Consumption of sugar-rich food products among Brazilian students:<i>National School Health Survey</i> (PeNSE 2012)

Ferreira, Nathália Luíza; Claro, Rafael Moreira; Lopes, Aline Cristine Souza

doi:10.1590/0102-311X00014515

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Article • Cad. Saúde Pública 31 (12) • Dec 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00014515 copy

Consumption of sugar-rich food products among Brazilian students:National School Health Survey (PeNSE 2012)

Consumo de alimentos ricos em açúcar entre estudantes brasileiros:Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE 2012)

Consumo de alimentos ricos en azúcar entre estudiantes brasileños:Encuesta Nacional de Salud Escolar (PeNSE 2012)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the consumption of high-sugar foods by Brazilian schoolchildren and to identify associated factors, based on data from the National School Health Survey (PeNSE 2012). Consumption of these foods was classified as: do not consume sweets and soft drinks regularly; consume sweets or soft drinks regularly; and consume sweets and soft drinks regularly. Its association with sociodemographic information, eating habits, and family contexts were investigated via multiple ordinal regressions. Regular consumption of sweets and/or soft drinks was reported by 19.2% and 36.1% of adolescents, respectively, and higher prevalence was associated with female gender, age 14-15 years, higher maternal education, not living with the mother and father, not eating meals with the parents, eating while watching TV, and longer TV time. Nearly one-fifth of adolescents regularly consumed sweets and soft drinks, which was associated with socio-demographic and behavioral factors that should be targeted in order to improve their food consumption.

Adolescent Nutrition; School Health; Food Consumption; Sugar; Soft Drinks

Variables	% (95%CI)
Gender
Male	47.8 (45.8-49.8)
Female	52.2 (50.2-54.2)
Age (years)
≤ 13	22.9 (17.6-29.3)
14	45.6 (42.5-48.7)
15	18.4 (14.7-22.7)
≥ 16	13.2 (9.1-18.7)
Skin color
White	36.8 (31.7-42.2)
Black	13.3 (11.2-15.8)
Brown	42.2 (39.1-45.4)
Asian	4.1 (3.5-4.9)
American Indian	3.5 (2.8-4.4)
Maternal education (years)
≤ 8	42.3 (39.4-45.3)
9-11	26.0 (23.2-29.0)
≥ 12	13.3 (12.1-14.5)
Do not know	18.4 (17.9-18.9)
Administrative classification of the school
Public	82.8 (77.8-86.9)
Private	17.2 (13.1-22.2)
Lives with mother and father
Yes	62.2 (60.2-64.2)
No	37.8 (35.8-39.8)
Habit of having meals with parents/guardians
Regular *	66.4 (64.4-68.4)
Irregular **	33.6 (31.6-35.6)
Eating while watching television
No	18.9 (16.6-21.3)
Yes	81.1 (78.7-83.4)
Time spent watching TV (hours/day)
≤ 2	36.3 (35.5-37.2)
3-4	27.1 (26.3-27.9)
≥ 5	36.6 (35.0-38.1)

Consumption of sugar-rich food products	% (95%CI)
Do not consume sweets and soft drinks regularly *	44.7 (43.1-46.4)
Consume sweets or soft drinks regularly **	36.1 (34.7-37.4)
Consume sweets and soft drinks regularly **	19.2 (18.4-20.1)

Variables	Consumption of sugar-rich food products
	Do not consume sweets and soft drinks regularly *	Consume sweets or soft drinks regularly **	Consume sweets and soft drinks regularly **
	% (95%CI)	% (95%CI)	% (95%CI)
Gender ***
Male	49.1 (47.4-50.8)	34.4 (33.2-35.6)	16.5 (15.7-17.2)
Female	40.7 (38.7-42.7)	37.6 (35.9-39.3)	21.7 (20.7-22.8)
Age (years)
≤ 13	45.3 (43.1-47.5)	36.2 (34.5-37.9)	18.5 (17.6-19.4)
14	43.9 (42.2-45.7)	36.7 (35.3-38.1)	19.4 (18.8-19.9)
15	43.6 (41.4-46.0)	35.6 (34.0-37.3)	20.7 (19.2-22.3)
≥ 16	47.9 (44.9-50.8)	34.3 (33.3-35.4)	17.8 (15.4-20.4)
Skin color
White	44.9 (42.6-47.3)	35.9 (34.6-37.3)	19.2 (18.0-20.4)
Black	44.6 (42.4-46.8)	35.3 (33.3-37.4)	20.1 (19.5-20.7)
Brown	44.6 (42.8-46.3)	36.3 (34.9-37.7)	19.2 (18.0-20.5)
Asian	42.7 (40.6-44.7)	39.2 (38.2-40.2)	18.1 (16.5-19.9)
American Indian	47.3 (45.5-49.0)	34.7 (32.8-36.7)	18.0 (15.4-21.0)
Maternal education (years) ***
≤ 8	46.8 (44.3-49.3)	35.6 (34.0-37.1)	17.7 (16.5-18.9)
9-11	43.3 (41.8-44.9)	36.7 (35.1-38.3)	20.0 (19.5-20.6)
≥ 12	41.7 (40.7-42.8)	36.7 (34.9-38.6)	21.5 (20.5-22.6)
Do not know	44.1 (42.6-45.6)	36.0 (34.5-37.5)	20.0 (19.1-20.9)
Administrative classification of the school
Public	45.2 (43.1-47.3)	35.8 (34.4-37.3)	18.9 (18.0-19.9)
Private	42.3 (41.3-43.3)	37.2 (35.6-38.8)	20.5 (19.0-22.1)
Lives with mother and father ***
Yes	45.7 (43.6-47.8)	36.1 (34.4-37.8)	18.3 (17.4-19.2)
No	43.1 (42.1-44.1)	36.1 (35.1-37.2)	20.8 (20.0-21.5)
Habit of having meals with parents/guardians ***
Regular *	46.2 (44.4-48.1)	35.5 (34.2-36.7)	18.3 (17.4-19.2)
Irregular **	41.7 (40.0-43.4)	37.3 (35.4-39.2)	21.0 (20.4-21.7)
Eating while watching television ***
No	54.8 (52.6-56.9)	32.4 (30.3-34.5)	12.9 (11.9-13.9)
Yes	42.4 (40.7-44.1)	36.9 (35.7-38.2)	20.7 (19.9-21.5)
Time spent watching TV (hours/day) ***
≤ 2	52.7 (51.2-54.1)	33.0 (31.9-34.1)	14.4 (13.4-15.4)
3-4	45.3 (42.2-48.4)	37.2 (35.2-39.3)	17.5 (16.3-18.6)
≥ 5	36.3 (35.0-37.7)	38.3 (37.0-39.6)	25.4 (24.4-26.3)

Variables	Consumption of sugar-rich food products
Variables	OR crude (95%CI)	OR adjusted * (95%CI)
Gender
Male	1.00	1.00
Female	1.40 (1.38-1.43)	1.36 (1.33-1.38)
Age (years)
≤ 13	1.00	1.00
14	1.06 (1.02-1.09)	1.08 (1.03-1.12)
15	1.09 (0.98-1.22)	1.19 (1.05-1.34)
≥ 16	0.91 (0.77-1.08)	1.04 (0.87-1.25)
Skin color
White	1.00	**
Black	1.03 (0.99-1.07)
Brown	1.01 (0.93-1.10)
Asian	1.04 (0.90-1.21)
American Indian	0.91 (0.79-1.06)
Maternal education (years)
≤ 8	1.00	1.00
9-11	1.15 (1.07-1.25)	1.14 (1.07-1.21)
≥ 12	1.24 (1.13-1.37)	1.29 (1.19-1.39)
Do not know	1.13 (1.07-1.20)	1.11 (1.06-1.17)
Administrative classification of the school
Public	1.00	1.00
Private	1.12 (1.01-1.24)	1.11 (1.00-1.22)
Lives with mother and father
Yes	1.00	1.00
No	1.13 (1.08-1.17)	1.06 (1.03-1.09)
Habit of having meals with parents/guardians
Regular	1.00	1.00
Irregular	1.20 (1.14-1.26)	1.12 (1.07-1.18)
Eating while watching television
No	1.00	1.00
Yes	1.67 (1.60-1.75)	1.44 (1.38-1.50)
Time spent watching TV (hours/day)
≤ 2	1.00	1.00
3-4	1.32 (1.20-1.44)	1.26 (1.16-1.35)
≥ 5	1.98 (1.92-2.04)	1.82 (1.78-1.87)

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[1] Correspondence
A. C. S. Lopes. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Alfredo Balena 190, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130-100, Brasil.aline@enf.ufmg.br