The evaluation of the Brazilian basic school points to a big gap in the students' learning. The low school profit is more emphasized among students of the frequented public schools, predominantly, by children and young men of the popular social groups. The great challenge of the State and of the Brazilian Society is to guarantee a school education that corresponds to the concrete needs, mainly, of those social segments that attend to the public system. The satisfaction of that demand passes, above all, for an educational process that provides them the ransom of its cultural identity.
School education; science teaching; cultural identity