Factores de riesgo de enfermedad coronaria en estudiantes de enfermería

estudio observacional, transversal con estudiantes de enfermería de una universidad pública de Niterói, RJ. La recolección de datos involucró instrumentos validados para su uso en Brasil. Se utilizó la puntuación PROCAM Quick Check para estimar el riesgo cardiovascular.

Resultados:

de los 110 estudiantes, 88 (80%) eran mujeres, con una edad media de 22,03±3,63 años. Los factores de riesgo cardiovascular más relevantes fueron el consumo de alcohol 62 (56,4%), los antecedentes familiares de enfermedad coronaria 35 (31,8%), los malos hábitos alimentarios (49,5%) y el estrés, cuyo dominio “Entrenamiento profesional” recibió el promedio más alto, con 11,62±3,42 puntos.

Conclusiones:

los factores de riesgo más frecuentes en los estudiantes de enfermería son el estrés, la nutrición inadecuada y el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas de riesgo. Estos presentan un riesgo bajo de enfermedad de las arterias coronarias a través de la puntuación PROCAM Quick Check.

Descriptores:
Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria; Aterosclerosis; Enfermedades Cardiovasculares; Estudiantes de Enfermería; Factores de Riesgo

Variables	N=110
Age (years)	22.03±3.63^* * Mean and standard deviation;
Sex (Female)	88 (80)^† † n(%);
Self-declared color
Mixed-ethniticity	29 (26.4)^† † n(%);
White	68 (61.8)^† † n(%);
Black	13 (11.8)^† † n(%);
Marital status
Single	104 (94.5)^† † n(%);
Married	6 (5.5)^† † n(%);
Undergraduate cycle
Basic (1^st, 2^nd and 3^rd periods)	25 (22.7)^† † n(%);
Transition (4^th, 5^th and 6^th periods)	54 (49.1)^† † n(%);
Professional (7^th, 8^th and 9^th periods)	31 (28.2)^† † n(%);
Personal monthly income
Less than 01 minimum wage	88 (81.5)^† † n(%);
From 01 to 03 minimum wages	17 (15.7)^† † n(%);
Above 03 minimum wages	3 (2.8)^† † n(%);
Family monthly income
From 01 to 03 minimum wages	91 (82.7)^† † n(%);
Above 03 minimum wages	19 (17.2)^† † n(%);
Alcohol consumption	62 (56.4)^† † n(%);
Tobacco use	4 (3.6)^† † n(%);
Family history of HP^‡ ‡ HP - hypertension;	91 (82.7)^† † n(%);
Family history of DM^§ § DM - diabetes mellitus;	71 (64.5)^† † n(%);
Family history of CAD^\|\| \|\| CAD - coronary artery disease.	35 (31.8)^† † n(%);
HP^‡ ‡ HP - hypertension;	1 (0.9)^† † n(%);
DM ^§ § DM - diabetes mellitus;	1 (0.9)^† † n(%);
CAD^\|\| \|\| CAD - coronary artery disease.	0 (0)^† † n(%);
Hours of study
Weekdays	3.05±1.45^* * Mean and standard deviation;
Weekend	4.62±1.00^* * Mean and standard deviation;
Hours of sleep
Less than 3 hours/day	12 (10.9%)
3 - 7 hours/day	88 (80%)
8 hours a day	10 (9.1%)
More than 8 hours a day	0 (0%)
Systolic Blood Pressure	112.79±12.59^* * Mean and standard deviation;
Diastolic Blood Pressure	74.59±10.32^* * Mean and standard deviation;
Anthropometric assessment
Height	1.65±0.74^* * Mean and standard deviation;
Body Mass Index	23.90±5.18^* * Mean and standard deviation;
Waist circumference (cm)	77.80±11.03^* * Mean and standard deviation;
Man	86.14±9.237^* * Mean and standard deviation;
Woman	75.69±10.47^* * Mean and standard deviation;

Variables	N=110
Stress
Practical activities (Dom_1)	10.90±3.82^* * Mean and standard deviation;
Professional communication (Dom_2)	6.0±2.99^* * Mean and standard deviation;
Time management (Dom_3)	11.44±2.51^* * Mean and standard deviation;
Environment (Dom_4)	6.84±3.85^* * Mean and standard deviation;
Professional training (Dom_5)	11.62±3.42^* * Mean and standard deviation;
Theoretical activity (Dom_6)	10.50±2.38^* * Mean and standard deviation;
AUDIT (alcohol consumption)	6 (2-9)^† † median.
Food pattern questionnaire	28.39±5.47^* * Mean and standard deviation;
IPAQ (physical activity)	3 (3-4)^† † median.
PROCAM	3.50 (0.25-10.75)^† † median.

Variables	Level of stress N(%)
Variables	Low	Medium	High	Very high
Carrying out practical activities	30 (27.3)	40 (36.4)	22 (20)	18 (16.4)
Professional communication	40 (36.4)	21 (19.1)	28 (25.5)	21 (19.1)
Time management	35 (31.8)	35 (31.8)	29 (26.4)	11 (10)
Environment	62 (56.4)	18 (16.4)	8 (7.3)	22 (20)
Professional training	32 (53.3)	8 (13.3)	8 (13.3)	12 (20)
Theoretical activity	37 (33.6)	30 (27.3)	32 (29.1)	11 (10)

BMI (kg/m²)	Female (n=83)			Male (n=21)
BMI (kg/m²)	N(%)	Waist Circumference (cm)^* * Median/Anova;	p value^‡ ‡ Kruskal-Wallis test	n(%)	Waist Circumference (cm)^† † Mean and standard deviation;	p value^‡ ‡ Kruskal-Wallis test
Low weight	8 (7.69)	64 (62.25-68)^* * Median/Anova;	0.001^‡ ‡ Kruskal-Wallis test	2 (1.92)	72.50±0.70^† † Mean and standard deviation;	0.003^‡ ‡ Kruskal-Wallis test
Healthy weight	55 (52.88)	72 (68 -77)^* * Median/Anova;		7 (6.73)	80.71±6.96^† † Mean and standard deviation;
Overweight	11 (10.58)	80 (77-86)^* * Median/Anova;		10 (9.62)	91.10±7.14^† † Mean and standard deviation;
Obesity	9 (8.65)	97 (92-103.50)^* * Median/Anova;		2 (1.92)	94.00±2.82^† † Mean and standard deviation;

Variables	Basic cycle^* * n(%);	Transition^* * n(%);	Professional cycle^* * n(%);	p value^† † chi-square test.
Food pattern (n=109)
Bad	15 (13.76)	27 (24.77)	12 (11)
Intermediate	10 (9.17)	27 (24.77)	18 (16.51)
Good	-	-	-
AUDIT (n=62)
Low risk/teetotaler	10 (16.12)	20 (32.25)	11 (17.74)
Risk consumption	4 (6.45)	11 (17.74)	5 (8.06)
Harmful	-	1 (1.61)	-
Dependent	-	-	-
Very high stress (n=95)
Practical activity	1 (0.90)	12 (10.90)	5 (4.54)	0.002
Communication	1 (0.90)	12 (10.90)	8 (7.27)	0.001
Time management	2 (1.81)	6 (5.45)	3 (2.72)	0.697
Environment	1 (0.90)	13 (11.81)	8 (7.27)	0.123
Professional training	-	6 (5.45)	6 (5.45)	0.013
Theoretical activity	2 (1.81)	6 (5.45)	3 (2.72)	0.939
PROCAM (n=104)
PROCAM (0 to 8)	15 (14.42)	34 (32.69)	26 (25)
PROCAM (9 to 16)	5 (4.80)	16 (15.38)	3 (2.88)
PROCAM (17 to 24)	2 (1.92)	-	1 (0.91)
PROCAM (25 to 32)		2 (1.92)	-
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) - BMI (n=104)
Low weight	2 (1.92)	6 (5.77)	2 (1.92)
Healthy weight	15 (14.42)	28 (26.92)	19 (18.27)
Overweight	2 (1.92)	10 (9.62)	9 (8.65)
Obesity	3 (2.88)	8 (7.69)	-
IPAQ (n=109)
Inactive	0(0)	3(2.8)	0(0)
Irregularly active	7(6.4)	8(7.3)	8(7.3)	0.415
Active	14(12.8)	25(23.0)	12(11.0)
Very active	4(3.7)	17(15.6)	11(10.1)

Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem SGA Norte Quadra 603 Conj. "B" - Av. L2 Norte 70830-102 Brasília, DF, Brasil, Tel.: (55 61) 3226-0653, Fax: (55 61) 3225-4473 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: reben@abennacional.org.br

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[1] Corresponding author: Hadassa da Silva Caldeira de Moraes. E-mail: hadassa.moraes@hotmail.com