Ciência & Educação is an open-access, online scientific journal published annually. It is issued by the Graduate Program in Science Education (PPGEdC) at the Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), which is among the first graduate programs established in Brazil in the field of Science and Mathematics Education.

Under the supervision of an Editorial Board composed of PPGEdC faculty members, the journal was established and began publication in 1995. It is recognized as one of the first and most prominent journals in the field of Science and Mathematics Education in Brazil. Ciência & Educação operates in accordance with specific regulations approved by the Congregation of the Faculty of Sciences at the UNESP Bauru campus.

As of 2026, the journal has a distinguished editorial board and a network of more than seven hundred reviewers from different countries, giving it an international reach. In addition, it is part of a select group of scientific journals classified as Qualis A1—the highest rating in the Brazilian system for evaluating academic journals—by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES).

Our mission is to publish and disseminate scientific articles presenting empirical or theoretical research results, as well as original essays on topics related to the teaching of science, mathematics, and related fields.

This journal follows the Gold Open Access model, under which all content is made freely and permanently available online immediately upon publication, without any subscription or access fees. This approach enhances the visibility of published research, supports its reproducibility, and fosters the broad dissemination of scientific knowledge.

Through the Creative Commons CC-BY license, the author grants Ciência & Educação the rights to use the paper, allowing the published work to be accessed immediately and free of charge. Any user is authorized to read, download, reproduce, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, crawl them for indexing purposes, use them as data for software, or use them for any other legal purpose, provided that proper credit is given to the creator, a link to the license is provided, and any changes made to the document are indicated.

Our editorial policy follows the principles of research communication in the context of Open Science, which takes place across different levels of practice oriented toward integrity, transparency, and collaboration between the scientific community and society, with the aim of generating a positive impact on the production of knowledge, particularly in the educational and social sectors. 

Open Science encompasses a range of policies and initiatives aimed at disseminating knowledge, particularly through digital means. Its purpose is to facilitate access to research results, enabling their reuse and reproducibility. These results include publications, data, methodologies, and computational processes employed in the development of research.

In accordance with the principles of Open Science, this journal adopts a range of practices, including: open access and the use of a Creative Commons license; disclosure of authors’ contributions to the published manuscript, following the CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy); the use of XML markup, a transparency standard that enables the use of detailed metadata to facilitate identification, citation, and interoperability; the use of plagiarism detection software and a commitment to ethical principles that prevent the manipulation of research data during processes of replication, thereby avoiding falsification; and the acceptance of preprints for publication, provided they are stored on platforms of recognized credibility.

In addition, Ciência & Educação encourages authors to share preprints in open-access repositories, to make research data, methods, and results openly available, and to promote transparency in the peer review process by publishing reviews of accepted manuscripts and fostering interaction between reviewers and authors

Our Data Availability Statement Fom is available in the manuscript submission system and must be completed by the corresponding author. The file must then be uploaded as a Non-Evaluable Document at the appropriate stage of the submission process (“Attach Files”) in the journal’s submission system.

Ciência & Educação adopts rigorous procedures to ensure the quality of its publications, as well as ethical integrity and intellectual honesty in scientific communication. All individuals involved in the journal’s editorial process are expected to adhere to the principles set forth in its publication ethics policy. In this regard, the journal seeks to ensure that there is no copying of texts or data from other authors without proper attribution to the original source; no duplicate publication of the same text or research; no fabrication or manipulation of research data; no plagiarism or self-plagiarism; no conflicts of interest; and no other practices considered to constitute misconduct.

These principles are grounded in recommendations from national and international organizations, notably the guidelines set out in the Code of Conduct of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), particularly with regard to how to address cases of misconduct, with the aim of ensuring research integrity. In addition, the journal takes into account the SciELO Codes of Ethics, as presented in the Guide to Good Practices for Strengthening Ethics in Scientific Publication (portuguese only), as well as the guidelines of the Directory of Open Access Journals  (DOAJ) and the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA).

Research conducted in Brazil must comply with the resolutions and regulations of the National Research Ethics Commission (CONEP) and, in the case of studies involving human participants, must be registered in Plataforma Brasil, the national research ethics system, after approval by the local Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) or ethics committees of the institutions where the study was conducted. In the case of investigations carried out abroad, the documents and procedures of the relevant authorities in the respective countries must be followed.

Ciência & Educação aims to publish original research articles based on the results of empirical or theoretical investigations, as well as essays on topics related to science and mathematics education. In this context, research in science and mathematics education is understood as a body of studies aimed at generating knowledge about teaching and learning processes in disciplines such as physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics, geosciences, astronomy, health education, environmental education, and related fields.

In addition, the journal is committed to disseminating national and international research in these fields to researchers, educators, students, and the broader public.

This journal follows the standards set forth in the SciELO Program Digital Preservation Policy.

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• Journal title: Ciência & Educação (Bauru. Online)
• Abbreviated title: Ciênc. Educ. (Bauru. Online)
• Publisher: São Paulo State University (UNESP), Faculty of Sciences, Bauru campus
• Publication frequency: Annual
• Publication model: Continuous publication (CP)
• Year established: 1995

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Ciência & Educação accepts articles that have been deposited on reliable and recognized preprint servers, such as SciELO Preprints, arXiv, bioRxiv, and medRxiv, provided that these deposits occurred prior to or at the time of submission to the journal. The acceptance of preprints from other servers will be evaluated by the journal’s editors.

This practice, in conjunction with the continuous publication model, contributes to the more rapid dissemination of research.

The use of preprints is at the authors’ discretion. Authors must indicate, in the Data Availability Statement Fom at the time of submission, the server on which the manuscript is deposited and its corresponding DOI.

Ciência & Educação adopts a double-anonymous peer review process and provides an online system for manuscript submission. A link to access the system is available on the journal’s homepage. 

The journal’s editorial policy establishes the following criteria for the evaluation of manuscripts: alignment with the journal’s scope; compliance with formatting, citation, and reference guidelines; originality of ideas and content; relevance of the topic; clarity and precision in defining the research focus; theoretical and methodological consistency; analytical rigor; timeliness; quality of writing; and submission as the first venue of publication, whether electronic or print, except in the case of preprints (see this page for more information on submission). Simultaneous submission to another journal is not permitted.

Submitted manuscripts are evaluated in the following stages:

1. The Editor-in-Chief or the Deputy Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the initial screening of manuscripts. This stage involves verifying their alignment with the journal’s scope and guidelines, as well as confirming compliance with formal presentation requirements. Manuscripts that fall outside the scope are rejected at this stage. Those that do not meet the formal requirements are returned to the authors for revision. At this stage, similarity is assessed using iThenticate (Turnitin) software. Manuscripts with a high similarity index are rejected. In cases of self-plagiarism involving unpublished content, the manuscript is returned to the corresponding author for rewriting in the format of a journal article.
2. The manuscript is forwarded to the Section Editor, who evaluates its relevance and contribution. The Section Editor is also responsible for assigning at least two expert reviewers in the subject area to carry out the peer review.
3. At this stage, the peer review process takes place. It is conducted under a double-anonymous model and carried out using an electronic form available in the online review system.
4. Upon completion of the review process, the manuscript is returned to the Editor-in-Chief for a final decision, based on the reviewers’ recommendations.
5. The final decision may result in one of the following outcomes: acceptance, acceptance with minor revisions, acceptance with major revisions, or rejection. If revisions are required, the manuscript is returned to the corresponding author along with the reviewers’ recommendations. After the necessary revisions have been made, the corresponding author must resubmit the manuscript. Reviewers who have opted to re-evaluate the article may provide feedback on the revisions.
6. The Editor-in-Chief communicates the final decision to the corresponding author.

Although theses and dissertations are widely accessible through online institutional repositories, Ciência & Educação does not consider them to be formally edited or published documents. Accordingly, research results derived from such works are eligible for publication, provided they are presented in the form of a scientific article.

To promote transparency in the peer review process, this journal discloses, in the final published version of the article, the name(s) of the editor(s) responsible for the review.

In the future, the journal intends to offer reviewers the opportunity to interact directly with the corresponding author, with or without anonymity. In addition, subject to the consent of the parties involved, the journal may offer the option of publishing reviewers’ reports for accepted articles, with or without reviewer identification.

To promote the consolidation of Open Science practices, authors are encouraged to share all research materials — such as data, code, and other content associated with the manuscript — either prior to or during the publication process. Exceptions may apply in cases involving legal or ethical considerations.

The aim is to facilitate the evaluation of the manuscript and, if accepted, to contribute to the preservation and reuse of data and information, as well as to the reproducibility of research.

For data sharing, authors may use their institutional repositories or other relevant and trusted repositories, such as the SciELO List of Research Data Repositories (portuguese only). Alternatively, authors may indicate that the data will be made available upon reasonable request or that all data are contained in and discussed within the manuscript itself.

The repository where the data and materials are stored, if applicable, should be cited in the text in accordance with the Research Data Citation Guide (portuguese only), preferably in the Methods section, and included in both the reference list and the article’s Data Availability section.

The Data Availability Statement Fom for Ciência & Educação is available in the manuscript submission system and must be completed by the corresponding author. The completed file must then be uploaded as a Non-Evaluable Document at the appropriate stage of the submission process (“Attach Files”) within the journal’s submission system.

This journal does not charge any fees for the submission or publication of articles accepted through the peer review process, nor for access to its content.

Ciência & Educação (Bauru) adopts rigorous procedures to ensure ethical conduct in scientific communication. These principles are grounded in recommendations from national and international organizations, particularly the Code of Conduct of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), especially with regard to handling cases of misconduct and safeguarding research integrity. In addition, the journal follows the principles set out in the SciELO Codes of Ethics, as presented in the Guide to Best Practices for Strengthening Ethics in Scientific Publishing, as well as those of the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) and the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA).

At the time of submission to Ciência & Educação (Bauru), authors must declare that all ethical guidelines related to the integrity of the research have been observed, disclose any potential conflicts of interest, and identify all sources of funding, including research agencies. Where applicable, the corresponding author must confirm that the study was reviewed and approved by the appropriate institutional ethics committee. Responsibility for compliance with good ethical practices in research rests solely with the author. 

Articles selected for peer review are evaluated without regard to social markers of difference—such as gender, sexual orientation, race, religion, and nationality—as well as the authors’ political positions or opinions.

Responsibilities of Authors

• Contribute to the submitted work in its conception, design, data collection, analysis, or interpretation.
• Comply with the ethical and editorial guidelines established by Ciência & Educação (Bauru) and assume responsibility for adhering to them.
• Take responsibility for the content of the submitted manuscript and for addressing any issues that may arise regarding the accuracy and integrity of the published work.
• Ensure that submissions are original in terms of ideas and content. Any use of third-party material or other sources of information must be properly acknowledged in the references.
• Submit original research articles for peer review and agree to make their work openly accessible worldwide.
• Avoid excessive or inappropriate self-citation, as well as prior arrangements among groups of authors to cite one another’s work, as such practices are considered a form of misconduct.
• Refrain from submitting the same study to multiple journals simultaneously, as this is not ethically acceptable.
• Be open to acknowledging and correcting possible errors and to considering reviewers’ suggestions.
• Disclose any conflicts of interest, whether financial or non-financial. To ensure transparency, authors must declare any associations that could be perceived as a conflict of interest.
• Plagiarism is considered unacceptable. All references to other works must be properly cited.
• Disclose all sources of financial support for the project.
• Acknowledge all collaborators, agencies, and institutions that funded the study or contributed substantially to the research project.
• In studies involving animal or human subjects, ensure that the manuscript includes a statement confirming that all procedures were conducted in accordance with applicable laws and institutional guidelines and were approved by the appropriate institutional review bodies. For research involving human participants, formal approval from a Research Ethics Committee (CEP), registered through Plataforma Brasil, is required.
• Respect the privacy rights of human participants at all times.
• If a significant error or inaccuracy is identified in a published work, promptly notify the journal editor and cooperate in the correction of the article.

The Editor’s Code of Conduct

• The editor responsible for the Ciência & Educação journal must conduct a preliminary evaluation of submitted manuscripts based on the merit of their intellectual content, without regard to the authors’ characteristics, such as race, gender, sexual orientation, religious beliefs, ethnic origin, citizenship, or political views.
• Take into account the community of researchers and readers for whom the manuscript is intended when making editorial decisions.
• Maintain and improve the quality of the works published by Ciência & Educação and safeguard the integrity of the double-anonymous peer review process.
• In accordance with COPE recommendations on ethical editing, delegate submissions that fall outside their area of expertise to a member of the Editorial Board or to a guest editor.
• Refrain from disclosing information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, or other editorial advisors.
• Not use unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript in their own research without the author’s express written consent.
• Protect intellectual property.
• Ensure that evaluations are based solely on scientific merit, free from personal bias.
• Take appropriate measures to correct or retract published work in cases where errors or misconduct are identified.

Reviewers

• Manuscripts are evaluated using a double-anonymous peer review process.
• Adhere to the deadlines established for the review process.
• Conduct evaluations objectively and impartially, based solely on academic merit, without regard to the authors’ race, ethnicity, gender, religion, or nationality.
• When appropriate, suggest references that may be relevant to the work and contribute to its improvement.
• Inform the editor of any concerns, including similarities between the manuscript under review and previously published works.
• Decline the review request in cases of any conflict of interest.

Errata and Addenda

Ciência & Educação routinely provides the corresponding author with the final version of the manuscript for review and any necessary adjustments prior to publication.

Should authors become aware of any significant inconsistencies after the article has been published, it is essential that they immediately notify the editors so that the necessary corrections may be issued as an erratum. Requests for the publication of an erratum should only be made after a careful review of the SciELO Guide for Publishing Errata (portuguese only), which outlines the applicable rules and permitted circumstances.

An addendum, on the other hand, is published when it is necessary to add information to a document that has already been released. Addenda are not used to correct errors, but rather to improve the reader's understanding of a significant part of the published contribution. The publication of an addendum is subject to review and approval by the editor. For further information, we recommend consulting the SciELO Guide for Publishing Addendums (only  available in Portuguese). 

Retractions

In the event of proven misconduct, whether due to error, plagiarism, the duplication of previously published text, data fabrication, or the misuse of artificial intelligence in the preparation of data or references, the journal will issue a retraction notice to correct the scientific record.

Retraction is an essential element of the scientific communication system, serving as a public tool to record issues in a published document (partial retraction) or to communicate its withdrawal (full retraction).

If there is only reasonable evidence of misconduct, serious error, or any circumstance that compromises the integrity of the published document, but proof has not yet been established, the journal may issue an Expression of Concern while the investigation is underway.

Further information can be found in the Guide for the Publication of Retractions.

Upon submitting the manuscript, authors must disclose any potential conflicts of interest of a personal, commercial, academic, political, or financial nature that may have influenced the work presented.

During the online submission process (Step 5), Ciência & Educação requires authors to declare and describe any such conflicts. Given this digital record, the journal does not require a separate document on the matter to be uploaded to the platform

Consequently, the following is expected:

Authors must ensure transparency by disclosing any associations that could be interpreted by others as a conflict of interest. Furthermore, they are required to disclose all sources of financial support and, in the Acknowledgments section, cite the collaborators, agencies, and institutions that funded the study or contributed significantly to the research project.

Reviewers must decline a review request if they identify any conflict of interest, such as shared studies or research groups, close professional ties, or other similar circumstances.

Editors are required to declare any potential conflicts of interest in the evaluation of manuscripts and must take measures to prevent conflicts between authors and reviewers from compromising the journal’s ethical standards

For further information, please see: Disclosure of Financial and Non-Financial Relationships and Activities, and Conflicts of Interest.

Plagiarism is considered unacceptable by Ciência & Educação. The journal employs Turnitin’s iThenticate software to verify similarity, aiming to identify misconduct such as plagiarism, self-plagiarism, and the republication of articles, as well as data fabrication.

iThenticate generates a similarity report ranging from 0% to 100%. Manuscripts showing more than 30% similarity to a single source—including self-citations—are forwarded to the editors-in-chief for evaluation. Authors are then notified and provided with the report generated by the software. If a high similarity index is identified, the manuscript is rejected. In cases of self-plagiarism involving unpublished content, the manuscript is returned to the corresponding author so that it may be rewritten in an appropriate article format.

This tool is utilized after the manuscript has been screened for alignment with the journal’s scope and guidelines, and once compliance with formal presentation requirements has been confirmed.

The journal Ciência & Educação recognizes that tools and applications based on Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) have the potential to play a significant role in the preparation, review, and translation of scientific manuscripts. Nevertheless, the use of such technologies must comply with the principles of transparency, integrity, and scientific responsibility. Guidelines regarding the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) are as follows:

1. Mandatory Human Authorship: AI tools cannot be recognized as authors. Only human individuals who have contributed substantially to the intellectual content of the manuscript can be credited as authors.

2. Declaration of AI Use: Any and all use of AI must be explicitly disclosed within the manuscript. This information must be included:

• In the Abstract, in a succinct manner;
• In the Methods section, or in an equivalent section, specifying the type of tool used (for example, generative AI for text editing, machine translation, structural suggestions, or summarization).

3. Accuracy and Responsibility: Authors must ensure that all ideas, data, and references generated or cited by AI tools correspond to authentic and verifiable sources. The phenomenon known as AI hallucination (the generation of false or non-existent content) is the sole responsibility of the authors and must be avoided.

4. Ethical Responsibility: Failure to disclose the use of AI tools constitutes a violation of the principles of honesty and transparency in scientific research. Authors must take public responsibility for the content of their work, including any material generated with the aid of AI.

5. Citing AI-Generated Content: Content generated by AI tools should be cited as a non-retrievable source, similar to personal communication (for example, "content generated using an artificial language model"), always in accordance with the journal's guidelines.

For further information, please refer to the Guide to the Use of Artificial Intelligence Tools and Resources in Research Communication on SciELO.

Ciência & Educação reaffirms its commitment to gender equity, diversity, and inclusion in both the production and evaluation of science. The guidelines for submissions are as follows.

1. Unbiased Evaluation: All submissions will be evaluated based on scientific criteria, regardless of the authors' gender identity, sexual orientation, race, ethnicity, nationality, religion, or political stance.

2. SAGER Guidelines: The editorial team and authors must adhere to the Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) guidelines. This entails:

• The appropriate and distinct use of the concepts of sex (biological attribute) and gender (sociocultural construct);
• Specifying the sex or gender of human participants or animal subjects whenever relevant;
• Performing disaggregated analysis by sex or gender in the results, when applicable;
• Providing a critical reflection on the implications of the findings in relation to sex and gender issues.

3. Inclusive Language: Authors are encouraged to use inclusive and non-discriminatory language, in accordance with the guidelines of UNESCO and international publishing organizations.

Ciência & Educação is committed to gender representation and equity within its editorial board, scientific committees, and peer review processes.

Where applicable, authors must include a statement confirming that the research protocols were submitted to their institution's ethics committee and received formal approval. The responsibility for adhering to ethical best practices in research rests solely with the authors.

Authors publishing in Ciência & Educação retain the copyright to their work under a Creative Commons Attribution BY 4.0 license, which permits the unrestricted reuse and distribution of articles provided the original work is properly cited. Authors grant the journal the right of first publication under this same license.

All content in the journal and articles published by Ciência & Educação, except where otherwise noted, are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license.

Authors who publish in Ciência & Educação

1. Agree to retain their copyright, granting the journal the right of first publication under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows the work to be shared provided that authorship is properly acknowledged and credited;
2. Are authorized to enter into additional agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (such as in institutional repositories or book chapters), provided that the initial publication in this journal is formally acknowledged;
3. Are permitted and encouraged to distribute their work electronically, including through institutional repositories, personal websites, or open-access directories and databases.

• Office of the Vice President for Research (PROPE) at São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP)
• UNESP School of Sciences, Bauru campus
• Graduate Program in Science Education
• Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (CAPES)
• National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq).

• Roberto Nardi, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências, Bauru, São Paulo/SP, Brasil. Lattes: https://lattes.cnpq.br/4449947783474945, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5018-3621, e-mail: r.nardi@unesp.br
• Nelson Antonio Pirola, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências, Bauru, São Paulo/SP, Brasil. Lattes: https://lattes.cnpq.br/9350885456287046, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8215-1317, e-mail: nelson.pirola@unesp.br

• Agustín Adúriz-Bravo, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8200-777X, e-mail: aadurizbravo@cefiec.fcen.uba.ar
• Ana Lúcia Braz Dias, Central Michigan University, Department of Mathematics, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, United States of America (U.S.A.). ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-0758, e-mail: dias1al@cmich.edu
• Arthur Galamba, King’s College London (KCL), Centre for Research in Education in Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (CRESTEM), London, United Kingdom (U.K.). Lattes: https://lattes.cnpq.br/9424581969472309, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2208-7015; e-mail: arthur.galamba@kcl.ac.uk
• Carolina Leticia Zilli Vieira, Harvard University (HU), TH Chan School of Public Health, Landmark Center West, Boston, United States of America (U.S.A.). Lattes: https://lattes.cnpq.br/1784557010448923, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2399-5189, e-mail: cazilli@hsph.harvard.edu
• Cristiano Barbosa de Moura, Simon Fraser University (SFU), Faculty of Education, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. Lattes: https://lattes.cnpq.br/5431200234854429, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7136-634X, e-mail: cb_moura@sfu.ca
• Edwin German Garcia-Arteaga, Universidad del Valle (Univalle), Instituto de Educación y Pedagogía, Cali, Colombia.  ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1280-667X, e-mail: edwin.garcia@correounivalle.edu.co
• Leandro Londero da Silva, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo/SP, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/5095548579111329, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2400-1847, e-mail: leandro.londero@unesp.br
• Lilian Leivas Pozzer, University of Manitoba, Faculty of Education, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9505-011X, e-mail: lilian.pozzer@umanitoba.ca
• Maria Eunice Ribeiro Marcondes, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Instituto de Química, São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/7534709993029005, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4099-8712, e-mail: mermarco@iq.usp.br
• Nadja Acioly-Regnier, Université Claude Bernard (Lyon 1), Lyon, France. Lattes: https://lattes.cnpq.br/8049634330538022, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2730-9687, e-mail: nadja.acioly-regnier@univ-lyon1.fr
• Olivia Levrini, Università di Bologna (UNIBO), Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi", Bologna, Italia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4267-3989, e-mail: olivia.levrini2@unibo.it
• Pedro Reis, Universidade de Lisboa (UL), Instituto de Educação, Lisboa, Portugal.  ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9549-2516, e-mail: preis@ie.ulisboa.pt
• Sandra Regina Teodoro Gatti, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências, Bauru, São Paulo/SP, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/5070498814153007,  ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5791-2498, e-mail: sandra.gatti@unesp.br
• Sibel Erduran, University of Oxford, Department of Education, Oxford. United Kingdom. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7921-0478, e-mail: sibel.erduran@education.ox.ac.uk
• Sonya Nichole Martin, Seoul National University (SNU), College of Education, Departments of Science Education and Biology Education, South Korea. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5124-6436, e-mail: sm655@snu.ac.kr
• Suzani Cassiani, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Centro de Ciências da Educação, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina/SC, Brasil.  Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/7824434944793277, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8824-9342, e-mail: suzani.cassiani@ufsc.br
• Todd Campbell, NEAG Schoool of Education, Department of Curriculum and Instruction, University of Connecticut, United States of America (U.S.A.). ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6844-5303, e-mail: todd.campbell@uconn.edu

• Alessandra Fernandes Bizerra, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências (IBUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/7685865488482588, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2164-3350, e-mail: alebizerra@usp.br
• Alice Ribeiro Casimiro Lopes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Faculdade de Educação, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/5262190522408958, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9943-9117, e-mail: alicecasimirolopes@gmail.com
• Álvaro Lorencini-Júnior, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Londrina, Paraná/PR, Brasil.  Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/0858496742334845,  ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9365-2312, e-mail: alvarojr@uel.br
• Alma Adrianna Gómez-Galindo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Monterrey, Apodaca, Nuevo León, México. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3558-0167, e-mail: agomez@cinvestav.mx
• Ana Maria de Andrade Caldeira, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências, Bauru, São Paulo/SP, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/9980971361333147, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1502-2483, e-mail: ana.caldeira@unesp.br
• Amadeu Moura Bego, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Química, Araraquara, São Paulo/SP, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/4125433683306019, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9182-1987, e-mail: amadeu.bego@unesp.br
• Andreia Guerra de Moraes, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Diretoria de Pesquisa e Pós-graduação, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/4240715075311404, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6397-3817, e-mail: amoraes@cefet-rj.br
• Antonia Candela Martín, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Departamento de Investigaciones Educativas, Ciudad de México, Districto Federal (DF), México. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9001-4451, e-mail: acandela@cinvestav.mx
• António Francisco C. Cachapuz, Universidade de Aveiro, Centro de Investigação em Didática e Tecnologia na Formação de Formadores (CDTFF), Aveiro, Portugal. ORCID:  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9112-6087, e-mail: cachapuz@ua.pt
• Antônio Vicente Marafioti Garnica, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências, Bauru, São Paulo/SP, Brasil.  Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/5089072868644414 , ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0750-8483, e-mail: vicente.garnica@unesp.br
• Aureli Caamaño-Ros, Universitat de Barcelona, CESIRE-CDEC, Societat Catalana de Química, Barcelona, España. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9668-5168, e-mail: acaamano@xtec.cat
• Carlos Eduardo Laburú, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Centro de Ciências Exatas, Londrina, Paraná/PR, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/7608531416003323, ORCID:  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1985-9213, e-mail: laburu@uel.br
• Carla Hernández-Silva, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Facultad de Ciencia, Departamento de Física, Santiago de Chile, Chile. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2974-4989, e-mail: carla.hernandez.s@usach.cl
• Charbel Nino El-Hani, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Instituto de Biologia, Salvador, Bahia/BA, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/8022297490892415, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2308-3983, e-mail: charbel.elhani@gmail.com
• Cristiano Rodrigues de Mattos, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Instituto de Física (IF), São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/2358000738423643, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5927-8742,  e-mail:  crmattos@usp.br
• Conxita Márquez-Bargalló, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Departament de Didàctica de la Matemàtica i de les Ciències Experimentals, Barcelona, España. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9660-5124, e-mail: conxita.marquez@uab.cat
• Daniel Gil-Pérez, Universitat de Valencia, Unitat de Didàctica de Fisica y Quimica, Valencia, 
• España. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6105-5724, e-mail: daniel.gil@uv.es
• Daniela Melaré Vieira Barros, Universidade Aberta (UAb), Laboratório de Educação a Distância e eLearning, Lisboa, Portugal. Lattes: https://lattes.cnpq.br/0904025003390641, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1412-2231, e-mail:  daniela.barros@uab.pt
• Edenia Maria Ribeiro do Amaral, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Instituto de Química, Recife, Pernambuco/PE, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/5241130686153506, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7945-6435, e-mail: edenia.amaral@ufrpe.br
• Eduardo Adolfo Terrazzan, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Centro de Educação, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul/RS, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/0416614425134935, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4723-159X, e-mail:  eduterra@ufsm.br
• Eduardo Fleury Mortimer, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Faculdade de Educação, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais/MG, Brasil. Lattes:  http://lattes.cnpq.br/3488369448766844, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3025-121X, e-mail: mortimer@ufmg.br
• Fernanda Cátia Bozelli, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, São Paulo/SP, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/1837401949199252, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9985-1475, e-mail: fernanda.bozelli@unesp.br
• Fernanda Ostermann, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Instituto de Física, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul/RS, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/7007713327410057, ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0594-2174, e-mail: fernanda.ostermann@ufrgs.br
• Ileana María Rosa Greca, Universidad de Burgos UBU), Departamento de Didáticas Específicas, Burgos, Castilla y León, España. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3674-7985, e-mail: imgreca@ubu.es
• Isabel Cristina de Castro Kondarzewski, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Engenharia, Guaratinguetá, São Paulo/SP, Brasil. Lattes: https://lattes.cnpq.br/6998705768912364, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6244-7367, e-mail: isabel.castro@unesp.br
• Isabel Gomes Rodrigues Martins, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Núcleo de Tecnologia Educacional para a Saúde (NUTES), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Lattes:  http://lattes.cnpq.br/6998705768912364, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5572-6958, e-mail: isabelmartins@ufrj.br
• Laura Maria Buteler, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba (UNC), Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación, Córdoba, Argentina. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8597-045X, e-mail: lbuteler@famaf.unc.edu.ar 
• Laurinda Sousa Ferreira Leite, Universidade do Minho (U. Minho), Instituto de Educação, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4713-3815, e-mail: lleite@ie.uminho.pt 
• Leonardo Martín González-Galli, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones CeFIEC, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0713-164X, e-mail: leomgalli@ccpems.exactas.uba.ar
• Luiz Marcelo de Carvalho, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Departamento de Educação, Instituto de Biociência (IB), Rio Claro, São Paulo/SP, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/0804543782141182,  ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6109-6830, e-mail: lm.carvalho@unesp.br
• Marcelo Concário, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Arquitetura, Artes, Comunicação e Design (FAAC), Departamento de Ciências Humanas, Bauru, São Paulo/SP, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/7692178987743785, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7051-7879, e-mail: marcelo.concario@unesp.br
• Manjula D. Sharma, University of Sydney, School of Physics, Sydney, NSW, Australia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1988-7591, e-mail:  manjula.sharma@sydney.edu.au
• Marcelo de Carvalho Borba, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas (IGCE), Departamento de Matemática, Rio Claro, São Paulo/SP, Brasil.  Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/4055717099002218, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7051-7879, e-mail: marcelo.c.borba@unesp.br
• Marcia Cristina de Costa Trindade Cyrino, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Centro de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Matemática, Londrina, Paraná/PR, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/0809818122632169, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4276-8395, e- mail: marciacyrino@uel.br
• Marcia Serra Ferreira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Faculdade de Educação, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/1158437195086725, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2034-5992, e-mail: mserra@ufrj.br
• Marcos César Danhoni Neves, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Centro de Ciências Exatas, Maringá, Paraná/PR, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/6514146095003486, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5209-4158, e-mail: macedane@yahoo.com
• Maria José Pereira Monteiro de Almeida, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Educação, Campinas, São Paulo/SP, Brasil.  Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/6593952657486300,  ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7652-4730, e-mail: mjpma@unicamp.br
• María Maite Andrés-Z., Universidad Pedagógica Experimental Libertador, Instituto Pedagógico de Caracas (IPC), Caracas, Venezuela. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4601-8719, e-mail: maitea2006@gmail.com
• Mario Roberto Quintanilla-Gatica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Educación, Santiago, Chile.  ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4411-7919, e-mail: mquintag@puc.cl
• Mariona Espinet Blanch, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Facultat de Ciènces de l’Educació, Departament de Didáctica de la Matemática y de las Ciencias Experimentales, Bellatera, Catalunya, España. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6072-1497, e-mail:  mariona.espinet@uab.cat
• Marisa Michelini, Università Degli Studi di Udine, Dipartimento di Chimica, Fisica e Ambiente. Gruppo Internazionale di Ricerca sull’Insegnamento della Fisica (GIREP), Unità di Ricerca in Didattica della Fisica, Italia.  ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4764-9774, e-mail: marisa.michelini@uniud.it
• Mehmet Fatih Taşar, Gazi University, Faculty of Education, Department of Primary Education, Science Education Program, Ankara, Turkey.  ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1249-3482, e-mail: mftasar@gazi.edu.tr
• Michael R. Matthews, University of New South Wales (SWU), Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Sidney, Australia.  ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4795-922X, e-mail: m.matthews@unsw.edu.au
• Neus Sanmartí-Puig, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institut de Ciències de l'Educació, Barcelona, Catalunya, España.  ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8503-1006, e-mail: neus.sanmarti@uab.cat
• Nicoletta Lanciano, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Dipartimento di Matematica, Roma, Italia.  ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5990-6120, e-mail: neus.sanmarti@uab.cat
• Olga Lucía Castiblanco-Abril, Universidad Pedagógica Francisco José Caldas, Faculdade de Ciencias y Educación, Bogotá, Colombia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8069-0704,  e-mail: olcastiblancoa@udistrital.edu.co
• Olival Freire Júnior, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Instituto de Física, Salvador, Bahia/BA, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/5534156006634736,  ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3401-8885, e-mail: freirejr@ufba.br
• Paulo Marcelo Marini Teixeira, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), Jequié, Bahia/BA, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/7287284883600014, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9359-7763, e-mail: pmarcelo@uesb.edu.br
• Pedro Paulo da Silva Ayrosa, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Departamento de Computação, Londrina, Paraná/PR, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/0767489032266703, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5280-0419, e-mail: ayrosa@uel.br
• Ricardo Avelar Sotomaior Karam, University of Copenhagen, Science Education Department, Copenhagen, Dinamarca. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2567-8179, e-mail: ricardo.karam@ind.ku.dk
• Roger Miarka, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas (IGCE), Rio Claro, São Paulo/SP, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/2746633087499932,  ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0633-8446, e-mail: roger.miarka@unesp.br
• Sandra Lúcia Escovedo Selles, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Faculdade de Educação, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/3684922991380169, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7921-0478, e-mail: sandraselles@id.uff.br 
• Sílvia Fernanda de Mendonça Figueirôa, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Instituto de Geociências. Campinas, São Paulo/SP, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/6595967944149712, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0791-2232, e-mail:figueiroa@ige.unicamp.br
• Sílvia Luzia Frateschi Trivelato, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Educação, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Lattes: https://lattes.cnpq.br/1732650926090976, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3444-7359, e-mail: slftrive@usp.br
• Xavier Fazio, Brock University, Department of Teacher Education, St. Cartherines, Ontario (O.N.), Canada. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7095-5772, e-mail: xfazio@brocku.ca
• Zulma Estela Gangoso, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía y Física, Córdoba, Argentina. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8695-614X, e-mail: zulma.gangoso@unc.edu.ar
• Zuraya Monroy Nasr, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3837-5735, e-mail: zuraya@unam.mx

Coordination

• Aparecida de Fatima Cavalheiro Bueno, Librarian, e-mail: fatima.bueno@unesp.br

Copyediting Team

Equipo de revisores de textos

• Ângela Moraes Gomes, revisão gramatical, e-mail: angela.revisao@gmail.com
• Augusto César Araújo Lima, revisão e edição de texto, e-mail: araujo.lima@unesp.br
• Fabiano Willian Parma, revisão e edição de texto, e-mail: f.parma@unesp.br
• Francisca Taísa Oliveira da Silva, revisão de similaridade, e-mail: taisa.oliveira@unesp.br
• Isabela Pereira Ferraz da Silva, revisão de similaridade, e-mail: isabela.ferraz@unesp.br
• Jessica dos Reis Belíssimo, revisão e edição de texto, e-mail: jessica.belissimo@unesp.br
• Larissa Gonçalves Faria Rocha, revisão de similaridade, e-mail:  lgf.rocha@unesp.br
• Monica Regina Vieira Leite, revisão de texto, e-mail: monica.regina@unesp.br
• Pedro Henrique Mattos de Oliveira, tradução, email: dharma.pedro@gmail.com
• Thalita Quatrocchio Liporini, revisão de texto, e-mail: thalita.liporini@uft.edu.br

XML markup and conversion

• GN1 World

Ciência & Educação publishes original research articles based on empirical or theoretical findings, as well as essays on topics related to Science and Mathematics Education. Within this context, research in Science and Mathematics Education is defined as the production of knowledge concerning the teaching and learning of subjects such as Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Mathematics, Geosciences, Astronomy, Health and Environmental Education, and other related Fields.

Manuscripts submitted for evaluation must be original and unpublished in either print or electronic media. The only exceptions are works previously or simultaneously made available on recognized and reliable preprint servers, such as SciELO Preprints, arXiv, bioRxiv, and medRxiv. The acceptance of preprints from other servers is subject to individual review by the journal’s editors.

We accept monolingual submissions in Portuguese, Spanish, or English, as well as bilingual contributions in any combination of these three languages.

Manuscripts must be accompanied by a Data Availability Statement detailing the data generated and utilized in the research. This statement is part of the Data Availability Statement Fom, which is available within the submission system. The corresponding author is responsible for completing this form, which must be uploaded as a "Non-Evaluable Document" during the file attachment stage of the submission process.

To ensure transparency in the peer review process, the published version of each article includes the names of the editors responsible for managing the evaluation.

To substantiate and legitimize a study, all individuals involved in the design, development, and analysis of the published data are considered authors.   

This journal uses the collaborative CREDiT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy), which consists of 14 contribution roles. This taxonomy was created to represent the main types of contributions generally made in scientific publications, including journal articles.

Information regarding each author's specific contribution is provided at the end of the published article. Providing this information is a mandatory requirement during the online submission process. Therefore, authors are requested to provide these details as accurately and completely as possible to ensure the correct disclosure of each contributor's role.

Structure and Formatting

We accept submissions in Portuguese, Spanish, or English. Bilingual manuscripts are also welcome, provided they are written in a combination of these three languages.

Manuscripts must be submitted as Microsoft Word files (or in a compatible word-processing format) using 12-point Times New Roman font and single spacing. Submissions must not exceed 15 pages, including all sections and references.

The document should be formatted for A4 paper with the following margin settings: 3 cm for the top and left margins, and 2 cm for the bottom and right margins.

The first page of every submission must include the title, an abstract, and up to five keywords. These elements must be provided in the manuscript’s primary language and in English (if the primary language is not English). Both the abstract and its English version must be limited to a maximum of 150 words each.

Anonimization

To facilitate a double-anonymous peer review process, the main manuscript must not contain the authors' names, institutional affiliations, or any other identifying information. All identifiers, including ORCID, must be provided exclusively on a separate Title Page, which should be uploaded as a distinct file during the submission process.

Institutional Affiliation

The Title Page must include the full title of the work in its original language (Portuguese or Spanish) and in English, along with the full names of all authors. For compound surnames, please ensure clear identification, such as through the use of bold or a hyphen, to avoid indexing errors. 

A valid ORCID is mandatory for every author. The full institutional affiliation for each contributor must also be provided in the following order, where applicable: name of the institution (acronym), unit (faculty, institute, center, or similar), department, city, state (acronym), and country. Finally, the email address of the corresponding author must be included; the use of an institutional email address is strongly recommended.

Title: the title must be written in the language of the text, using 14-point Times New Roman font, in bold, centred, with the first letter of the title capitalised.

Title in English: must be written in 14-point Times New Roman, in bold, centred, with the first letter of the title capitalised.

Authorship: it is essential to state the full name of each author, with the surname in bold, particularly in the case of compound surnames.  

Institutional affiliation and email address: please provide your full institutional affiliation as specified in the Institutional Affiliation section of these guidelines. Please note that short CVs should not be included. Furthermore, only the email address of the corresponding author should be provided.

ORCID: this information is mandatory for all authors.

Abstract and keywords: these must be written in the language of the manuscript and in English, with a maximum of 150 words. It is recommended to use the Times New Roman font, size 12, with single line spacing. Please note that up to five keywords must be provided, written in lower case and separated by semicolons. It is essential that the words ‘abstract’ and ‘keywords’ appear in bold.

Manuscript Body: the main text should be in 12-point Times New Roman with single spacing and standard paragraph indentation.

Funding: please note that all information regarding support provided by funding agencies or other institutions must be included in the Acknowledgements section, which comes after the conclusion of the article. It is essential to check whether any mandatory text or formatting requirements are imposed by the funding agencies mentioned on researchers who have received research grants or funding.

Number of pages: the article is limited to a maximum of 15 pages, including all sections.  

DOI: All articles will be assigned a corresponding Digital Object Identifier. Bilingual articles will have a DOI assigned to each language.

Illustrations: any visual representation, such as drawings, photographs, diagrams, flowcharts, graphs, maps, organisation charts or plans, must be in JPEG format and have a minimum original resolution of 300 dpi in colour or greyscale. Converting an image from a low resolution will compromise its quality.

If the illustration contains text, it is essential that the font is perfectly legible.

Using colour graphics and images in RGB mode is recommended.

Illustrations should be placed as close as possible to their first mention in the text. The figure identification (e.g., Figure 1) must appear above the image in Arabic numerals, followed by a dash and the title. The source is a mandatory element and must be cited below the illustration to identify the responsible party. This should be preceded by the word Source: (or Sources:) and typed in a smaller font size than the main text.

Tables: tables are generally used to present numerical or quantitative data.

The table identification must appear at the top, consisting of the word "Table" in bold, followed by an Arabic numeral, a dash, and the mandatory title; all of this should be in a smaller font than the main text. Every table must cite its source, starting on the first line of the footer, to identify those responsible for the data. This identification must be preceded by Source: or Sources:

Every table must include a header to define the content of the columns. To maintain standard academic formatting, the table frame must not include vertical lines on the left or right sides. It is recommended that each table fits on a single page and maintains graphic uniformity in terms of font types, sizes, capitalization, and symbols.

The guidelines for references and citations are based on the most recent standards issued by the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (ABNT), NBR 6023 and NBR 10520, respectively.

Citations

This journal follows the author-date citation system. Consequently, citations and references must not be placed in footnotes; footnotes should be reserved exclusively for supplementary explanatory notes.

Author-date citations are indicated by the author’s surname, with the first letter capitalized (e.g., Smith), followed by the publication year of the document. In the text, cite up to three authors, separating their surnames with a semicolon. If there are more than three authors, cite the surname of the first author followed by et al. to indicate shared authorship. In the references, up to seven authors must be listed where applicable. From the seventh author onwards, the Latin expression et al. should be used.

1. Direct quotation or verbatim quotations in the text should be formatted as follows: the author’s surname, followed by the date and page number, should be given. If the quotation is three lines or Direct fewer, it should be placed within quotation marks (must not be italicized). If the quotation exceeds three lines, it should be indented 4 cm from the left margin, written in a smaller font size and not in italics or within quotation marks.
2. Indirect quotation (paraphrasing): When an author’s ideas are summarized or paraphrased within the text, include the author’s surname followed by the year of publication in brackets.

Examples:

Direct quotation:

• Seu caráter interdisciplinar compreende "[...] uma área de estudos onde a preocupação maior é tratar a ciência e a tecnologia, tendo em vista suas relações, conseqüências e respostas sociais" (Bazzo; Colombo, 2001, p. 93).

Indirect quotation (paraphrasing):

• Na mesma perspectiva, Peixoto e Marcondes (2003) discutem visões equivocadas da ciência presentes nas interpretações de alunos inscritos em um programa especial de formação de professores de química para o Ensino Médio.

3. If citations are taken from different documents by the same author that were published in the same year, a lowercase letter in alphabetical order should be added after the date to distinguish between them.

• Reside (1927a)
• Reside (1927b)

4. Reference List Consistency: All cited authors must be included in the reference list at the end of the manuscript, arranged in alphabetical order.

References

To maintain consistency throughout the reference list, authors must use the surname in all caps, followed by the abbreviated first and middle names (initials only, each followed by a period). The title should be in italics, but the subtitle should not be.

Books

• SILVA, F. Como estabelecer os parâmetros da globalização. 2. ed. São Paulo: Macuco, 1999.
• MINAYO, M. C. S. O desafio do conhecimento: pesquisa qualitativa em saúde. 7. ed. São Paulo; Rio de Janeiro: Hucitec-Abrasco, 2000.).

Book Chapters, Entities, and Multiple Authors

Rule 1: Chapter author is the same as the book author

• SANTOS, J. R. Avaliação econômica de empresas. In: SANTOS, J. R. Técnicas de análise financeira. 6. ed. São Paulo: Macuco, 2001. p. 58-88. (Note: Inclusion of both the starting and ending page numbers is mandatory).

Rule 2: Chapter author is different from the book author

• ROSA, C. Solução para a desigualdade. In: SILVA, F. (org.). Como estabelecer os parâmetros da globalização. 2. ed. São Paulo: Macuco, 1999. p. 2-15. (Note: Inclusion of both the starting and ending page numbers is mandatory).

Rule 3: Institutional or Entity Authors

• BRASIL. Ministério da Educação e do Desporto. Secretaria de Educação Fundamental. Parâmetros curriculares nacionais: meio ambiente e saúde. 3. ed. Brasília: SEF, 2001. v. 9.

Rule 4: Multiple Authors Surnames should be separated by semicolons.

• MERGULHÃO, M. C.; VASAKI, B. N. G. Educando para a conservação da natureza: sugestão de atividades em educação ambiental. São Paulo: EDUC, 1998.

Note: If there are more than three authors, we will list up to seven. After the seventh author, we use the Latin abbreviation et al.

Rule 5: Electronic Books (E-books): References for e-books must include the medium (e.g., E-book) and the digital access information (URL and access date).

• GODINHO, T. Vida organizada: como definir prioridades e transformar seus sonhos em objetivos. São Paulo: Gente, 2000. E-book. Retrieved from: [URL] on: [day, abbreviated month, year].

Journal Articles

The rules for authors follow the same guidelines as for books.

Rule 1: Journal articles: authors’ surnames followed by their first names in capital letters, article title, journal name (in italics), city of publication, volume, issue, page numbers and year.

• VILLANI, A.; SANTANA, D. A. Analisando as interações dos participantes numa disciplina de física. Ciência & Educação, Bauru, v. 10, n. 2, p. 197-217, 2004.

For electronic media: include the DOI or URL link and the date the document was accessed [day, abbreviated month, year].

• HAUER, T.; HAYDN, M.; ABELE, E. Influence of a diagonal pre-drilled hole on hole quality during the reaming process using multiblade tools. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, v. 34, p. 569-573, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-58782012000600005. 

Note: If a journal article has a DOI, this journal specifically requests that authors provide only the DOI link (as shown above).

Theses and Dissertations 

Author’s surname followed by first names in capital letters, title of the academic work in italics, subtitles (if any), year of submission, number of pages. Type of work (degree) – institution, city, year made available for consultation. If online, add: DOI link or OI link or Retrived from: [URL] on [day, abbreviated month, year].

• BOZELLI, F. C.  Analogias e metáforas no ensino de física: o discurso do professor e o discurso do aluno. 2005. 234 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação para a Ciência) –Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Bauru, 2005.

Conference Proceedings and Events (Including annals, minutes, abstracts)

• ZYLBERSZTAJN, A. Resolução de problemas: uma perspectiva Kuhniana. In: ENCONTRO DE PESQUISA EM ENSINO DE FÍSICA, 6., 1998, Florianópolis. Anais [...]. Florianópolis: SBF, 1998. 1 CD-ROM.

Note: For printed material, include the starting and ending page numbers. If the event is published in electronic media, specify the physical description of the document (CD-ROM, diskette, etc.). For online consultations, provide the URL and the date of access. Retrieved from [URL] on: [day, abbreviated month, and year].

Ordering of References

All documents cited in the text must be included in the reference list, which must be ordered alphabetically by the authors' surnames and aligned to the left margin of the page.

Examples:

• RUBBA, P. A.; HARKNESS, W. L. Examination of preservice and in-service secondary science teachers' beliefs about science technology-society interactions.  Science Education, New York, v. 77, n. 4, p. 407-431, 1993.
• RUBBA, P. A.; SCHONEWEG, C.; HARKNESS, W. L. A new scoring procedure for the views on science-technology-society instrument. International Journal of Science Education, London, v. 18, n. 4, p. 387-400, 1996.

Note: Authors are responsible for verifying that all electronic addresses (URLs) cited in the text and/or references are correct and functional.

Footnotes

Footnotes must be numbered with Arabic numerals, kept succinct, and used only when strictly necessary for supplementary information. They must be set in a smaller font size than the main text and aligned to the left at the bottom of the page. The use of citations and/or references within footnotes is strictly prohibited

Transcription

Transcriptions (e.g., interview excerpts, recorded speeches, etc.) must be placed in quotation marks and set in italics when they are less than three lines long. For transcriptions that exceed three lines, they should be formatted in italics, set in a smaller font size, and indented 1.25 cm from the left margin to clearly differentiate them from direct literary quotations.

During the submission process, certain mandatory files may be required, including a Cover Letter, the Data Availability Statement Form, and — where applicable — a statement of approval from the Research Ethics Committee.

Information about funding received from agencies or other sources should be included in the Acknowledgments section, which comes after the main body of the manuscript. Be sure to check if the funding agencies impose any mandatory text or formatting requirements on researchers who have received grants or funding. Here are a few examples.

Capes: You must use the following phrase in the language of the work:  

“This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001”.

CNPq: "This study was conducted with support from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)".

“This study was financed, in part, by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), Brasil. Process Number #aaaa/nnnnn-d”.

Submission of manuscripts

Please use the website https://mc04.manuscriptcentral.com/ciedu-scielo to submit manuscripts to the journal Ciência & Educação. Create a username and password via the ‘Create an account’ option. These login details are required to submit articles for review, as well as to track the status of items already submitted. Manuscripts must comply with the requirements set out in the ‘Instructions and forms’ section, which can be found under the ‘Resources’ tab on the website’s home page.

Ciência & Educação (Bauru)
Postgraduate Programme in Science Education
São Paulo State University (UNESP), Faculty of Sciences, Bauru
Av. Engenheiro Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Vargem Limpa
Postcode 17033-360, Bauru, SP, Brazil
Telephone + 55 (14) 3103-6177  
Email: revista.fc@unesp.br