Methane emission from a flooded rice field under pre-germinated system

Lima, Magda Aparecida de; Vieira, Rosana Faria; Frighetto, Rosa Toyoko Shiraishi; Luiz, Alfredo José Barreto; Villela, Omar Vieira

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20190336

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CROP PRODUCTION • Cienc. Rural 49 (11) • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20190336 copy

Methane emission from a flooded rice field under pre-germinated system

Emissão de metano em área de arroz irrigado sob sistema pré-germinado

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

Local greenhouse gas flow measurement studies have been encouraged at a global level as a subsidy for national and state inventories. This study aimed to evaluate the seasonal methane emission during the 2008/2009 harvest, from an irrigated rice plantation, under pre-germinated system, in the municipality of Tremembé, State of São Paulo, using the static chamber technique and gas chromatography. The study showed high seasonal emission of methane (CH₄) for the studied area, probably due to the long flooding period. It was estimated the CH₄ emission factor (6.2 kg CH₄ ha^-1 dia^-1), the partial global warming potential (pGWP, 26.2 Mg CO₂eq growing season^-1 ha^-1) and the yield-scaled pGWP (YpGWP, 3.9 kg CO₂eq kg grain).

Key words:
flooded rice; pre-germinated system; methane

Authorship

Magda Aparecida de Lima ^*E-mail: magda.lima@embrapa.br. *Corresponding author.

Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Meio Ambiente, 13820-000, Jaguariúna, SP, Brasil. Embrapa Meio AmbienteBrazilJaguariúna, SP, BrazilEmpresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Meio Ambiente, 13820-000, Jaguariúna, SP, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8104-386X

Rosana Faria Vieira

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5206-5891

Rosa Toyoko Shiraishi Frighetto

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8947-9913

Alfredo José Barreto Luiz

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6180-2432

Omar Vieira Villela

Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA), Polo Regional Vale do Paraíba, Pindamonhangaba, SP, Brasil.Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA)BrazilPindamonhangaba, SP, BrazilAgência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA), Polo Regional Vale do Paraíba, Pindamonhangaba, SP, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4354-3027

E-mail: magda.lima@embrapa.br. ^*Corresponding author.

DECLARATION OF CONFLICT OF INTERESTS

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The founding sponsors had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, and in the decision to publish the results.

AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONS

The authors contributed equally to the manuscript.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (1)
Tables (2)

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Figure 1
(A) temperature (ºC) and rainfall (mm) registered at the meteorological station of Pindamonhangaba, SP, Brazil; (B) CH₄ flow (mg m^-2 h^-1) in Tremembé, SP, Brazil; (C) temperatures (ºC) of the air, water and of the soil at 5 cm of depth; Continuous lines: blue = sowing; brown (+N) = application of nitrogen fertilizer (urea); green = flowering of the rice.

Thumbnail

Table 1
Pearson's correlation coefficients and P-levels for the linear relationship between CH₄ emission and the variables measured.

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Table 2
Seasonal pGWP emissions, expressed as CO₂eq ha^-1 season^-1, grain yield in Mg ha^-1, and seasonal yield-scaled pGWP in kg CO₂eq kg^-1 grain, from flooded rice cultivation areas in the south and southeast of Brazil under different forms of management.

Figure 1 (A) temperature (ºC) and rainfall (mm) registered at the meteorological station of Pindamonhangaba, SP, Brazil; (B) CH₄ flow (mg m^-2 h^-1) in Tremembé, SP, Brazil; (C) temperatures (ºC) of the air, water and of the soil at 5 cm of depth; Continuous lines: blue = sowing; brown (+N) = application of nitrogen fertilizer (urea); green = flowering of the rice.

Table 1 Pearson's correlation coefficients and P-levels for the linear relationship between CH₄ emission and the variables measured.

	Tair	Twater	TS5	pHsoil	pHwater	Eh	Fw_height	Pl_height
CH₄	0.4536	0.6021	0.5731	-0.2696	-0.4295	-0.3288	-0.2607	0.1156
P	0.0374	0.0082	0.0162	0.2792	0.0753	0.1828	0.296	0.6480

Tair: air temperature registered at each sampling; Twater: water temperature; TS5: soil temperature at 5 cm of depth; Eh: oxy-reduction potential; Fw_height: floodwater depth; Pl_height: plant height.

Table 2 Seasonal pGWP emissions, expressed as CO₂eq ha^-1 season^-1, grain yield in Mg ha^-1, and seasonal yield-scaled pGWP in kg CO₂eq kg^-1 grain, from flooded rice cultivation areas in the south and southeast of Brazil under different forms of management.

Source	Local	Management	Seasonal pGWP (Mg CO₂eq ha^-1 season^-1)	Grain yield (Mg ha^-1)	Yield-scaled pGWP (kg CO₂eq kg^-1 grain)
BAYER et al. (2014)BAYER, C. et al. Yield-scaled greenhouse gas emissions from flood irrigated rice under long-term conventional tillage and no-till systems in a Humid Subtropical climate. Field Crops Research, v.162, p.60-69, 2014. Available from: <Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429014000781 >. Accessed: April 2, 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2014.03.015. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ar...	Cachoeirinha, RS	Conventional tillage	13.3^(1,3)	7.9^(1,3)	1.8^(1,3)
		No tillage	10.3	7.7	1.4
BAYER et al. (2015)BAYER, C. et al. A seven-year study on the effects of fall soil tillage on yield-scaled greenhouse gas emission from flood irrigated rice in a humid subtropical climate. Soil & Tillage Research, v.145, p.117-125, 2015. Available from: < Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167198714001809 >. Accessed: Apr. 2, 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.still.2014.09.001. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ar...	Cachoeirinha, RS	Fall tillage	8.6^(2,3)	8.1^(2,3)	1.1^(2,3)
		Spring tillage	10.9^(2,3)	7.7^(2,3)	1.4 ^(2,3)

ZSCHORNACK et al. (2016)ZSCHORNACK et al. Mitigation of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from flood-irrigated rice by no incorporation of winter crop residues into the soil. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, v.35, n.2, p.623-634, 2011. Available from: <Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-06832011000200031 >. Accessed: Jul. 11, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-06832011...	Cachoeirinha, RS	CF	10.7⁽⁴⁾	12.0⁽⁴⁾	0.9⁽⁴⁾
		II	6.8⁽⁴⁾	11.8⁽⁴⁾	0.6⁽⁴⁾
		CF	7.6⁽⁵⁾	10.7⁽⁵⁾	0.7⁽⁵⁾
		SII	2.0⁽⁵⁾	10.4⁽⁵⁾	0.2⁽⁵⁾
		FII	2.6⁽⁵⁾	10.9⁽⁵⁾	0.2⁽⁵⁾
MOTERLE et al. (2013)MOTERLE, D.F. et al. Methane efflux in rice paddy field under different irrigation managements. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, v.37, p.431-437, 2013. Available from: <Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-06832013000200014 >. Accessed: Apr. 2, 2019. doi: 10.1590/S0100-06832013000200014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-06832013...	Santa Maria, RS	CWR	12.8	9.3	1.4
		IWR	9.6	9.2	1.0
		CWR	13.3	7.1	1.9
		IWR	13.2	6.8	2.0
LIMA et al. (2007)LIMA, M.A. et al. Emissão de metano em lavouras de arroz irrigado sob sistema pré-germinado. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ARROZ IRRIGADO, 5., 2007, Pelotas. Anais... Pelotas: Embrapa Clima Temperado, 2007. v.1. p.417-419, 2007. Available from: <Available from: https://www.embrapa.br/busca-de-publicacoes/-/publicacao/15997/emissao-de-metano-em-lavouras-de-arroz-irrigado-sob-sistema-pre-germinado >. Accessed: April, 17, 2019. https://www.embrapa.br/busca-de-publicac...	Itajaí, SC	PG - Mineral soil	19.3	9.9	1.9
		PG - Organic soil	38.7	4.8⁽⁶⁾	8.0⁽⁶⁾
EBERHARDT et al. (2009)EBERHARDT, D.S. et al. Emissão de metano em arroz irrigado em Santa Catarina. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ARROZ IRRIGADO, 6, 2009, Porto Alegre. Anais... Porto Alegre, v.1, p.163-166. 2009. Available from: <Available from: https://www.embrapa.br/busca-de-publicacoes/-/publicacao/578037/emissao-de-metano-em-arroz-irrigado-em-santa-catarina >. Accessed: Apr. 30, 2019. https://www.embrapa.br/busca-de-publicac...	Itajaí, SC	PG - Mineral soil	15.6	9.1	1.7
		PG - Organic soil	17.2	6.7	2.6
		PG - Mineral soil	17.1	8.7	2.0
		Direct seeding in dry soil	11.5	8.7	1.3
Current study	Tremembé, SP	PG	27.2	6.8	3.9
LIMA et al. (2014)LIMA, M.A. et al. Methane emissions in flooded rice cultivation. In: BODDEY, R. M. et al. (Ed.). Carbon stocks and greenhouse gas emissions in Brazilian agriculture. Brasília, DF: Embrapa, 2014. Chapter 6.	Pindamonhangaba, SP	Transplanting	5.2⁽⁷⁾	5.7⁽⁷⁾	0.9⁽⁷⁾
Not published data	Pindamonhangaba, SP	PG	8.3	7.3	1.1

¹Average of five agricultural years; ²Average of seven agricultural years; ³N₂O emissions included; ⁴2009/10 agricultural year; ⁵2010/11 agricultural year; ⁶The low rice production was due to the occurrence of diseases; ⁷Average of four agricultural years; CF: Continuous flooding; II: Intermittent irrigation; SII: Sparse intermittent irrigation; FII: Frequent intermittent irrigation; CWR: Continuous water regime; IWR: Intermittent water regime; PG: Pre-germinated.

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Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais , 97105-900 Santa Maria RS Brazil , Tel.: +55 55 3220-8698 , Fax: +55 55 3220-8695 - Santa Maria - RS - Brazil
E-mail: cienciarural@mail.ufsm.br

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Methane emission from a flooded rice field under pre-germinated system

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[1] E-mail: magda.lima@embrapa.br. ^*Corresponding author.