Administração e teorias das organizações contemporâneas: rumo a um humanismo radical crítico?

ARTIGOS / ARTICLES

Administração e teorias das organizações contemporâneas: rumo a um humanismo radical crítico? ¹

Omar Aktouf

Professor titular na École des Hautes Études Commerciales, Montréal

R ESUMO

O autor argumenta que os escritos tradicionais e os debates atuais sobre as novas idéias em administração e em teoria das organizações exigem um embasamento teórico adequado. Propõe então, que aqueles que questionam o futuro e a eficiência das organizações ocidentais precisam levar em consideração as contribuições do humanismo-radical neo-marxista mais do que privilegiar o costumeiro funcionalismoconsensual. Nesse sentido, os teóricos e práticos da administração deveriam integrar tais contribuições a fim de compreender a transformação necessária de um tipo taylorista de empregado passivo e obediente em um outro mais ativo e cooperativo. Assim, para alcançar uma renovação da administração, os pesquisadores devem adotar uma visão global da humanidade, para oferecer aos trabalhadores uma maior margem de controle sobre seus ambientes pessoais e sobre suas condições de trabalho.

A BSTRACT

The author argues that the present mainstream writings on, and debates about "new” ideas of management and theories of organization lack adequate theoretical assumptions and background. He proposes that those who question the future and efficiency of Western organizations need to rely more on a radical-humanistic and neo-Marxist conceptualization than on the functionalistic tradition. Therefore, management theorists and practitioners should integrate such a concept in order to better understand how to transform the passive-obedient Taylorist employee into an active-cooperative one. To achieve a truly renewed form of management, researchers must adopt a global view of humankind, in order to give workers a significant measure of control over their own environments and working conditions.

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• AKTOUF, O. Le management entre tradition et renouvellement (édition révisée
• BARAN, P. A. & SWEEZY, P. M. Monopoly Capital, New York :
• BEYNON, H. Working for Ford, London: Penguin Books, 1973.
• BRAVERMAN, H. Labor and Monopoly Capital, New York: Monthly
• BROWN, L.R. State of the World 1990, Washington: Worldwatch Institute,
• BUROWAY, M. Manufacturing Consent, Chicago: University of Chicago
• BURR, I.W. Elementary Statistical Quality Control, New York: Marcel
• BURRELL, G. & MORGAN, G. Sociological Paradigms and Organizational
• CAILLÉ, A. Critique de la raison utilitaire, manifeste du MAUSS, Paris: La
• CALVEZ, J.Y. La pensée de Karl Marx, Paris:
• CANS, R. Le monde poubelle, Paris: First, 1990.
• CHANLAT, A. & DUFOUR, M. La rupture entre l"entreprise
• CHANLAT, J. F. & SÉGUIN, F. L"analyse des organisations, une
• CLEGG, S. R. Power Myth and Domination, London: Routledge
• CLEGG, S. R. & DUNKERLEY, D. Critical Issues in Organizations, London: Routledge
• CROSBY, P.B. Quality is Free, New York: Mc Graw Hill, 1979.
• CROZIER, M. L"entreprise à l"écoute, Paris: InterEditions, 1989.
• DEJOURS, C. Le travail, usure mentale, Paris: Le
• DEPREE, M. Leadership is an Art, New York: Doubleday, 1989.
• DUMONT, R. Un monde intolérable. Le libéralisme
• DUNCAN, A.J. Quality Control and Industrial Statistics, Homewood, Ill:
• ETCHEGOYEN, A. Les entreprises ont-elles une âme?, Paris: François
• ETZIONI, A. The Moral Dimension. Toward a New Economics, New York: Free
• EVANS-PRITCHARD, E. E. Social Anthropology, London: Cohen and
• FROMM, E. Marx"s Concept of Man, New York: Frederick Ungar, 1961.
• GALBRAITH, J.K. The Affluent Society, Boston: Hougton Mifflin, 1958.
• GALBRAITH, J.K. Economics in Perspective. A Critical History, Boston: Hougton
• GRAMSCI, A. Sélections from the Prison Notebooks, New York:
• HASSARD, J. Time, Work and Organization, London: Routledge
• HEILBRONER, R. The Wordly Philosophers, New York: Washington Square Press,
• HEILBRONER, R. Marxism: For and Against, New York: W.W. Norton and Company,
• JURAN, J. M. & GRYNA, F. M. Quality Planning and Analysis, New York: Mc Graw
• KETS de VRIES, M. & MILLER, D. The Neurotic
• KILMAN, R. H. et al, Gaining Control of the Corporate Culture, San Francisco:
• KOLAKOWSKI, L. Toward a Marxist Humanism, New York: Grove
• KOLAKOWSKI, L. Main Currents of Marxism, 3 vols. London: Oxford University
• KOLAKOWSKI, L. Histoire du marxisme, vol. 2, Paris: Fayard, 1987.
• LOVELOCK, J. F. Gaïa, a New Look at Life on Earth, New York: W.W.
• LUCAKS, G. History and Class Consciousness, Cambridge, Mass.: Cambridge University
• MANTOUX, P. La révolution industrielle du XVIIIe siècle, Paris: Genin,
• MAURY, R. Les patrons japonais parlent, Paris: Seuil, 1990.
• MICHEL, S. Peut-on gérer les motivations?, Paris: PUF, 1989.
• MINTZBERG, H. Inside Our Strange World of Organisations, New York: Free
• MITROFF, I. I. & PAUCHANT, T. We"re so Big and Powerful Nothing
• MORGAN, G. Images of Organizations, Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, 1986.
• NEUVILLE, J. La condition ouvrière au XIXe siècle. L"ouvrier
• NEUVILLE, J. La condition ouvrière au XIXe siècle. L"ouvrier
• OLIVE, D. Just Rewards: The Case of Ethical Reform in Business, Toronto: Key
• ORGOGOZO, I.. & SERIEYX, H. Changer le changement, Paris: Seuil,
• OUCHI, W. G. Theory Z : How American Business can Meet the Japanese
• PACKARD, V. The Ultra Rich, How Much is Too Much, London: Little,
• PAGÈS, M. et al. L"emprise de l"organisation, 3e édition, Paris:
• PASCALE, R. T. & ATHOS, A. G. The Art of Japanese Management, New York: Simon and
• PERROW, C. Complex Organizations, a Critical Essay, New York: Random
• PESTEL, E. L"Homme et la croissance, Rapport au Club de Rome, Paris: Economica,
• PETERS, T. Thriving on Chaos, San Francisco: Alfred A. Knopf Inc, 1987.
• PETERS, T. & AUSTIN, N. A Passion of Excellence, New York: Random
• PETERS, T. & LEE, J. A. The Gold and the Garbage in Management
• PETERS, T. & WATERMAN, R. In Search of Excellence, New York: Harper
• PFEFFER, R. Working for Capitalism, New York: Columbia University
• RIFKIN, J. The Entropy Law, A New World View, New York: Bentam Books, 1980.
• SAINSAULIEU, R. et al. Organisation et management en question(s), Paris: L"Harmattan,
• SARTRE, J. P. Existentialism and Humanism, London: Methuen,
• SARTRE, J. P. Being and Nothingness, New York: Washington Square Press,
• SARTRE, J. P. Critique of Dialectical Reason, vol. 1, London:
• SCHUMPETER, J. Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, New York: Harper
• SÉGUIN, F. & CHANLAT, J.-F. (1983), L"analyse des
• SERIEYX, H. Le zéro mépris, Paris: InterEditions, 1989.
• SILVERMAN, D. The Theory of Organizations, London: Heineman
• SOLOMON, R.C. & HANSON, K.R. It"s Good Business, New York:
• TERKEL, D. Working, New York: Avon Books, 1972.
• TOFFLER, A. The Third Wave, New York: William Morrow, 1980.
• TOFFLER, A. The Adaptive Corporation, New York: McGraw Hill, 1986.
• TURNER, B. A. (dir.) Organizational Symbolism, Berlin-New York:
• VARELA, F. J. Principles of Biological Autonomy, New York:
• VILLETTE, M. L"homme qui croyait au management, Paris: Seuil,
• VINCENT, J. C. Des systèmes et des hommes, Paris: Les
• VOSLENSKY, M. La Nomenklatura, Paris:
• WATERMAN, R. The Renewal Factor, New York: Bentam Publishers, 1987.
• WEITZMAN, M. The Share Economy: Conquering Stagflation, Cambridge, Mass.:

1

O autor agradece aos Professores Lynda Smircich e Gareth Morgan pela suas sugestoes encorajadoras e gostaria de expressar toda sua gratidao pela leitura e pelos comentários aos Professores Richard Déry, Didier Van den Hove, Alain Joly e Thierry Pauchant. Tradução: Eduardo Davel / Revisão Técnica: Fernando Prestes Motta. Artigo traduzido da publicação original em língua inglesa: AKTOUF. O. "Management and Theories of Organizations in the 1990s: Toward a Critical Radical Humanism”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 17, n. 3, p. 407-431, 1992.

Datas de Publicação

• Publicação nesta coleção
  06 Fev 2015
• Data do Fascículo
  Ago 2001