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Resumo Em condições de estresse salino, o crescimento das plantas é reduzido, em virtude, do desequilíbrio osmótico, nutricional e oxidativo. Contudo, o ácido salicílico atua na mitigação desse estresse abiótico por promover incremento no crescimento, fotossíntese, metabolismo do nitrogênio, síntese de osmorreguladores e enzimas antioxidantes. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de doses de ácido salicílico sobre o crescimento e alterações fisiológicas de mudas de berinjela sob estresse salino. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, onde os tratamentos foram distribuídos em blocos ao acaso utilizando uma matriz composta central Box com cinco níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (CEa) (0,50; 1,08; 2,50; 3,92 e 4,50 dS m-1), associada a cinco doses de ácido salicílico (AS) (0,00; 0,22; 0,75; 1,28 e 1,50 mM), com quatro repetições e cada parcela composta por três plantas. Aos 40 dias após a semeadura, foram determinados a altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas, área foliar, vazamento de eletrólito, teor relativo de água e massa seca total. A CEa e a aplicação de AS influenciaram no crescimento e nas alterações fisiológicas das mudas de berinjela. O aumento da CEa reduziu o crescimento na ausência de AS. O dano de membrana com o uso de AS manteve-se estável até 3,9 dS m-1 de CEa. O conteúdo relativo de água independentemente da CEa aumentou com 1 mM de SA. O uso de AS na concentração de 1 mM mitigou o efeito deletério da salinidade no crescimento das mudas até 2,50 dS m-1 de CEa.

Abstract Under salt stress conditions, plant growth is reduced due to osmotic, nutritional and oxidative imbalance. However, salicylic acid acts in the mitigation of this abiotic stress by promoting an increase in growth, photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism, synthesis of osmoregulators and antioxidant enzymes. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid doses on the growth and physiological changes of eggplant seedlings under salt stress. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, where the treatments were distributed in randomized blocks using a central composite matrix Box with five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (CEw) (0.50; 1.08; 2.50; 3.92 and 4.50 dS m-1), associated with five doses of salicylic acid (SA) (0.00; 0.22; 0.75; 1.28 and 1.50 mM), with four repetitions and each plot composed of three plants. At 40 days after sowing, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, electrolyte leakage, relative water content, and total dry mass were determined. ECw and SA application influenced the growth and physiological changes of eggplant seedlings. Increasing the ECw reduced growth in the absence of SA. Membrane damage with the use of SA remained stable up to 3.9 dS m-1 of ECw. The relative water content independent of the CEw increased with 1.0 mM of SA. The use of SA at the concentration of 1.0 mM mitigated the deleterious effect of salinity on seedling growth up to 2.50 dS m-1 of ECw.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.257739

Sucking insects and their predators on tree canopies of a monocultural stand of Caryocar brasiliense
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Demolin-Leite, G. L.

; Veloso, R. V. S.

; Azevedo, A. M.

; Silva, J. L.

; Silva, L. F.

; Guanabens, P. F. S.

; Gomes, J. B.

; Pereira, W. R.

; Silva, R. S.

; Zanuncio, J. C.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2024, Volume 84 elocation e253598

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Caryocar brasiliense Camb. (Malpighiales: Caryocaraceae) é amplamente distribuído por todo o ecossistema de cerrado. Os frutos de C. brasiliense são utilizados na alimentação humana e constitui uma importante fonte de renda para muitas comunidades. A perda de habitat provocada pelas mudanças de uso da terra coloca em risco a conservação de C. brasiliense. Insetos sugadores constituem um importante fator ecológico que, potencialmente, afeta o fitness de C. brasiliense em ambientes degradados. Além disso, as metodologias de amostragem de insetos para aplicação em estudos relacionados à conservação de C. brasiliense são pouco desenvolvidas. Neste estudo, o número de insetos sugadores (Hemiptera) e seus predadores foram avaliados em três estratos verticais do dossel de C. brasiliense. A distribuição das espécies sugadoras apresentou estratificação vertical ao longo da estrutura do dossel. O estrato basal do dossel apresentou o maior número de insetos sugadores Aphis gossypii (Glover 1877) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) e Bemisia tabaci (Genn. 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), e seus predadores Chrysoperla sp. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), aranhas (Araneae) e Zelus armillatus (Lep. & Servi., 1825) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Os predadores distribuíram-se de acordo com a disponibilidade de recursos, ocorrendo em maior número nas partes do dossel com maior abundância de suas presas.

Abstract Caryocar brasiliense Camb. (Malpighiales: Caryocaraceae) trees are widely distributed throughout the Cerrado ecosystem. The fruits of C. brasiliense trees are used by humans for food and as the main income source in many communities. C. brasiliense conservation is seriously threatened due to habitat loss caused by the land-use change. Sucking insects constitute an important ecological driver that potentially impact C. brasiliense survival in degraded environments. In addition, insects sampling methodologies for application in studies related to the conservation of C. brasiliense are poorly developed. In this study, sucking insects (Hemiptera) and their predators were recorded in three vertical strata of Caryocar brasiliense canopies. The distribution of sucking species showed vertical stratification along the canopy structure of C. brasiliense. The basal part of the canopy had the highest numbers of sucking insects Aphis gossypii (Glover 1877) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Bemisia tabaci (Genn. 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), and their predators Chrysoperla sp. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), spiders (Araneae), and Zelus armillatus (Lep. & Servi., 1825) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Predators' distribution follows the resource availability and preferred C. brasiliense tree parts with a higher abundance of prey.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.253598

Positive relationships between insects and negative with spiders on Acacia auriculiformis (Fabaceae) plants in the savannah biome and their distribution pattern
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Teixeira, D. L.

; Leite, G. L. D.

; Silva, L. F.

; Veloso, R. V. S.

; Silva, R. S.

; Guanabens, P. F. S.

; Silva, W. M.

; Silva Junior, A. S. P.

; Munhoz, E. J. M. M.

; Gomes, J. B.

; Zanuncio, J. C.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2024, Volume 84 elocation e260721

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A restauração florestal é baseada nas relações planta-solo e espécies vegetais com potencial econômico, mas aquelas entre insetos e outros artópodes são, também, importantes para esse processo. O objetivo foi avaliar as relações entre formigas, fitófagos Hemiptera e predadores e a distribuição (agregada, aleatória ou regular) de artrópodes, por 24 meses, em mudas de Acacia auriculiformis utilizadas na recuperação de áreas degradadas. Os artrópodes foram amostrados, armazenados e identificados e suas relações e padrões de distribuição calculados com o software BioDiversity-Pro. Os números de formigas cuidadoras se correlacionaram, positivamente, com os dos Hemiptera fitófagos Aethalion reticulatum, Brachymyrmex sp. e Cephalotes e Aleyrodidae. Insetos cuidadores de Hemiptera foram, negativamente, correlacionados com predadores Sternorrhyncha em plantas de A. auriculiformis. A distribuição dos artrópodes foi agregada, exceto Teudis sp. e Cephalocoema sp., com padrão aleatório. Aethalion reticulatum, Stereoma anchoralis e Tetragonisca angustula foram os herbívoros e Brachymyrmex sp. e Dolichopodidae os predadores mais abundantes. As relações entre os artrópodes estudados em A. auriculiformis indicam que esta planta, mesmo introduzida, é adequada para programas de recuperação de áreas degradadas no cerrado.

Abstract Forest restoration is mainly based on plant-soil relationships and plant species with economic potential, but those between insects and other arthropods are also important to this reestablishment. The objective was to evaluate, during 24 months, the relationships between tending ants, Hemiptera phytophagous, predators and their distribution pattern (aggregated, random or uniform). The arthropods were sampled, stored and identified and their relationships and distribution patterns calculated with the BioDiversity-Pro software. The number of tending ants and phytophagous Hemiptera, Brachymyrmex sp. and Aethalion reticulatum, Cephalotes and Aleyrodidae were positively correlated. Tending ants were negatively correlated with Sternorrhyncha predators on A. auriculiformis saplings. The distribution of arthropods was aggregated, except for Teudis sp. and Cephalocoema sp., with a random pattern. The herbivores Stereoma anchoralis, Aethalion reticulatum and Tetragonisca angustula and the predators Brachymyrmex sp. and Dolichopodidae were the most abundant arthropods. The relationships between the arthropods studied on A. auriculiformis indicate that this plant, even introduced, is suitable for programs to recover degraded areas in the savannah.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.260721

Spatio-temporal analysis of the visceral leishmaniasis in the state of Alagoas, Brazil
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Ferreira, J. R. S.

; Silva, K. M.

; Cavalcanti, M. G. S.

; Ferreira-Júnior, G. C.

; Souza, E. C.

; Magalhães, P. K. A.

; Gomes, D. C. S.

; Fonseca, S. A.

; Maranhão, T. L. G. Q.

; Rocha, M. A. N.

; Nascimento, C. M. A.

; Lima, R. F.

; Alves, L. C.

; Brayner, F. A.

; Costa, J. G. da

; Matos-Rocha, T. J.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2024, Volume 84 elocation e253098

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A leishmaniose visceral é uma doença tropical negligenciada. Foram avaliadas a distribuição espacial dos casos de leishmaniose visceral no estado de Alagoas. Todos os casos de LV, registrados pela secretaria de saúde, foram analisados e georreferenciados. Entre 2008 e 2017, 97,1% dos municípios apresentaram classificação esporádica de transmissão. Com a evolução temporal, a incidência de casos de leishmaniose visceral se concentrou na maioria dos municípios da microrregião de Santana do Ipanema-AL. A análise espaço-tempo, se considerada, pode promover o aprimoramento das ações de vigilância e controle da leishmaniose visceral.

Abstract Visceral leishmaniosis is a neglected tropical disease. We evaluated the spatial distribution of cases of visceral leishmaniosis in the state of Alagoas, Brazil. All cases of VL, registered by the health department, were analyzed and georeferenced. Results: Between 2008 and 2017, 97.1% of the municipalities presented sporadic classification of transmission. With temporal evolution, the incidence of cases of visceral leishmaniosis was concentrated in most municipalities in the microregion of Santana do Ipanema-AL. Space-time analysis, if considered, may promote the improvement of surveillance and control actions of visceral leishmaniosis.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.253098

ESTUDO DE IMPRESSÕES DIGITAIS LATENTES E NOVOS REVELADORES POR PAPER SPRAY MASS SPECTROMETRY (PS-MS)
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Gomes, Francisco M.

; Pereira, Claudio M. P. de

; Mariotti, Kristiane C.

; Pereira, Thieres M.

; Santos, Nayara A. dos

; França, Hildegardo S.

; Romão, Wanderson

Química Nova

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2024, Volume 47 N. 1 elocation e-20230085

Abstract: Pt | Text: Pt | PDF: Pt

In the criminal sphere, it is extremely important to identify perpetrators of crimes based on latent fingerprints (invisible to the naked eye) revealed at crime scenes and their corresponding objects. The present work aimed to evaluate four synthetic analogues of curcumin as possible IDL developers, and to compare their results with those of carbon black developer, as well as to reach the most adequate parameters in the use of the LTQ and FT-ICR mass spectrometers with the paper spray ionization (PS) source to study the chemical composition of the endogenous substances contained in the IDL. For this, a 24-1 factorial design was developed, where it was verified that the distance and voltage factors were the most influential for the increase in the response of signals, in the analysis of latent fingerprints by PS. Among the detected substances we can mention around 20 fatty acids, and squalene. Finally, four potential developers, synthetic analogues of curcumin, were compared with carbon black developer. The revelation of latent fingerprints occurred efficiently, allowing the visualization of minutiae, such as bifurcation and end of line, making it possible to classify them, according to the Vucetich Fingerprint Classification System.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20230085

Fertilization with zinc improves the growth and photosynthetic performance of dwarf green coconut seedlings
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Moraes, Ana R. A. de

; Araújo, Suzana R.

; Silva Junior, Mário L. da

; Lins, Paulo M. P.

; Gomes, Maynara S.

; Gomes, Mila F.

; Marques, Jonathan D.

; Dias, Victor H. R.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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nov 2023, Volume 27 N. 11 Pages 864 - 872

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Zinc is an essential micronutrient for plant metabolism and has been studied in several crops of economic interest. However, there is no evidence of its use in coconut crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of foliar zinc fertilization with doses of zinc on dwarf green coconut seedlings based on their nutritional status, growth attributes, and gas exchange. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks, and the treatments consisted of different zinc doses (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 g per plant) with five replicates. Seedlings were positively influenced by zinc dose, mainly in terms of growth variables and gas exchange. Zinc fertilization reduced iron and manganese content and increased zinc concentrations in the leaf tissue. Zinc fertilization promoted an increase in leaf area, height, shoot dry mass, and total dry mass. Furthermore, zinc fertilization improved photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration, instantaneous water use efficiency, and intrinsic water use efficiency. The improvement in these growth indices and gas exchange, in most variables, was up to an estimated dose of approximately 16 g of zinc per plant and decreased with increasing doses.

RESUMO O zinco é um micronutriente de importância essencial para o metabolismo vegetal, é estudado para diversas culturas de interesse econômico, porém sem evidências de estudo para a cultura do coqueiro. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a influência da fertilização com doses de zinco via foliar em mudas de coqueiro anão verde, por meio do estado nutricional, atributos de crescimento e trocas gasosas. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, e os tratamentos foram constituídos por doses de zinco (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25 g por planta), com cinco repetições. As mudas foram influenciadas positivamente pelas doses de zinco principalmente nas variáveis de crescimento e nas trocas gasosas. No estado nutricional afetou de maneira decrescente o ferro e o manganês e aumentou o zinco no tecido foliar. O zinco proporcionou incrementos na área foliar, altura de plantas, massa seca da parte aérea e massa seca total. Além disso, melhorou a fotossíntese, transpiração, condutância estomática, concentração interna de CO2, eficiência instantânea do uso da água e eficiência intrínseca do uso da água. A melhora nesses índices de crescimento e trocas gasosas, na maioria das variáveis, foi até a dose estimada de aproximadamente 16 g de zinco por planta e diminuiu com o aumento das doses.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n11p864-872

Production, gas and biochemical exchanges in pear cultivated in semi-arid region under different irrigation managements
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Gomes, Victor H. F.

; Simões, Welson L.

; Silva, Jucicléia S. da

; Garrido, Marlon da S.

; Silva, José A. B. da

; Lopes, Paulo R. C.

; Silva, Weslley O. da

; Santos, Leane R. dos

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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may 2023, Volume 27 N. 5 Pages 335 - 342

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of irrigation systems and water depths on physiological, biochemical and production processes of pear trees grown in the Brazilian semi-arid region. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with 2 × 4 factorial scheme, corresponding to two irrigation systems (drip and microsprinkler) and four irrigation depths (60, 80, 100 and 120% of the crop evapotranspiration - ETc), with four replicates. Water deficit and excess applied to plants are harmful to gas exchange as well as to biosynthesis and accumulation of carbohydrates, amino acids and proteins in leaves, compromising the cultivation cycle of pear plants grown in the Sub-Middle São Francisco region. The irrigation depth of 91.8% ETc promotes the highest production of pear (18.49 kg plant-1) under drip and microsprinkler irrigation systems, under the edaphoclimatic conditions of the Sub-Middle São Francisco region.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de sistemas de irrigação e lâminas de irrigação sobre processos fisiológicos, bioquímicos e produtivos da pereira cultivada no Semiárido brasileiro. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com fatorial 2 x 4, sendo dois sistemas de irrigação (gotejamento e microaspersão) e quatro lâminas de irrigação (60; 80; 100 e 120% da evapotranspiração da cultura - ETc), com quatro repetições. A deficiência e o excesso hídrico aplicados às plantas são prejudiciais às trocas gasosas, bem como à biossíntese e acúmulo de carboidratos, aminoácidos e proteínas nas folhas, comprometendo o ciclo de cultivo de pereiras cultivadas na região do Submédio São Francisco. A lâmina de irrigação de 91,8% ETc promove a maior produção de pereira (18,49 kg planta-1) sob sistemas de irrigação por gotejamento e microaspersão, nas condições edafoclimáticas do Submédio São Francisco.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n5p335-342

Absorb/Transmit Broadband Type Frequency Selective Surface
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G. P. Neto, José Jaime

; Campos, Antonio Luiz P. S.

; Lira, Ruann Victor de A.

; Gomes Neto, Alfredo

; Silva, Maurício W. B.

Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications

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mar 2023, Volume 22 N. 1 Pages 1 - 12

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS) are increasingly being used in telecommunications systems due to the numerous advantages presented by this sort of structure, among them low cost, ease of fabrication, and low profile stand out. This work reports the design, fabrication, and characterization of a multilayer frequency-selective absorber (FSA) for broadband operation. The proposed structure shows an absorption performance (operating in the frequency range between 2 GHz and 6 GHz) within the transmission band. The absorber consists of cascaded frequency selective surfaces, which are composed of both conductive square loops, which reflect incident signals, and resistive ones, which act as an absorbing layer. To verify the absorbing structure performance, full-wave numerical simulations and measurements are presented. The measured results are in good agreement with the numerical ones and show that the design performs absorption above 80% within the range of 2.48 GHz to 6.13 GHz, which verifies the project properties. Besides that, numerical results show that the proposed absorber has a proper response under oblique incidence up to 30°.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-10742023v22i1268430

Dynamics of plant organic matter decomposition in different agricultural landscapes
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Silva, João H. C. S.

; Barbosa, Alex da S.

; Gomes, Daniel da S.

; Aquino, Italo de S.

; Silva, Janaína R. da

Revista Caatinga

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mar 2023, Volume 36 N. 1 Pages 135 - 144

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT The functioning of ecosystems or agroecosystems is mainly dependent on the soil-litterfall interaction. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different soil use and management systems on the dynamics of decomposition of plant residues of Azadirachta indica (neem) and Gliricidia sepium (gliricidia). The study was conducted in four land occupation systems, namely: remaining forest, agroforestry, agricultural mandala, and pasture. The decomposition rate was estimated using nylon bags (litter bags), containing 20 g of leaves of A. indica and G. sepium, which were arranged on the soil surface of each area for 18, 36, 54, 72, 90, and 108 days. A completely randomized design was used for each species, considering each area as one treatment, with four replications for each collection. The data were subjected to regression analysis and the means were compared by the Tukey's test (p<0.05). More than 85% and 90% of A. indica and G. sepium plant matters, respectively, had been decomposed after 108 days, regardless of the system evaluated, denoting that these species present high decomposition rates. The phytomass half-life time varied from 16 to 23 days for G. sepium and from 25 to 37 days for A. indica, depending on the land use system. Edaphic temperature, soil water content, and leaf physical and chemical characteristics are weight loss predictors. The results provide important information to enable forest management practices.

RESUMO O funcionamento dos ecossistemas ou agroecossistemas depende, sobretudo, da interação solo-serapilheira. Assim, objetivouse avaliar a influência de diferentes sistemas de uso e manejo do solo sobre a dinâmica de decomposição dos resíduos vegetais de Azadirachta indica e Gliricidia sepium. O estudo foi conduzido em quatro sistemas de ocupação da terra, sendo eles: remanescente florestal, sistema agroflorestal (SAF), mandala agrícola e pastagem. A taxa de decomposição foi estimada com o uso de sacolas de nylon (litter bags), contendo 20 g de folhas de A. indica e G. sepium, que foram dispostas na superfície do solo de cada área por um período de 18, 36, 54, 72, 90 e 108 dias. Adotou-se um DIC, considerando cada área como um tratamento e quatro repetições a cada coleta, para ambas as espécies. Os dados foram submetidos a uma análise de regressão e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste Tukey (p<0,05). Após 108 dias, mais de 85 e 90% da fitomassa de A. indica e G. sepium, respectivamente, havia sido decomposta, independente do sistema avaliado, indicando que estas espécies apresentam rápida taxa de decomposição. O tempo de meia-vida (T½) do material vegetal variou de 16 a 23 dias no caso da G. sepium e de 25 a 37 dias no caso da A. indica, dependendo do sistema de uso da terra. A temperatura edáfica, o conteúdo de água do solo e as características físico-químicas da fração foliar são preditores da perda de massa. Esses conhecimentos podem fornecer importantes informações que viabilizem práticas de manejo florestal.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252023v36n115rc

10.

Early Six-Minute Walk Test May Predict Midterm Outcomes Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
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Pauletti, Hayanne O.

; Gomes, Walter José

; Rocco, Isadora S.

; Viceconte, Marcela

; Garcia, Bruna Caroline Matos

; Marcondi, Natasha O.

; Bublitz, Caroline B.

; Costa, Ariele dos Santos

; Paiva, Thâmara Pequeno de

; Spina, Giovanna Domingues

; Begot, Isis

; Silva, Célia Camelo

; Moreira, Rita Simone L.

; Branco, João Nelson Rodrigues

; Vargas, Guilherme Flora

; Hossne Jr., Nelson A.

; Arena, Ross

; Guizilini, Solange

Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery

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2023, Volume 38 N. 4 elocation e20220459

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aims to investigate the ability of the six-minute walk distance (6MWD) as a prognostic marker for midterm clinical outcomes three months after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), to identify possible predictors of fall in 6MWD in the early postoperative period, and to establish the percentage fall in early postoperative 6MWD, considering the preoperative baseline as 100%. Methods: A prospective cohort of patients undergoing elective CABG were included. The percentage fall in 6MWD was assessed by the difference between preoperative and postoperative day (POD) five. Clinical outcomes were evaluated three months after hospital discharge. Results: There was a significant decrease in 6MWD on POD5 compared with preoperative baseline values (percentage fall of 32.5±16.5%, P<0.0001). Linear regression analysis showed an independent association of the percentage fall of 6MWD with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and preoperative inspiratory muscle strength. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the best cutoff value of percentage fall in 6MWD to predict poorer clinical outcomes at three months was 34.6% (area under the curve = 0.82, sensitivity = 78.95%, specificity = 76.19%, P=0.0001). Conclusion: This study indicates that a cutoff value of 34.6% in percentage fall of 6MWD on POD5 was able to predict poorer clinical outcomes at three months of follow-up after CABG. Use of CPB and preoperative inspiratory muscle strength were independent predictors of percentage fall of 6MWD in the postoperative period. These findings further support the clinical application of 6MWD and propose an inpatient preventive strategy to guide clinical management over time.

https://doi.org/10.21470/1678-9741-2022-0459

11.

Toxicity and larvicidal activity on Aedes aegypti of citronella essential oil submitted to enzymatic esterification
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Cansian, R. L.

; Staudt, A.

; Bernardi, J. L.

; Puton, B. M. S.

; Oliveira, D.

; de Oliveira, J. V.

; Gomes, A. C. C.

; Andrade, B. C. O. P.

; Leal, I. C. R.

; Simas, N. K.

; Zeni, J.

; Jungues, A.

; Dallago, R. M.

; Backes, G. T.

; Paroul, N.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e244647

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O óleo essencial de citronela (Cymbopogon winterianus) possui diversas atividades biológicas, entre elas a ação repelente a insetos. Alguns estudos mostraram que os ésteres do ácido cinâmico podem ser aplicados como pesticidas naturais, inseticidas e fungicidas. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a produção de ésteres a partir do óleo essencial de citronela com ácido cinâmico via esterificação enzimática. Além disso, foi investigada a toxicidade do óleo essencial antes e após a esterificação contra Artemia salina e a ação larvicida sobre Aedes aegypti. Os ésteres foram produzidos utilizando ácido cinâmico como agente acilante e óleo essencial de citronela (3: 1) em heptano e 15% em peso da enzima NS 88011 como biocatalisadores, a 70 ° C e 150 rpm. As taxas de conversão de cinamatos de citronelil e geranil foram 58,7 e 69,0% para NS 88011, respectivamente. Para a toxicidade sobre Artemia salina foram obtidos CL50 de 5,29 μg mL-1 para o óleo essencial e 4,36 μg mL-1 para os óleos esterificados com NS 88011. Na atividade inseticida contra larvas de Aedes aegypti, obteve-se CL50 de 111,84 μg mL-1 para o óleo essencial de citronela e 86,30 μg mL-1 para os óleos esterificados com a enzima NS 88011, indicando alta toxicidade dos ésteres. Os resultados demonstraram que as amostras avaliadas apresentam potencial de aplicação como bioinseticida.

Abstract The essential oil of citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus) has several biological activities, among them the insect repellent action. Some studies showed that cinnamic acid esters can be applied as natural pesticides, insecticides and fungicides. In this context, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the production of esters from citronella essential oil with cinnamic acid via enzymatic esterification. Besides, the essential oil toxicity before and after esterification against Artemia salina and larvicidal action on Aedes aegypti was investigated. Esters were produced using cinnamic acid as the acylating agent and citronella essential oil (3:1) in heptane and 15 wt% NS 88011 enzyme as biocatalysts, at 70 °C and 150 rpm. Conversion rates of citronellyl and geranyl cinnamates were 58.7 and 69.0% for NS 88011, respectively. For the toxicity to Artemia salina LC50 results of 5.29 μg mL-1 were obtained for the essential oil and 4.36 μg mL-1 for the esterified oils obtained with NS 88011. In the insecticidal activity against Aedes aegypti larvae, was obtained LC50 of 111.84 μg mL-1 for the essential oil of citronella and 86.30 μg mL-1 for the esterified oils obtained with the enzyme NS 88011, indicating high toxicity of the esters. The results demonstrated that the evaluated samples present potential of application as bioinsecticide.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.244647 362 downloads

12.

Phytochemical characterization, antioxidant potential and antibacterial activity of the Croton argyrophylloides Muell. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae)
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Neri, T. S.

; Silva, K. W. L.

; Maior, L. P. S.

; Oliveira-Silva, S. K.

; Azevedo, P. V. M.

; Gomes, D. C. S.

; Souza, M. A.

; Pavão, J. M. S. J.

; Costa, J. G.

; Cunha, A. L.

; Ferreira-Júnior, G. C.

; Matos-Rocha, T. J.

; Santos, A. F.

; Fonseca, S. A.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e236649

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Croton argyrophylloides Muell. Arg., pertencente à família Euphorbiaceae, conhecida popularmente como marmeleiro prateado e sacatinga, é um vegetal do bioma caatinga comumente encontrado no Nordeste do Brasil. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade antioxidante da espécie. O estudo fitoquímico foi realizado por meio de análise qualitativa dos constituintes químicos e determinação quantitativa do teor de fenóis totais pelo teste de Folin-Ciocalteu. Os testes antioxidantes qualitativos e quantitativos foram realizados pelo método do DPPH (2,2 difenil-1- picril-hidrazila) e redução do ferro (FRAP). A concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) foi determinada por microdiluição em placas de 96 poços. O extrato etanólico das folhas de C. argyrophylloides apresentou ação antioxidante no teste DPPH quantitativo com uma significativa bioatividade de 84.70 AAO% em 500 µg/mL, apresentando um CE50 de 236.79. O teor de compostos fenólicos totais, foi de 946,06 mg equivalentes de ácido gálico/g de amostra, e de flavonoides totais de 58,11 mg equivalentes de quercetina/g da amostra, o valor encontrado para FRAP foi de 15294,44 µM Trolox/g da amostra e de ABTS foi 718 μM Trolox da amostra. A prospecção dos constituintes químicos das folhas de C. argyrophylloides revelou a presença dos principais compostos que caracterizam a atividade antioxidante e foi possível comprovar pelo método de DPPH que há atividade antioxidante na amostra analisada, além de demonstrar um resultado significativo de teor de compostos fenólicos e teor de flavonoides totais na espécie e o que corrobora com a atividade antioxidante da amostra vegetal. Os extratos das folhas apresentaram halos de inibição de crescimento de 10 e 12mm frente a Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923.

Abstract Croton argyrophylloides Muell. Arg., from the Euphorbiaceae family, popularly known as marmeleiro prateado or sacatinga, is a plant from the Caatinga biome commonly found in Brazil’s northeastern region. The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the species. The phytochemical study was performed through qualitative analysis of chemical constituents and quantitative determination of the total phenol content through the Folin-Ciocalteu test. The qualitative and quantitative antioxidant tests were performed using the DPPH method (2.2 diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazil) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by microdilution in 96-well plates. The ethanolic extract of the leaves of C. argyrophylloides manifested antioxidant action in the quantitative DPPH test with a significant bioactivity of 84.70 AAO% in 500 µg/mL, with an EC50 of 236.79. The content of total phenolic compounds was 946.06 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g of sample, and total flavonoids was 58.11 mg of quercetin equivalents/g of sample, the result obtained for FRAP was 15294.44 µM Trolox/g of sample and ABTS was 718 μM Trolox of sample. The prospecting of the chemical constituents of the leaves of C. argyrophylloides revealed the presence of the main compounds that manifests the antioxidant activity and it was proven by the DPPH method that there is antioxidant activity in the analyzed sample, in addition to demonstrating a significant content of phenolic compounds and total flavonoid content in the species, which corroborates the antioxidant activity of the plant sample. The leaf extracts presented growth inhibition halos of 10 and 12 mm upon Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.236649 130 downloads

13.

Variations in heterochromatin content reveal important polymorphisms for studies of genetic improvement in garlic (Allium sativum L.)
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Bacelar, P. A. A.

; Feitoza, L. L.

; Valente, S. E. S.

; Gomes, R. L. F.

; Martins, L. V.

; Almeida, P. M.

; Silva, V. B.

; Lopes, A. C. A.

; Carvalho, R.

; Peron, A. P.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e243514

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Allium sativum L. é uma erva da família Alliaceae com sabor e aroma específicos e propriedades medicinais e nutracêuticas amplamente comercializada em diversos países. O Brasil é um dos maiores importadores de alho do mundo, apesar da sua produção ser restrita e limitada ao consumo interno. Assim, explorar a diversidade genética do alho comercial conservado em bancos de germoplasma é essencial para fornecer informações genéticas adicionais acerca dessa cultura economicamente importante. Uma ferramenta adequada para esse fim é a caracterização citogenética desses acessos. Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a diversidade citogenética entre sete acessos de alho de um Banco de Germoplasma no Brasil. Os cariótipos foram obtidos por coloração convencional e com os fluorocromos de cromomicina A3 (CMA) e 4,6-diamidino-2-fenilindol (DAPI). Todos os acessos analisados apresentaram número cromossômico 2n = 16, fórmula cariotípica 6M + 2SM, cariótipos simétricos, núcleos reticulados em intérfase e cromossomos com condensação uniforme da cromatina da prófase para a metáfase. A coloração com fluorocromos mostrou diferenças na quantidade e distribuição de heterocromatina ao longo dos cromossomos e entre os acessos estudados. Com base no padrão de distribuição desses pequenos polimorfismos, foi possível separar os sete acessos em três grupos. Também foi possível diferenciar individualmente alguns dos acessos. Um dos resultados obtidos mostrou distensão heteromórfica da região organizadora nucleolar observada nos pares dos cromossomos 6 ou 7 com características peculiares. Foi sugerido, por exemplo, que o bloco heteromórfico de heterocromatina (CMA +++ / DAPI-) no cromossomo 6 do acesso “Branco Mineiro Piauí” pode ser usado como um marcador para identificar esse genótipo ou pode estar associado a algum caráter de interesse econômico.

Abstract Allium sativum L. is an herb of the Alliaceae family with a specific taste and aroma and medicinal and nutraceutical properties that are widely marketed in several countries. Brazil is one of the largest importers of garlic in the world, despite of its production is restricted and limited to internal consumption. Thus, explore the genetic diversity of commercial garlic conserved at germplasm banks is essential to generate additional genetic information about its economically important crop. A suitable tool for this purpose is the cytogenetic characterisation of these accessions. This study aimed to characterise the cytogenetic diversity among seven accessions of garlic from a Germplasm Bank in Brazil. The karyotypes were obtained by conventional staining and with chromomycin A3 (CMA) and 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) fluorochromes. All accessions analysed showed chromosome number 2n = 16, karyotype formula 6M+2SM, symmetrical karyotypes, reticulate interphase nuclei, and chromosomes with uniform chromatin condensation from prophase to metaphase. The fluorochromes staining showed differences in the amount and distribution of heterochromatin along the chromosomes and between accessions studied. Based on the distribution pattern of these small polymorphisms, it was possible to separate the seven accessions into three groups. It was also possible to differentiate some of the accessions individually. One of the results obtained showed a heteromorphic distension of the nucleolar organiser region observed on the chromosome pairs 6 or 7 with peculiar characteristics. It was suggested for example, that the heteromorphic block of heterochromatin (CMA+++/DAPI-) on chromosome 6 of the “Branco Mineiro Piauí” accession can be used as a marker to identify this genotype or may be associated with some character of economic interest.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.243514 2212 downloads

14.

How many species of Mollusca are there in Brazil? A collective taxonomic effort to reveal this still unknown diversity
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Machado, Fabrizio M.

; Miranda, Marcel S.

; Salvador, Rodrigo B.

; Pimenta, Alexandre D.

; Côrtes, Mariana O.

; Gomes, Jaime A.J.

; Miyahira, Igor C.

; Agudo-Padrón, Ignacio

; Oliveira, Cléo D.C.

; Caetano, Carlos H.S.

; Coelho, Paulo R.S.

; D’Ávila, Sthefane

; Arruda, Eliane P. de

; Almeida, Sérgio M. de

; Gomes, Suzete R.

; Alvim, Juliana

; Galvão-Filho, Hilton

; L. Ferreira-Júnior, Augusto

; Marques, Rodrigo C.

; Martins, Inês

; Souza, Leonardo S. de

; Arruda, Janine O.

; Cavallari, Daniel C.

; Santos, Sonia B. dos

; Pedro, Natan C.

; Salles, Anna C. de A.

; Dornellas, Ana P.S.

; Lima, Tarcilla C. de

; Amaral, Vanessa S. do

; Silva, Fernanda S.

; Passos, Flávio D.

; Thiengo, Silvana S.

; Leite, Tatiana S.

; Simone, Luiz R.L.

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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2023, Volume 40 elocation e23026

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The expression ‘you need to know to conserve’ is a well-known cliche among biologists. Documenting the richness of a group of organisms is the first step towards understanding biodiversity and preparing efficient conservation plans. In this context, many efforts have been made to quantify the number of species on Earth and estimate the number of species still unknown to science. A few countries have complete and integrated databases estimating the approximate number of species recorded for their territory, particularly in the Global South. In Brazil, a country of continental dimensions, revealing the richness of the second most diverse clade of invertebrates (=Mollusca) has been a goal of taxonomists. Recently, in an unprecedented, collective, and integrated effort among Brazilian malacologists, it was possible to estimate how many valid species of molluscs are there in Brazil. In this effort, more than 30 mollusc experts joined together to update the Taxonomic Catalogue of the Brazilian Fauna (TCBF), a governmental website that allows a quick and real-time updating of all Metazoan. So far, more than 5,000 updates have been made in TCBF, indicating the presence of 3,552 valid species of molluscs in Brazil, distributed among the main clades as follows: Caudofoveata (10 spp.), Solenogastres (6 spp.), Polyplacophora (35 spp.), Scaphopoda (43 spp.), Cephalopoda (92 spp.), Bivalvia (629 spp.) and Gastropoda (2,737 spp.). The present study, in addition to demonstrating for the first time the richness of Brazilian molluscs, also presents the state of the art of this important phylum of invertebrates highlighting its most representative and neglected groups.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v40.e23026

15.

Litterfall production, decomposition and litter nutrient contents in a mined area revegetated with different forest species
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Valente, Fernanda Daniele de Almeida

; Castro, Marllon Fialho de

; Lustosa Filho, José Ferreira

; Lopes, Aldo Teixeira

; Borges, Silvano Rodrigues

; Gomes, Lucas Carvalho

; Neves, Júlio César Lima

; Silva, Ivo Ribeiro da

; Oliveira, Teogenes Senna de

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo

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2023, Volume 47 elocation e0220122

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Afforestation of sites disturbed after bauxite mining is the favorite technique to restore all ecosystem functions. The nature of the tree species used for revegetation of post-mining land can accelerate the recovery of soil organic matter and nutrient cycles. This study aimed to determine the litterfall production, decomposition rate and nutrient content from three types of forest cover ( Eucalyptus , Anadenanthera peregrina , mixed plantation of 16 native species) planted in a bauxite mining area in recovery. Litterfall production was evaluated monthly over 30 months, and the litter mass was assessed twice a year (dry and rainy periods). Total nutrient content was determined from samples grouped by period (dry and rainy). The annual average values for litterfall dry mass and litter mass were higher in Eucalyptus and mixed native. The period (dry or rainy) did not influence litterfall rates in A. peregrina , but Eucalyptus and mixed native presented higher amounts for litterfall during the rainy and dry periods, respectively. Litter accumulation in Eucalyptus was not affected by the season of the year, but mixed native and A. peregrina presented higher litter accumulation in the dry season. Apparent decomposition rates of A. peregrina and mixed native were higher in the rainy season, highlighting the A. peregrina with the highest values compared with the other forest covers. The mixed native presented the highest leaf content of P, K, Ca and Mg in both the litterfall and litter mass, while Eucalyptus had the lowest P, K, Ca, S and N content and the highest C content in the litterfall. Litterfall production is important in degraded areas to ensure the nutrient return to the soil. The data obtained suggest that the cultivation of a mixed of 16 native trees contribute for produce the higher annual litterfall yields, besides produces leaf litterfall of better nutritional quality in relation to P, K, Ca, Mg and S. Therefore, mixed of native trees can be a promising option for reactivation of nutrient cycling and organic matter formation in mined area of bauxite in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20220122

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