experiencia-da-residencia-multiprofissional-em-saude-da-familia/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
), workshop(2020 Schweickardt JC, Ferla AA, Lemos SM, Oliveira R, Reis A. Pandemia e transformações sociais na Amazônia: percursos de uma pesquisa em ato [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 Aug 10]. 282 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/pandemia-e-transformacoes-sociais-na-amazonia-percursos-de-uma-pesquisa-em-ato/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
,2323 Teixeira MB, Brandão AL, Casanova A. Saberes e práticas na Atenção Primária à Saúde em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19: a experiência da residência multiprofissional em saúde da família [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 May 24]. 189 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/saberes-e-praticas-na-atencao-primaria-a-saude-em-tempos-de-pandemia-da-covid-19-a-experiencia-da-residencia-multiprofissional-em-saude-da-familia/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
), team meeting(2323 Teixeira MB, Brandão AL, Casanova A. Saberes e práticas na Atenção Primária à Saúde em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19: a experiência da residência multiprofissional em saúde da família [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 May 24]. 189 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/saberes-e-praticas-na-atencao-primaria-a-saude-em-tempos-de-pandemia-da-covid-19-a-experiencia-da-residencia-multiprofissional-em-saude-da-familia/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
), and situational analysis(2424 Santos S, Dantas M, Cavalcanti D, Motta M, Natalie R. Atuação na residência em Saúde da Família no contexto da COVID-19. Rev ABENO. 2022;22(2):1659-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.30979/revabeno.v22i2.1659
http://dx.doi.org/10.30979/revabeno.v22i...
). The openness to dialogue and problematization of work based on professionals’ prior knowledge are highlighted as differential elements compared to traditional teaching, which is based on information transmission. Dialogue is a resource that enables continuous exchange and construction of meanings through language(5050 Ogata MN, Silva JAM, Peduzzi M, Costa MV, Fortuna CM, Feliciano AB. Interfaces entre a educação permanente e a educação interprofissional em saúde. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2021;55:e03733. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2020018903733
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X202001...
).
The strategic importance of PHE is recognized for strengthening and empowering workers in times of uncertainty by promoting continuous learning through reality problematization, thus contributing to the development of professional competencies(1818 Santos AB, Moreno Neto JL. A supervisão acadêmica no Projeto Mais Médicos pelo Brasil antes e durante a pandemia: o que aprendemos? Rev Baiana Saúde Pública. 2022;46(1):171–83. https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022.v46.n1.a3588
https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022....
19 Carvalho DJG, Oliveira PS, Silva AO, Cordeiro MC, Souza TN, Neto EC, et al. Atuação dos residentes multiprofissionais em saúde da família na capacitação de agentes comunitários de saúde: relato de experiência. Rev Ciênc Plur. 2021 Oct 29;8(1):e25324. https://doi.org/10.21680/2446-7286.2022v8n1ID25324
https://doi.org/10.21680/2446-7286.2022v...
20 Schweickardt JC, Ferla AA, Lemos SM, Oliveira R, Reis A. Pandemia e transformações sociais na Amazônia: percursos de uma pesquisa em ato [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 Aug 10]. 282 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/pandemia-e-transformacoes-sociais-na-amazonia-percursos-de-uma-pesquisa-em-ato/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
21 Silva CVSR. O processo de planejamento de uma proposta de intervenção educativa utilizando a Caderneta da Criança como ferramenta pedagógica para a qualificação profissional na Atenção Primária[Dissertação] [Internet]. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. 2022 [cited 2023 May 24]. 127 p. Available from: https://www.bdtd.uerj.br:8443/handle/1/18547
https://www.bdtd.uerj.br:8443/handle/1/1...
22 Cavalcanti AO, Santana DD. Potencialidades e fragilidades da supervisão acadêmica no cenário da pandemia do Covid-19: relato de experiência. Rev Baiana Saúde Pública. 2022;46(1):294–303. https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022.v46.n1.a3574
https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022....
23 Teixeira MB, Brandão AL, Casanova A. Saberes e práticas na Atenção Primária à Saúde em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19: a experiência da residência multiprofissional em saúde da família [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 May 24]. 189 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/saberes-e-praticas-na-atencao-primaria-a-saude-em-tempos-de-pandemia-da-covid-19-a-experiencia-da-residencia-multiprofissional-em-saude-da-familia/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
-2424 Santos S, Dantas M, Cavalcanti D, Motta M, Natalie R. Atuação na residência em Saúde da Família no contexto da COVID-19. Rev ABENO. 2022;22(2):1659-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.30979/revabeno.v22i2.1659
http://dx.doi.org/10.30979/revabeno.v22i...
). Its territorial limitation is evident, presenting itself as a potent model for application in other countries.
In addition to training and PHE actions, CE initiatives were highlighted in the publications(3434 Katzman JG, Tomedi LE, Thornton K, Menking P, Stanton M, Sosa N, et al. Innovative COVID-19 Programs to Rapidly Serve New Mexico. Public Health Reports. 2020;136(1):39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354920969180
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00333549209691...
-3535 Azimirad M, Paloniitty R, Papathanasiou IV, Aleo G, Catania G, Pozzi F, et al. Examining family and community nurses’ core competencies in continuing education programs offered in primary health care settings: an integrative literature review. Nurse Educ Pract. 2023;67:103561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103561
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.10...
,3737 Bidwell S, Kennedy L, Burke M, Collier L, Hudson B. Continuing professional development in the COVID-19 era: evolution of the Pegasus Health Small Group model. J Prim Health Care. 2022;14(3):268-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/HC21145
http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/HC21145...
). CE is understood as postgraduate training for professional updating, but it is not necessarily carried out to meet the needs of the work scenario like PHE. This action was carried out to update primary healthcare professionals on COVID-19, but it was initiatives existing before the pandemic, such as education programs for professionals, characteristic of this type of educational action. CE is not a commonly used educational action for developing competencies based on the needs of the work scenario. CE positively contributed in studies where it was mentioned for significant changes in professional practice in the primary healthcare scenario facing COVID-19. The teaching strategies used were synchronous class(3737 Bidwell S, Kennedy L, Burke M, Collier L, Hudson B. Continuing professional development in the COVID-19 era: evolution of the Pegasus Health Small Group model. J Prim Health Care. 2022;14(3):268-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/HC21145
http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/HC21145...
), course(3737 Bidwell S, Kennedy L, Burke M, Collier L, Hudson B. Continuing professional development in the COVID-19 era: evolution of the Pegasus Health Small Group model. J Prim Health Care. 2022;14(3):268-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/HC21145
http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/HC21145...
), discussion(3737 Bidwell S, Kennedy L, Burke M, Collier L, Hudson B. Continuing professional development in the COVID-19 era: evolution of the Pegasus Health Small Group model. J Prim Health Care. 2022;14(3):268-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/HC21145
http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/HC21145...
), guidance(3535 Azimirad M, Paloniitty R, Papathanasiou IV, Aleo G, Catania G, Pozzi F, et al. Examining family and community nurses’ core competencies in continuing education programs offered in primary health care settings: an integrative literature review. Nurse Educ Pract. 2023;67:103561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103561
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.10...
), case study(3434 Katzman JG, Tomedi LE, Thornton K, Menking P, Stanton M, Sosa N, et al. Innovative COVID-19 Programs to Rapidly Serve New Mexico. Public Health Reports. 2020;136(1):39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354920969180
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00333549209691...
), and chat box(3434 Katzman JG, Tomedi LE, Thornton K, Menking P, Stanton M, Sosa N, et al. Innovative COVID-19 Programs to Rapidly Serve New Mexico. Public Health Reports. 2020;136(1):39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354920969180
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00333549209691...
).
It’s important to highlight that in the three types of educational actions identified in this review, teaching strategies characteristic of a remote educational format were presented, including synchronous and asynchronous classes(77 Odusanya OO, Adeniran A, Bakare OQ, Odugbemi BA, Enikuomehin OA, Jeje OO, et al. Building capacity of primary health care workers and clients on COVID-19: results from a web-based training. PLoS One. 2022;17(10):e0274750. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274750
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.027...
,2323 Teixeira MB, Brandão AL, Casanova A. Saberes e práticas na Atenção Primária à Saúde em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19: a experiência da residência multiprofissional em saúde da família [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 May 24]. 189 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/saberes-e-praticas-na-atencao-primaria-a-saude-em-tempos-de-pandemia-da-covid-19-a-experiencia-da-residencia-multiprofissional-em-saude-da-familia/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
,2828 Sumiya A, Pavesi E, Tenani CF, Almeida CPB, Macêdo JA, Checchi MHR, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary health care professionals in coping with COVID-19 in Brazil: a cross-sectional study. Rev Bras Medicina Trab. 2021;19(03):274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-2021-775
http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-202...
29 Steeves-Reece A, Elder NC, Graham TA, Wolf M, Stock I, Davis MM, et al. Rapid deployment of a statewide COVID-19 ECHO program for frontline clinicians: early results and lessons learned. J Rural Health. 2021;37(1):227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12462
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12462...
-3030 Jenkins C, Diffin J, McTernaghan T, Watson M, Fleming K. The perceived impact of project ECHO networks in Northern Ireland for health and social care providers, patients, and the health system: A qualitative analysis. Health Informatics J. 2022;28(4):146045822211354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14604582221135431
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14604582221135...
,3636 Downie A, Mashanya T, Chipwaza B, Griffiths F, Harris B, Kalolo A, et al. Remote primary healthcare consulting in low- and middle-income countries: feasibility study of an online training program to support care delivery during the COVID-19 Pandemic. JMIR Form Res. 2021;6(6) e32964. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/32964
http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/32964...
-3737 Bidwell S, Kennedy L, Burke M, Collier L, Hudson B. Continuing professional development in the COVID-19 era: evolution of the Pegasus Health Small Group model. J Prim Health Care. 2022;14(3):268-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/HC21145
http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/HC21145...
,4141 Adánez-Martínez MG, Jiménez-Ruiz I, Carrillo-García C, Díaz-Agea JL, Ramos-Morcillo AJ, Molina-Rodríguez A, et al. Telephone-Based Structured Communication Simulation Program for the Follow-Up of COVID-19 Cases and Contacts in Primary Care. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(7):3915. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073915
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073915...
,4545 Peña-Galbán LY, Hernández-Agüero M. Enfrentamiento a la COVID-19 desde la Atención Primaria de Salud de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias. Arch Méd Camagüey [Internet]. 2022[cited 2023 Aug 24];26:e9147. Available from: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1025-02552022000100058&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en
http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=s...
-4646 Veras ICG, Nascimento LPS, Fernandez CHP, Costa CM. Oximetria de pulso na atenção básica: produção de conteúdo digital na pandemia de Covid-19. Rev Baiana saúde pública. 2021;45(Esp. 2):70-79. https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2021.v45.NEspecial_2.a3273
https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2021....
,4848 Toledo-Ortiz R, González-Rojas JM, Molina-Vallejo LE, Mendoza-Velásquez JJ, Romero-Casillas Y, Cano-Collado LA, et al. Desarrollo de la estrategia educativa del INSABI: una lección aprendida a partir de la epidemia de COVID-19. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 2023 [cited 2023 aug 24]; 61(3):386-98. Available from: http://revistamedica.imss.gob.mx/editorial/index.php/revista_medica/article/view/4902/4589
http://revistamedica.imss.gob.mx/editori...
), chat boxes(2929 Steeves-Reece A, Elder NC, Graham TA, Wolf M, Stock I, Davis MM, et al. Rapid deployment of a statewide COVID-19 ECHO program for frontline clinicians: early results and lessons learned. J Rural Health. 2021;37(1):227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12462
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12462...
,3333 NasrAllah MS, Tawfik H, Aseel MT. Medicine Residency Training Program during COVID-19: Qatari Experience. Pan Afr Med J. 2020;35(Suppl 2):126. http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.2020.35.25005
http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.202...
-3434 Katzman JG, Tomedi LE, Thornton K, Menking P, Stanton M, Sosa N, et al. Innovative COVID-19 Programs to Rapidly Serve New Mexico. Public Health Reports. 2020;136(1):39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354920969180
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00333549209691...
), webinars(2525 Iheanacho T, Stefanovics E, Okoro UG, Anyaehie UE, Njoku PO, Adimekwe AI, et al. Assessing knowledge, attitude, practice and training related to COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey of frontline healthcare workers in Nigeria. BMJ Open. 2021;11(9):e050138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050138
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-0...
,2828 Sumiya A, Pavesi E, Tenani CF, Almeida CPB, Macêdo JA, Checchi MHR, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary health care professionals in coping with COVID-19 in Brazil: a cross-sectional study. Rev Bras Medicina Trab. 2021;19(03):274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-2021-775
http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-202...
,3030 Jenkins C, Diffin J, McTernaghan T, Watson M, Fleming K. The perceived impact of project ECHO networks in Northern Ireland for health and social care providers, patients, and the health system: A qualitative analysis. Health Informatics J. 2022;28(4):146045822211354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14604582221135431
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14604582221135...
,3333 NasrAllah MS, Tawfik H, Aseel MT. Medicine Residency Training Program during COVID-19: Qatari Experience. Pan Afr Med J. 2020;35(Suppl 2):126. http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.2020.35.25005
http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.202...
,4040 Çevik H, Ungan M. The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and residency training of family medicine residents: findings from a nationwide cross-sectional survey in Turkey. BMC Fam Pract. 2021;22(1):226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-01576-9
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-015...
), and web conferences(2222 Cavalcanti AO, Santana DD. Potencialidades e fragilidades da supervisão acadêmica no cenário da pandemia do Covid-19: relato de experiência. Rev Baiana Saúde Pública. 2022;46(1):294–303. https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022.v46.n1.a3574
https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022....
). The convenience and accessibility of online training were widely appreciated in the context of COVID-19 due to isolation and social distancing. However, the interpersonal connections possible in face-to-face format are considered irreplaceable(3535 Azimirad M, Paloniitty R, Papathanasiou IV, Aleo G, Catania G, Pozzi F, et al. Examining family and community nurses’ core competencies in continuing education programs offered in primary health care settings: an integrative literature review. Nurse Educ Pract. 2023;67:103561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103561
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.10...
). It is worth noting that remote training during the COVID-19 pandemic enabled the implementation of educational actions where the facilitator/moderator and the learner could be in different geographical locations(4848 Toledo-Ortiz R, González-Rojas JM, Molina-Vallejo LE, Mendoza-Velásquez JJ, Romero-Casillas Y, Cano-Collado LA, et al. Desarrollo de la estrategia educativa del INSABI: una lección aprendida a partir de la epidemia de COVID-19. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 2023 [cited 2023 aug 24]; 61(3):386-98. Available from: http://revistamedica.imss.gob.mx/editorial/index.php/revista_medica/article/view/4902/4589
http://revistamedica.imss.gob.mx/editori...
), and provided tools that contribute to professionals’ learning in a quick and dialogical manner, such as the chat box. The remote modality allows for individual-paced learning and was necessary during the pandemic period due to social distancing(2525 Iheanacho T, Stefanovics E, Okoro UG, Anyaehie UE, Njoku PO, Adimekwe AI, et al. Assessing knowledge, attitude, practice and training related to COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey of frontline healthcare workers in Nigeria. BMJ Open. 2021;11(9):e050138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050138
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-0...
26 Moura MSS, Silva RKS, Mendes PM, Sousa ASJ, Carvalho Neto FJ. Conhecimento e uso de equipamentos de proteção individual por profissionais de enfermagem durante pandemia da Covid-19. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2021;55:e20210125–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2021-0125
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-220X-REEU...
27 Albahri AH, Alnaqbi SA, Alnaqbi SA, Alshaali AO, Shahdoor SM. Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 among healthcare workers in primary healthcare centers in Dubai: a cross-sectional survey. Front Public Health. 2021;9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.617679
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.617...
28 Sumiya A, Pavesi E, Tenani CF, Almeida CPB, Macêdo JA, Checchi MHR, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary health care professionals in coping with COVID-19 in Brazil: a cross-sectional study. Rev Bras Medicina Trab. 2021;19(03):274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-2021-775
http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-202...
29 Steeves-Reece A, Elder NC, Graham TA, Wolf M, Stock I, Davis MM, et al. Rapid deployment of a statewide COVID-19 ECHO program for frontline clinicians: early results and lessons learned. J Rural Health. 2021;37(1):227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12462
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12462...
30 Jenkins C, Diffin J, McTernaghan T, Watson M, Fleming K. The perceived impact of project ECHO networks in Northern Ireland for health and social care providers, patients, and the health system: A qualitative analysis. Health Informatics J. 2022;28(4):146045822211354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14604582221135431
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14604582221135...
31 Phiri MM, MacPherson EE, Panulo M, Chidziwisano K, Kalua K, Chirambo CM, et al. Preparedness for and impact of COVID-19 on primary health care delivery in urban and rural Malawi: a mixed methods study. BMJ Open. 2022;12(6):e051125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051125
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-0...
32 Lau J, Tan DHY, Wong GJ, Lew YJ, Chua YX, Low LL, et al. Prepared and highly committed despite the risk of COVID-19 infection: a cross-sectional survey of primary care physicians’ concerns and coping strategies in Singapore. BMC Fam Pract. 2021;22(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-01370-7
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-013...
33 NasrAllah MS, Tawfik H, Aseel MT. Medicine Residency Training Program during COVID-19: Qatari Experience. Pan Afr Med J. 2020;35(Suppl 2):126. http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.2020.35.25005
http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.202...
34 Katzman JG, Tomedi LE, Thornton K, Menking P, Stanton M, Sosa N, et al. Innovative COVID-19 Programs to Rapidly Serve New Mexico. Public Health Reports. 2020;136(1):39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354920969180
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00333549209691...
-3535 Azimirad M, Paloniitty R, Papathanasiou IV, Aleo G, Catania G, Pozzi F, et al. Examining family and community nurses’ core competencies in continuing education programs offered in primary health care settings: an integrative literature review. Nurse Educ Pract. 2023;67:103561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103561
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.10...
).
The various teaching strategies presented by the studies have the potential to develop competencies to deal with COVID-19, as they have a horizontal and dialogical format, allowing the professional to play a more active role in their learning process. Among these strategies, case studies, discussion, simulation, chat, and sharing experiences in discussions and practical teaching stand out. There is also evidence of the theme of COVID-19(77 Odusanya OO, Adeniran A, Bakare OQ, Odugbemi BA, Enikuomehin OA, Jeje OO, et al. Building capacity of primary health care workers and clients on COVID-19: results from a web-based training. PLoS One. 2022;17(10):e0274750. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274750
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.027...
,1818 Santos AB, Moreno Neto JL. A supervisão acadêmica no Projeto Mais Médicos pelo Brasil antes e durante a pandemia: o que aprendemos? Rev Baiana Saúde Pública. 2022;46(1):171–83. https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022.v46.n1.a3588
https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022....
,2020 Schweickardt JC, Ferla AA, Lemos SM, Oliveira R, Reis A. Pandemia e transformações sociais na Amazônia: percursos de uma pesquisa em ato [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 Aug 10]. 282 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/pandemia-e-transformacoes-sociais-na-amazonia-percursos-de-uma-pesquisa-em-ato/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
,2222 Cavalcanti AO, Santana DD. Potencialidades e fragilidades da supervisão acadêmica no cenário da pandemia do Covid-19: relato de experiência. Rev Baiana Saúde Pública. 2022;46(1):294–303. https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022.v46.n1.a3574
https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022....
23 Teixeira MB, Brandão AL, Casanova A. Saberes e práticas na Atenção Primária à Saúde em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19: a experiência da residência multiprofissional em saúde da família [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 May 24]. 189 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/saberes-e-praticas-na-atencao-primaria-a-saude-em-tempos-de-pandemia-da-covid-19-a-experiencia-da-residencia-multiprofissional-em-saude-da-familia/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
-2424 Santos S, Dantas M, Cavalcanti D, Motta M, Natalie R. Atuação na residência em Saúde da Família no contexto da COVID-19. Rev ABENO. 2022;22(2):1659-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.30979/revabeno.v22i2.1659
http://dx.doi.org/10.30979/revabeno.v22i...
,2828 Sumiya A, Pavesi E, Tenani CF, Almeida CPB, Macêdo JA, Checchi MHR, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary health care professionals in coping with COVID-19 in Brazil: a cross-sectional study. Rev Bras Medicina Trab. 2021;19(03):274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-2021-775
http://dx.doi.org/10.47626/1679-4435-202...
,3131 Phiri MM, MacPherson EE, Panulo M, Chidziwisano K, Kalua K, Chirambo CM, et al. Preparedness for and impact of COVID-19 on primary health care delivery in urban and rural Malawi: a mixed methods study. BMJ Open. 2022;12(6):e051125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051125
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-0...
,3333 NasrAllah MS, Tawfik H, Aseel MT. Medicine Residency Training Program during COVID-19: Qatari Experience. Pan Afr Med J. 2020;35(Suppl 2):126. http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.2020.35.25005
http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.202...
34 Katzman JG, Tomedi LE, Thornton K, Menking P, Stanton M, Sosa N, et al. Innovative COVID-19 Programs to Rapidly Serve New Mexico. Public Health Reports. 2020;136(1):39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354920969180
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00333549209691...
35 Azimirad M, Paloniitty R, Papathanasiou IV, Aleo G, Catania G, Pozzi F, et al. Examining family and community nurses’ core competencies in continuing education programs offered in primary health care settings: an integrative literature review. Nurse Educ Pract. 2023;67:103561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103561
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.10...
-3636 Downie A, Mashanya T, Chipwaza B, Griffiths F, Harris B, Kalolo A, et al. Remote primary healthcare consulting in low- and middle-income countries: feasibility study of an online training program to support care delivery during the COVID-19 Pandemic. JMIR Form Res. 2021;6(6) e32964. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/32964
http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/32964...
,4040 Çevik H, Ungan M. The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and residency training of family medicine residents: findings from a nationwide cross-sectional survey in Turkey. BMC Fam Pract. 2021;22(1):226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-01576-9
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-015...
-4141 Adánez-Martínez MG, Jiménez-Ruiz I, Carrillo-García C, Díaz-Agea JL, Ramos-Morcillo AJ, Molina-Rodríguez A, et al. Telephone-Based Structured Communication Simulation Program for the Follow-Up of COVID-19 Cases and Contacts in Primary Care. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(7):3915. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073915
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073915...
,4343 Bury G, Smith SM, Kelly MT, Bradley CP, Howard WR, Egan M. COVID-19 community assessment hubs in Ireland: the experience of clinicians. Ir J Med Sci. 2021;190(2):475-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-020-02381-6
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-020-02381...
,4545 Peña-Galbán LY, Hernández-Agüero M. Enfrentamiento a la COVID-19 desde la Atención Primaria de Salud de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias. Arch Méd Camagüey [Internet]. 2022[cited 2023 Aug 24];26:e9147. Available from: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1025-02552022000100058&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en
http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=s...
46 Veras ICG, Nascimento LPS, Fernandez CHP, Costa CM. Oximetria de pulso na atenção básica: produção de conteúdo digital na pandemia de Covid-19. Rev Baiana saúde pública. 2021;45(Esp. 2):70-79. https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2021.v45.NEspecial_2.a3273
https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2021....
47 Al-Khaldi YM, Al-Asmari BA, Al-Mosa KM, Falqi TA, Aldawood KM, AlAseeri KAZ, et al. Preparedness of Primary Care Centers for COVID-19 epidemic in Aseer region, KSA. J Family Med Prim Care. 2022;11(10):6303-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_707_22
https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_707_...
-4848 Toledo-Ortiz R, González-Rojas JM, Molina-Vallejo LE, Mendoza-Velásquez JJ, Romero-Casillas Y, Cano-Collado LA, et al. Desarrollo de la estrategia educativa del INSABI: una lección aprendida a partir de la epidemia de COVID-19. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 2023 [cited 2023 aug 24]; 61(3):386-98. Available from: http://revistamedica.imss.gob.mx/editorial/index.php/revista_medica/article/view/4902/4589
http://revistamedica.imss.gob.mx/editori...
) in Figure 3 as the focus in most publications, followed by related topics such as: ppe(2020 Schweickardt JC, Ferla AA, Lemos SM, Oliveira R, Reis A. Pandemia e transformações sociais na Amazônia: percursos de uma pesquisa em ato [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 Aug 10]. 282 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/pandemia-e-transformacoes-sociais-na-amazonia-percursos-de-uma-pesquisa-em-ato/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
,2525 Iheanacho T, Stefanovics E, Okoro UG, Anyaehie UE, Njoku PO, Adimekwe AI, et al. Assessing knowledge, attitude, practice and training related to COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey of frontline healthcare workers in Nigeria. BMJ Open. 2021;11(9):e050138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050138
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-0...
-2626 Moura MSS, Silva RKS, Mendes PM, Sousa ASJ, Carvalho Neto FJ. Conhecimento e uso de equipamentos de proteção individual por profissionais de enfermagem durante pandemia da Covid-19. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2021;55:e20210125–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2021-0125
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-220X-REEU...
,2929 Steeves-Reece A, Elder NC, Graham TA, Wolf M, Stock I, Davis MM, et al. Rapid deployment of a statewide COVID-19 ECHO program for frontline clinicians: early results and lessons learned. J Rural Health. 2021;37(1):227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12462
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12462...
,3232 Lau J, Tan DHY, Wong GJ, Lew YJ, Chua YX, Low LL, et al. Prepared and highly committed despite the risk of COVID-19 infection: a cross-sectional survey of primary care physicians’ concerns and coping strategies in Singapore. BMC Fam Pract. 2021;22(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-01370-7
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-013...
33 NasrAllah MS, Tawfik H, Aseel MT. Medicine Residency Training Program during COVID-19: Qatari Experience. Pan Afr Med J. 2020;35(Suppl 2):126. http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.2020.35.25005
http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.202...
-3434 Katzman JG, Tomedi LE, Thornton K, Menking P, Stanton M, Sosa N, et al. Innovative COVID-19 Programs to Rapidly Serve New Mexico. Public Health Reports. 2020;136(1):39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354920969180
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00333549209691...
,3939 Lau J, Tan DHY, Wong GJ, Lew YJ, Chua YX, Low LL, et al. The impact of COVID-19 on private and public primary care physicians: a cross-sectional study. J Infect Public Health. 2021;14(3):285-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.12.028
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.12...
-4040 Çevik H, Ungan M. The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and residency training of family medicine residents: findings from a nationwide cross-sectional survey in Turkey. BMC Fam Pract. 2021;22(1):226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-01576-9
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-015...
,4343 Bury G, Smith SM, Kelly MT, Bradley CP, Howard WR, Egan M. COVID-19 community assessment hubs in Ireland: the experience of clinicians. Ir J Med Sci. 2021;190(2):475-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-020-02381-6
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-020-02381...
,4747 Al-Khaldi YM, Al-Asmari BA, Al-Mosa KM, Falqi TA, Aldawood KM, AlAseeri KAZ, et al. Preparedness of Primary Care Centers for COVID-19 epidemic in Aseer region, KSA. J Family Med Prim Care. 2022;11(10):6303-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_707_22
https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_707_...
), infection control(2525 Iheanacho T, Stefanovics E, Okoro UG, Anyaehie UE, Njoku PO, Adimekwe AI, et al. Assessing knowledge, attitude, practice and training related to COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey of frontline healthcare workers in Nigeria. BMJ Open. 2021;11(9):e050138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050138
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-0...
,2727 Albahri AH, Alnaqbi SA, Alnaqbi SA, Alshaali AO, Shahdoor SM. Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 among healthcare workers in primary healthcare centers in Dubai: a cross-sectional survey. Front Public Health. 2021;9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.617679
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.617...
,3232 Lau J, Tan DHY, Wong GJ, Lew YJ, Chua YX, Low LL, et al. Prepared and highly committed despite the risk of COVID-19 infection: a cross-sectional survey of primary care physicians’ concerns and coping strategies in Singapore. BMC Fam Pract. 2021;22(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-01370-7
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-013...
-3333 NasrAllah MS, Tawfik H, Aseel MT. Medicine Residency Training Program during COVID-19: Qatari Experience. Pan Afr Med J. 2020;35(Suppl 2):126. http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.2020.35.25005
http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.202...
,3939 Lau J, Tan DHY, Wong GJ, Lew YJ, Chua YX, Low LL, et al. The impact of COVID-19 on private and public primary care physicians: a cross-sectional study. J Infect Public Health. 2021;14(3):285-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.12.028
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.12...
,4242 Alzahrani ML. Hakeem A, Talmesany T. Knowledge of the primary healthcare physicians in the Al-Baha Region about COVID-19 personal protective measures. J Fam Med Prim Care Rev. 2022;11(8):4536-44. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_181_22
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,4545 Peña-Galbán LY, Hernández-Agüero M. Enfrentamiento a la COVID-19 desde la Atención Primaria de Salud de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias. Arch Méd Camagüey [Internet]. 2022[cited 2023 Aug 24];26:e9147. Available from: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1025-02552022000100058&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en
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,4747 Al-Khaldi YM, Al-Asmari BA, Al-Mosa KM, Falqi TA, Aldawood KM, AlAseeri KAZ, et al. Preparedness of Primary Care Centers for COVID-19 epidemic in Aseer region, KSA. J Family Med Prim Care. 2022;11(10):6303-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_707_22
https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_707_...
), organization of work processes during the pandemic(1818 Santos AB, Moreno Neto JL. A supervisão acadêmica no Projeto Mais Médicos pelo Brasil antes e durante a pandemia: o que aprendemos? Rev Baiana Saúde Pública. 2022;46(1):171–83. https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022.v46.n1.a3588
https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2022....
, 2323 Teixeira MB, Brandão AL, Casanova A. Saberes e práticas na Atenção Primária à Saúde em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19: a experiência da residência multiprofissional em saúde da família [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 May 24]. 189 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/saberes-e-praticas-na-atencao-primaria-a-saude-em-tempos-de-pandemia-da-covid-19-a-experiencia-da-residencia-multiprofissional-em-saude-da-familia/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
,2525 Iheanacho T, Stefanovics E, Okoro UG, Anyaehie UE, Njoku PO, Adimekwe AI, et al. Assessing knowledge, attitude, practice and training related to COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey of frontline healthcare workers in Nigeria. BMJ Open. 2021;11(9):e050138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050138
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-0...
), epidemiology(77 Odusanya OO, Adeniran A, Bakare OQ, Odugbemi BA, Enikuomehin OA, Jeje OO, et al. Building capacity of primary health care workers and clients on COVID-19: results from a web-based training. PLoS One. 2022;17(10):e0274750. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274750
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.027...
,4343 Bury G, Smith SM, Kelly MT, Bradley CP, Howard WR, Egan M. COVID-19 community assessment hubs in Ireland: the experience of clinicians. Ir J Med Sci. 2021;190(2):475-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-020-02381-6
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-020-02381...
), guidance on telehealth(2929 Steeves-Reece A, Elder NC, Graham TA, Wolf M, Stock I, Davis MM, et al. Rapid deployment of a statewide COVID-19 ECHO program for frontline clinicians: early results and lessons learned. J Rural Health. 2021;37(1):227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12462
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12462...
,3333 NasrAllah MS, Tawfik H, Aseel MT. Medicine Residency Training Program during COVID-19: Qatari Experience. Pan Afr Med J. 2020;35(Suppl 2):126. http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.2020.35.25005
http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.202...
), hand hygiene(2323 Teixeira MB, Brandão AL, Casanova A. Saberes e práticas na Atenção Primária à Saúde em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19: a experiência da residência multiprofissional em saúde da família [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 May 24]. 189 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/saberes-e-praticas-na-atencao-primaria-a-saude-em-tempos-de-pandemia-da-covid-19-a-experiencia-da-residencia-multiprofissional-em-saude-da-familia/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
), and remote consulting(3636 Downie A, Mashanya T, Chipwaza B, Griffiths F, Harris B, Kalolo A, et al. Remote primary healthcare consulting in low- and middle-income countries: feasibility study of an online training program to support care delivery during the COVID-19 Pandemic. JMIR Form Res. 2021;6(6) e32964. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/32964
http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/32964...
). This evidence was expected due to the context of the review.
Less frequently, themes such as NCDs(3535 Azimirad M, Paloniitty R, Papathanasiou IV, Aleo G, Catania G, Pozzi F, et al. Examining family and community nurses’ core competencies in continuing education programs offered in primary health care settings: an integrative literature review. Nurse Educ Pract. 2023;67:103561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103561
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.10...
,3838 Harris P, Kirkland R, Masanja S, Le Feuvre P, Montgomery S, Ansbro É, et al. Strengthening the primary care workforce to deliver high-quality care for non-communicable diseases in refugee settings: lessons learnt from a UNHCR partnership. BMJ Glob Health. 2022;7(Suppl 5):e007334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007334
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007...
), mental health(1919 Carvalho DJG, Oliveira PS, Silva AO, Cordeiro MC, Souza TN, Neto EC, et al. Atuação dos residentes multiprofissionais em saúde da família na capacitação de agentes comunitários de saúde: relato de experiência. Rev Ciênc Plur. 2021 Oct 29;8(1):e25324. https://doi.org/10.21680/2446-7286.2022v8n1ID25324
https://doi.org/10.21680/2446-7286.2022v...
,2323 Teixeira MB, Brandão AL, Casanova A. Saberes e práticas na Atenção Primária à Saúde em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19: a experiência da residência multiprofissional em saúde da família [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 May 24]. 189 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/saberes-e-praticas-na-atencao-primaria-a-saude-em-tempos-de-pandemia-da-covid-19-a-experiencia-da-residencia-multiprofissional-em-saude-da-familia/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
), violence against women(1919 Carvalho DJG, Oliveira PS, Silva AO, Cordeiro MC, Souza TN, Neto EC, et al. Atuação dos residentes multiprofissionais em saúde da família na capacitação de agentes comunitários de saúde: relato de experiência. Rev Ciênc Plur. 2021 Oct 29;8(1):e25324. https://doi.org/10.21680/2446-7286.2022v8n1ID25324
https://doi.org/10.21680/2446-7286.2022v...
,3535 Azimirad M, Paloniitty R, Papathanasiou IV, Aleo G, Catania G, Pozzi F, et al. Examining family and community nurses’ core competencies in continuing education programs offered in primary health care settings: an integrative literature review. Nurse Educ Pract. 2023;67:103561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103561
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.10...
), professional ethics(1919 Carvalho DJG, Oliveira PS, Silva AO, Cordeiro MC, Souza TN, Neto EC, et al. Atuação dos residentes multiprofissionais em saúde da família na capacitação de agentes comunitários de saúde: relato de experiência. Rev Ciênc Plur. 2021 Oct 29;8(1):e25324. https://doi.org/10.21680/2446-7286.2022v8n1ID25324
https://doi.org/10.21680/2446-7286.2022v...
,4141 Adánez-Martínez MG, Jiménez-Ruiz I, Carrillo-García C, Díaz-Agea JL, Ramos-Morcillo AJ, Molina-Rodríguez A, et al. Telephone-Based Structured Communication Simulation Program for the Follow-Up of COVID-19 Cases and Contacts in Primary Care. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(7):3915. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073915
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073915...
), nutrition(2323 Teixeira MB, Brandão AL, Casanova A. Saberes e práticas na Atenção Primária à Saúde em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19: a experiência da residência multiprofissional em saúde da família [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 May 24]. 189 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/saberes-e-praticas-na-atencao-primaria-a-saude-em-tempos-de-pandemia-da-covid-19-a-experiencia-da-residencia-multiprofissional-em-saude-da-familia/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
,3838 Harris P, Kirkland R, Masanja S, Le Feuvre P, Montgomery S, Ansbro É, et al. Strengthening the primary care workforce to deliver high-quality care for non-communicable diseases in refugee settings: lessons learnt from a UNHCR partnership. BMJ Glob Health. 2022;7(Suppl 5):e007334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007334
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007...
), elderly health(1919 Carvalho DJG, Oliveira PS, Silva AO, Cordeiro MC, Souza TN, Neto EC, et al. Atuação dos residentes multiprofissionais em saúde da família na capacitação de agentes comunitários de saúde: relato de experiência. Rev Ciênc Plur. 2021 Oct 29;8(1):e25324. https://doi.org/10.21680/2446-7286.2022v8n1ID25324
https://doi.org/10.21680/2446-7286.2022v...
,2929 Steeves-Reece A, Elder NC, Graham TA, Wolf M, Stock I, Davis MM, et al. Rapid deployment of a statewide COVID-19 ECHO program for frontline clinicians: early results and lessons learned. J Rural Health. 2021;37(1):227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12462
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12462...
), humanized care(2020 Schweickardt JC, Ferla AA, Lemos SM, Oliveira R, Reis A. Pandemia e transformações sociais na Amazônia: percursos de uma pesquisa em ato [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 Aug 10]. 282 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/pandemia-e-transformacoes-sociais-na-amazonia-percursos-de-uma-pesquisa-em-ato/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
), measles surveillance actions(2020 Schweickardt JC, Ferla AA, Lemos SM, Oliveira R, Reis A. Pandemia e transformações sociais na Amazônia: percursos de uma pesquisa em ato [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 Aug 10]. 282 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/pandemia-e-transformacoes-sociais-na-amazonia-percursos-de-uma-pesquisa-em-ato/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
), neuromotor assessment(2020 Schweickardt JC, Ferla AA, Lemos SM, Oliveira R, Reis A. Pandemia e transformações sociais na Amazônia: percursos de uma pesquisa em ato [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 Aug 10]. 282 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/pandemia-e-transformacoes-sociais-na-amazonia-percursos-de-uma-pesquisa-em-ato/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
), child development surveillance(2121 Silva CVSR. O processo de planejamento de uma proposta de intervenção educativa utilizando a Caderneta da Criança como ferramenta pedagógica para a qualificação profissional na Atenção Primária[Dissertação] [Internet]. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. 2022 [cited 2023 May 24]. 127 p. Available from: https://www.bdtd.uerj.br:8443/handle/1/18547
https://www.bdtd.uerj.br:8443/handle/1/1...
), breathing techniques(2323 Teixeira MB, Brandão AL, Casanova A. Saberes e práticas na Atenção Primária à Saúde em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19: a experiência da residência multiprofissional em saúde da família [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Rede Unida. 2022 [cited 2023 May 24]. 189 p. Available from: https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project/saberes-e-praticas-na-atencao-primaria-a-saude-em-tempos-de-pandemia-da-covid-19-a-experiencia-da-residencia-multiprofissional-em-saude-da-familia/
https://editora.redeunida.org.br/project...
), community health needs(3535 Azimirad M, Paloniitty R, Papathanasiou IV, Aleo G, Catania G, Pozzi F, et al. Examining family and community nurses’ core competencies in continuing education programs offered in primary health care settings: an integrative literature review. Nurse Educ Pract. 2023;67:103561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103561
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.10...
), and introduction to PHC(4848 Toledo-Ortiz R, González-Rojas JM, Molina-Vallejo LE, Mendoza-Velásquez JJ, Romero-Casillas Y, Cano-Collado LA, et al. Desarrollo de la estrategia educativa del INSABI: una lección aprendida a partir de la epidemia de COVID-19. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 2023 [cited 2023 aug 24]; 61(3):386-98. Available from: http://revistamedica.imss.gob.mx/editorial/index.php/revista_medica/article/view/4902/4589
http://revistamedica.imss.gob.mx/editori...
) were identified. Thus, it is important to highlight that PHC focuses on disease prevention and health promotion, with a focus on COVID-19, which may have left gaps in professionals’ knowledge about other topics in this scenario.
The evidence does not clearly indicate how competency development is evaluated or achieved. Therefore, the need for primary studies that seek to understand how these competencies are mobilized in PHC is emphasized. It is emphasized that crisis and post-crisis moments are considered potential for ruptures and advances in existing social practices.
Study limitations
This study had limitations regarding the number of databases searched, which may have hindered access to other data.
Contributions to the Health and Nursing Field
We believe that the evidence from this study can guide healthcare professionals and managers in maintaining, implementing, and improving the care offered to users through the promotion of contextualized and problematized learning actions by teams about their own work.
FINAL CONSIDERATIONS
The educational actions conducted for the development of professional competencies mapped in this study included CE, PHE, and training. The findings prompt reflections on the importance of developing contextualized learning actions in the daily work routine. The potential of PHE for training and enhancing healthcare work is underscored, considering its learning methods that stimulate problematization about practice scenarios aiming at transforming both the professional and the practice itself. There is also a need for investment and strengthening of policies and programs, particularly in primary studies to understand the educational actions aimed at promoting continuous training of professionals for work in PHC. PHE was regarded as having the potential for problematization and the development of professional competencies for transforming practice at work. However, this concept is developed only within the Brazilian territory.
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FUNDING
We thank the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for the research grant that contributed to the completion of this study.
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Edited by
EDITOR IN CHIEF
ASSOCIATE EDITOR
Publication Dates
-
Publication in this collection
30 Aug 2024 -
Date of issue
2024
History
-
Received
25 Aug 2023 -
Accepted
27 Mar 2024