Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Lysozyme is an antimicrobial enzyme present in animal secretions with applications in food, pharmaceutical, and biotechnological industries. This study purified and characterized lysozyme from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) mucus as a sustainable alternative source and evaluated its antimicrobial activity. Purification via crystallization and ultrafiltration yielded 40.4% recovery and 352.86 U/mg activity. The enzyme showed optimal activity at pH 6.0 and 45 °C, remaining stable between pH 5.0–8.0 and up to 65 °C. It was resistant to Ca²⁺ and Mn²⁺ and stable in organic solvents. Compared to commercial lysozyme, it exhibited higher catalytic efficiency, highlighting its industrial potential.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Palometa (Serrasalmus maculatus) is a predatory freshwater fish that is abundant in South America. Palometa is rarely consumed and has low commercial value because of its short storage time and low acceptability due to the large number of small bones. Despite being a good source of protein, the amino acid profile of this meat remains unknown. This study analyzed the amino acid profile of palometa meat using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The meat was also pulped and applied to salty cookies. The amino acid concentration range was 2.82 (glutamine) to 234.17 (glutamic acid) mg g-1 of protein. All essential amino acids were detected in the meat, pulp, and cookies, except for tryptophan, and lysine and leucine were prominent. The cookies with 10% pulp presented an increase in lysine, isoleucine, and leucine compared to the standard, and the chemical score demonstrated that palometa is a good source of threonine. The sensory attributes of the cookies showed an acceptance rate of over 70.0%. In conclusion, the development of salty cookies can be a way to incorporate palometa fish, with high protein quality, in food formulations, valuing this underutilized raw material and being a strategy to increase fish consumption in the population.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique, coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), is a key tool for characterizing particulate matter (PM), offering advantages such as in natura and non-destructive sample analysis. Published studies typically present SEM images alongside the elemental spectrum from EDS. Less commonly explored in the literature, the EDS elemental maps, performed with successive scans at appropriate resolution, can identify substances even when SEM analysis is compromised. In this present study performed PM analyses via SEM-EDS on samples collected using quartz and fiberglass filters during an environmental monitoring campaign across three regions of Rio de Janeiro, with no filter pre-treatment required. Blank filter characterization revealed that fiberglass filters contained Na, Ba, and Zn (~ 6%), while quartz filters is cleaner. The analysis enabled PM classification as organic/inorganic and natural/anthropogenic. Organic particles in the inland city included pollen and soot from biomass burning, while in the metropolitan area, clusters of small carbon spheres were linked to incomplete fuel combustion. Inorganic particles in the environmental reserve included aluminosilicates from crustal sources, while the inland city had iron-rich particles. Despite the long operation time, EDS elementary maps identified overlapping elements, enabling more accurate determination of PM’s chemical composition.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The simulation, in flow regime, of the chlorate-nitrous acid-iodine-iodide oscillating reaction has shown a new kind of dynamic behavior. In addition to bursts separated by increasing amplitude oscillations, at low input chlorate concentration and low flow rate a repetitive sequence of bifurcations presenting period-1 (regular oscillations), period-2 (double amplitude oscillations), period-4 (four amplitude oscillations), etc., followed by chaos, which is a period-doubling cascade, was observed. This sequence of bifurcations and chaos occurs between a cluster of bursts. However, this sequence of bifurcations, chaos and bursts occur spontaneously and keeps repeating without the change of any parameter of the system, which are the input concentrations and flow rate.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is a versatile crop with considerable nutritional, medicinal, and industrial potential. In field-grown plants, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and their derivatives are among the most abundant secondary metabolites and are closely associated with the biological activity of sweet potato extracts. Although tissue and organ culture techniques have been explored for decades, their application beyond plant regeneration remains limited. Optimizing callus proliferation is essential for biotechnological applications, particularly when aiming to utilize native genotypes. This study aimed to develop an in vitro protocol to enhance biomass production from a sweet potato variety traditionally grown in La Guajira and explore its potential for bioactive compound production. The application of 1.5 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) effectively induced high callus formation from leaf explants, while a pre-adaptation period in basal medium improved cell proliferation in both in gelled and liquid media. Thin-layer chromatography and LC-QTOF-MS confirmed the presence of secondary metabolites, with variations observed in total phenolic content and antioxidant activity during cell culture growth. These findings represent an advancement in biotechnological processes related to sweet potato callus proliferation. The developed protocol provides a foundation for future research on the production of novel bioactive compounds from this traditional crop.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Objective: This systematic review analyzed machine learning (ML) techniques for predicting and classifying mortality in traumatic brain injury (TBI) victims. Methods: The PICOS (People, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Study) strategy was used for the research question. The included studies were indexed in the Virtual Health Library and the National Library of Medicine, written in English, Portuguese, or Spanish, and focused on TBI-related mortality. Exclusions comprised animal studies, molecular research, reviews, and unavailable full texts. Results: Of 1,752 screened studies, 36 met inclusion criteria. Most publications emerged in 2023 (n = 10, 27.8%), with the highest number of publications belonging to Asian countries (n = 12, 33.3%). The general mean age of TBI was 50.5 years for male adults and the main causes were motor vehicle accidents and falls. The main predictors of mortality were low Glasgow Coma Scale score (n=17, 12.9%) and age (n=14, 10.6%). The best machine learning techniques to predict mortality were Support Vector Machine, Logistic Regression, Random Forest and eXtreme Gradient Boosting. The areas under the curve (AUC) ranged from 0.757 to 0.968. Conclusion: Machine learning techniques seem to be useful and promising tools for predicting mortality in TBI victims, and thus help in clinical decisions.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Type 2 diabetes and obesity, often modelled in rodents through high-fat diet interventions, are associated with altered brain energy metabolism and cognitive impairments. However, discrepancies between rodent high-fat diet models and human metabolic diseases challenge the translation of findings. This review provides a view on clinical and preclinical studies examining the effects of high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction on brain function, focusing on the limitations of current rodent models, including diet composition, duration, and control diets. It is discussed how these factors influence brain metabolism and cognition, and highlight the need for standardized, longitudinal, and sex-inclusive studies. The present analysis underscores that while studies using high-fat diet-fed rodents provide valuable mechanistic insights, their metabolic profiles do not fully replicate human obesity and type 2 diabetes. These findings emphasize the importance of refining experimental models to better understand diet-induced brain dysfunction and to develop effective interventions.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Vitamin A is a group of compounds, including retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, and carotenoids. These compounds play essential roles in vision, reproduction, immune regulation, and cellular differentiation. Deficiency remains a global health issue. Beyond its classical functions, evidence suggests that vitamin A plays a role as a modulator of glucose homeostasis and diabetes pathogenesis. This review examined the relationship between vitamin A status and diabetes mellitus, with a focus on pancreatic β-cell function, morphology, and survival. The analysis integrated findings from clinical, epidemiological, and experimental studies published up to 2025. It covered absorption, metabolism, and molecular mechanisms. Evidence shows that vitamin A influences β-cell development, insulin secretion, and protection against oxidative and inflammatory damage. In type 1 diabetes, retinoids reduce autoimmune responses, promote immune tolerance, and preserve β-cell mass. In type 2 diabetes, vitamin A modulates insulin secretion pathways and β-cell gene expression. However, high circulating retinol and retinol-binding protein 4 may contribute to insulin resistance. Carotenoids appear protective. Overall, vitamin A is a key nutritional factor with dual roles in diabetes. It exhibits both protective and pathogenic potential, depending on the context. This review clarifies mechanisms, identifies gaps, and highlights perspectives for nutritional and therapeutic strategies in diabetes management.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Digital phenotypes are behavioral patterns inferred from digital data, which have significantly contributed to eHealth research. Machine learning has proven effective in tracking these patterns; however, psychophysiological variables are still underutilized in identifying digital phenotypes. The objective of this study was to test the machine learning algorithms XGBoost, AdaBoost, RFC, and GaussianNB in classifying digital phenotypes of severe anxiety. Data from 360 volunteers, aged between 18 and 68 years of both sexes, were collected through self-report scales via the Neuropesquisa app, which simultaneously captured psychophysiological data, such as response time, accelerometer, and gyroscope readings. Scores from the DAAS-21 scale were used to identify individuals with severe anxiety. The results indicated that all four algorithms detected the digital phenotype with an accuracy greater than 75%. The RFC and GaussianNB classifiers achieved the highest accuracies, 81.48% and 80.56%, respectively, with f1 scores of 44.4% and 60.38%, and AUCs of 79% and 83% on the ROC curves. We conclude that the GaussianNB algorithm was the most effective in predicting the digital phenotype of severe anxiety.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Cytogenetic dosimetry (CD) provides biological evidence of radiation exposure and is particularly valuable in emergencies. However, its routine use in occupational protection remains limited globally. This study examines the barriers to institutionalization of CD within Brazil’s occupational health and safety (OHS) framework. A qualitative analysis was conducted through a critical examination of international standards, Brazilian regulations, and scientific literature. The study mapped national guidelines, identified regulatory gaps, and evaluated the implications for worker health surveillance, with a specific focus on the potential role of CD. Our analysis shows that cytogenetic dosimetry is a technically feasible, accessible, and cost-effective method for biological monitoring. Its implementation in Brazilian occupational settings is constrained by the absence of standardized protocols, a lack of professional training among OHS practitioners, and low awareness of its clinical applicability. The findings from the Brazilian context highlight the need for updated OHS policies that integrate physical dosimetry with the biological effects of radiation, providing broader insights for advancing evidence-based occupational health policies and promoting a stronger global culture of radiation protection.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Prosthetic fingers are advancing to improve grip and natural movement for amputees, but controlling them and minimizing chattering remains challenging, highlighting the need for more robust, precise, and stable control solutions to address these issues. To solve this issue, this study uses adaptive synergetic control. To verify this algorithm, a compares the performance of two control algorithms, adaptive sliding mode control and adaptive synergetic control, in managing the angular positions of a prosthetic finger. The adaptive synergetic control algorithm demonstrated superior tracking, achieving the desired trajectory 19% faster than adaptive sliding mode control, with minimal steady-state error and smoother control. Robustness tests were conducted under varying levels of system uncertainty (25% to 90%), showing that the adaptive synergetic control method effectively maintains accurate angular positions and velocities. Torque analysis revealed the adaptive synergetic control system’s adaptive response to uncertainties, with initial torque spikes compensating for increased uncertainty levels. The results highlight adaptive synergetic control robust performance, demonstrating its effectiveness in precise and stable control of prosthetic devices despite significant parameter variations.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The current study verified the side dominance and the symmetry index effect over the stroke phase’s duration and coordination in a 50 m front crawl all-out test; and the correlations between the symmetry index and performance in the 50 m all-out front crawl test. Seventeen swimmers performed a 50 m front crawl all-out test. Sagittal underwater video analyses were performed. Lateral dominance was identified. Symmetry index was calculated for the bilateral parameters. Comparisons of the stroke phase’s duration and index of coordination were performed (p ≤ 0.05 level). No difference between dominant and non-dominant sides was identified for the stroke phase’s duration (trivial and small effects sizes were identified). Regarding the symmetry index, entry and catch (11.2), pull (18.3), and recovery (29.8) duration, and index of coordination (52.3) were outside of the -10 to 10 limits of symmetry, with asymmetry to the non-dominant side. The results demonstrated that swimmers present symmetry for the entry and catch, and push phases. Asymmetries were observed for pull, recovery, propulsive and non-propulsive phases, and coordination. No correlation between the indices and performance was identified. Different interpretations regarding asymmetries in relation to inferential statistics and cutoff values must be considered.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract This study reports an exploratory in vitro screening of the biological potential of Dinizia excelsa Ducke, an Amazonian species and the only representative of its genus. Six wood extracts were prepared using solvents of different polarities and compared regarding their phytochemical profiles and biological activities. The methanolic extract presented the highest yield, followed by aqueous and acetonitrile extracts, which also contained the largest amounts of phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols, hydrolyzable tannins, saponins, and alkaloids. In antioxidant assays, polar extracts showed IC₅₀ values of 25.3–45.3 µg/mL (DPPH), 15.1–30.0 µg/mL (ABTS), 105–135 µg/mL (NO• and OH•), and 110.0–180.0 µg/mL (FRAP, CUPRAC, phosphomolybdenum, ferricyanide). Cytotoxicity tests revealed moderate effects against tumor cells (27.6–45.6 µg/mL), low toxicity in normal mammalian cells, and absence of hemolysis. Antimicrobial activity occurred against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and Candida spp. (16–512 µg/mL). Antiparasitic assays showed IC₅₀ values of 32.4–73.0 µg/mL against Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania amazonensis, Schistosoma mansoni, and Plasmodium falciparum. These findings indicate that D. excelsa wood residues contain bioactive compounds with measurable antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiparasitic properties. The results provide a preliminary foundation for future studies focused on isolation, structural elucidation, and mechanistic evaluation of active metabolites.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects the body due to repeated obstruction of the upper airways. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a treatment that can influence muscle function. This nine-month longitudinal study evaluated the effects of CPAP on molar bite force and on the thickness and surface temperature of the masseter and temporal muscles in adults. The study included 12 adults aged 20–70 with moderate or severe OSA, confirmed by polysomnography, all using CPAP. Molar bite force was measured with dynamometer; muscle thickness was evaluated by ultrasound at rest and during maximum contraction; and temperature was assessed using infrared thermography. Measurements were taken before treatment and at 3, 6, and 9 months. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni correction (p<0.05). Although no significant differences in bite force were observed, only a non-significant tendency toward increased maximum molar force on both sides was noted after nine months. Ultrasound showed a significant increase in right temporal muscle thickness at rest and during contraction, and a left-side increase at rest. Nine months of CPAP therapy in adults with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea resulted may influence craniofacial muscle morphology without significantly altering stomatognathic function.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Obesity is a major public health concern that is associated with endocrine and metabolic disorders. Morus nigra L. is traditionally used in folk medicine owing to its anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects. The effect of the lyophilized aqueous extract of the leaves of M. nigra L. (MN) on body weight gain and adipose tissue deposition in mice fed a hypercaloric diet was analyzed. A total of 46 male mice were divided into four groups: standard diet (SD), standard diet and extract (SD+MN), hypercaloric diet (HFD), and hypercaloric diet and extract (HFD+MN) for 12 weeks. The macroscopic, physiological, and biochemical parameters were evaluated. Use of M. nigra leaves extract in mice into hypercaloric diet (HFD+MN) reduced the blood glucose levels (mg/dl) and body weight gain (Δ%), what reflected in a lowest weight of adipose cushions (g) and gastrocnemius muscles (g) in comparison with control group (HFD) (p < 0.05). Other obesity-related biomarkers, including plasma lipid profiles and hepatic and renal functions, also showed improvement. Morus nigra leaf extract has the potential to be an alternative therapy for obesity-related metabolic disorders, primarily by improving glucose regulation and reducing fat mass in mice.

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Abstract Diarrhea is a common adverse event at the beginning of metformin hydrochloride use. Extended-release (XR) tablets are an alternative for patients intolerant to the immediate-release formulation. This study evaluated the perception of gastrointestinal adverse events (GAE), quality, and dissolution behavior between reference (R) and generic (G) XR formulations. A prospective cohort study recorded diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, and impact on daily activities using a perception form. R and G were analyzed for quality and dissolution behavior. Among 29 patients, 16 used R (55.2%) and 13 G (44.8%). Both groups presented GAE (diarrhea: R= 8, G= 8; abdominal discomfort: R= 9, G= 7). BMI was significantly associated with the occurrence of GAE regardless of the medications studied. All samples met pharmacopoeial quality standards. The Higuchi model best described the dissolution kinetics of R, and Peppas-Sahlin for G. The dissolution profiles were similar (F2= 67), although the dissolution efficiency differed by more than 10%. Our findings reinforce the interchangeability between reference and generic medicines, providing an effective option for patients with type II diabetes mellitus. This strengthens the principles of the National Generic Medicines Policy in Brazil, contributing to the sustainability of the healthcare system and the democratization of access to essential medicines.

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Abstract This study used the finite element method to evaluate a new orthodontic bracket design aiming to reduce friction during tooth movement, thereby minimizing tissue damage. The analysis focused on sliding resistance, retention capacity, and activation using stainless steel brackets (slot: 0.022”x0.027”) and various archwire types: square (0.022”x0.022”), rectangular (0.021”x0.025”), and round (0.020”). Simulations were performed under dry (µ=0.5) and lubricated (µ=0.3) conditions, totaling 40 models. Loads were applied to the arches, and von Mises stresses and forces were computed. The passive self-ligating sliding contact bracket showed up to 15% lower resistance to mesiodistal sliding under constant movement and up to 80% under variable movement with a 1N load; under 10N, the reduction reached 80% in both conditions. The active variant demonstrated full engagement of all wire edges and lower resistance to sliding. The distribution of stress varied with arch type and load direction, with round wires showing higher peak stresses. These results indicate promising mechanical advantages of the new bracket design in reducing sliding resistance while enhancing wire control. However, since this is a numerical simulation, clinical studies are required to confirm these findings and determine their practical relevance in orthodontic treatment.

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Abstract Fungal infections caused by Candida albicans represent a global health concern, with increasing antifungal resistance and potential links to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s. In this context, this study evaluated the antifungal, antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of the hydroethanolic leaf extract of Libidibia ferrea, a species used in traditional medicine. The antioxidant potential was determined using DPPH and ABTS assays, while acetylcholinesterase inhibition was assessed by an in vitro enzymatic assay. Antifungal activity was assessed against Candida albicans strains by broth microdilution and molecular docking was employed to predict the interactions of the main phenolic compounds with acetylcholinesterase and sterol 14-α-demethylase. The extract showed potent antioxidant activity (CI₅₀ = 9.68 ± 0.51 μg/mL for DPPH) and high inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (CI₅₀ = 15.02 ± 0.16 μg/mL). It also showed fungistatic and fungicidal effects, with MIC values ​​ranging from 0.118 to 0.469 mg/mL. In silico analyses highlighted rutin, catechin and ellagic acid as compounds with strong binding affinities to both enzymes, suggesting dual antifungal and neuroprotective effects. These results corroborate Libidibia ferrea as a promising source of bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic applications for fungal infections and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s.

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Abstract This study aims to clarify the evolutionary history of maternal lineages of southern South American Ilex taxa and their divergence times and dispersal patterns. Through comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of complete plastomes, a core phylogenetic structure was established and subsequently employed 11 plastid markers as its proxy, allowing the inclusion of species lacking plastomic data. Robust clades, consistently supported by maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses, were identified across datasets, suggesting that the markers retain phylogenetic signal. Four distinct maternal lineages were discerned within southern South America, alongside with five from North America and seven from Asia. Notably, Ilex paraguariensis-the yerba mate tree- demonstrates an ancestral relationship to northern American plastid lineages during the early Eocene to early Oligocene, indicating a separate dispersal event from other South American lineages, which originated in Asia in the early Eocene and likely diversified within South America. Furthermore, findings suggest that Ilex chloroplast genomes originated in the late Cretaceous, earlier than previously reported, supporting a scenario of extensive Neogene radiation. The utility of plastome data in resolving hybrid origins is also validated. This study underscores the necessity for further research on taxa from South, Central, and North America to comprehensively understand Ilex evolution.

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Abstract Cryptococcosis is a concerning fungal disease caused by encapsulated yeasts of the Cryptococcus neoformans/C. gattii species complexes, which can spread systemically, leading to meningitis with a high mortality. Treatment of cryptococcosis is a time-consuming process, relies on antifungals of limited distribution, and varies in effectiveness due to differing susceptibility profiles, particularly to azoles. This research aimed to evaluate the antifungal susceptibility of Cryptococcus spp. strains to amphotericin B, ketoconazole, fluconazole, and itraconazole, using clinical strains. Cryptococcus spp. strains were identified through India ink test and urease/phenoloxidase production, with species differentiation using canavanine-glycine-bromothymol blue (CGB) agar. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for the antifungals were determined using the Etest (episometer test). Twelve clinical isolates collected from nine patients at Hospital Escola Dr. Hélvio Auto in Maceió, Alagoas, were identified as C. neoformans type VNI. The MIC ranges were amphotericin B (0.023 – 0.25 μg/mL); ketoconazole (0.047 – 3 μg/mL); fluconazole (1 – >256 μg/mL); and itraconazole (0.032 – 2 μg/mL). Notably, some strains exhibited MIC values exceeding the epidemiological cutoff values for fluconazole and itraconazole, indicating a non-wild type (non-WT) phenotype. This study identified C. neoformans VNI strains with reduced azole susceptibility, emphasizing the need for antifungal resistance monitoring to guide treatment strategies.

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Abstract Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are bioplastics with increasing commercial interest due to their thermomechanical properties, which are comparable to those of petrochemical plastics. Furthermore, they biodegrade in various environments and biocompatible. Applications related to both packaging and biomedical purposes have therefore prompted research to improve their production. Among the microorganisms capable of producing them, Cupriavidus necator stands out as one of the most widely studied and efficient platforms and is the model microorganism for PHA production. This bacterium is highly versatile, capable of utilizing diverse carbon sources, from sugars and organic acids to CO2 and hydrogen, to produce a wide range of polymers in high concentrations. This review provides a comprehensive overview of C. necator covering its taxonomic history, metabolic pathways, and the genetic regulation of PHA synthesis. We examine the stoichiometry of growth and polymer production, presenting generalized equations for different carbon sources. Furthermore, we discuss the biotechnological production of PHAs, comparing performance between Erlenmeyer flasks and bioreactors, and analyzing the effect of different feeding strategies on polymer yield and composition. Finally, current challenges and prospects are addressed, emphasizing the potential of C. necator as a sustainable and versatile cell factory for the large-scale production of biopolymers.

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Abstract The growing interest in non-conventional probiotics has led to investigations of new candidates with health promoting properties. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro probiotic potential of Zymomonas mobilis UFPEDA 363. The strain exhibited exponential growth, reaching 8.8 log CFU/mL within 24 h, and demonstrated strong acid tolerance with survival rates of 54% at pH 3.0, 99% at pH 3.5, and 100% at pH 7. It exhibited notable surface properties, including auto-aggregation (64%), co-aggregation with Staphylococcus aureus and high hydrophobicity in the presence of organic solvents. The strain also tolerated bile salts, maintaining 96-100% survival and viability above log 8 CFU/mL under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Antagonistic activity assays revealed effective inhibition of Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli. Regarding safety, the strain was susceptible to most clinically relevant antibiotics, such as tetracycline and ampicillin, and it did not exhibit hemolytic or gelatinase activity. These results indicate the acid and bile salt resistance, antimicrobial potential and safety profile of Zymomonas mobilis UFPEDA 363, supporting its candidacy as a probiotic microorganism. Further in vivo studies are needed to confirm its efficacy and explore applications in functional foods or therapeutic formulations aimed at promoting human health.

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Abstract Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a globally significant crop valued for its nutritional content and economic importance. This study evaluated the effect of individual and combined inoculation of two growth-promoting microorganisms in tomato: the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. The research was conducted in chamber conditions using tomato plants cultivar Elpida, at two developmental stages: seedlings and transplanted plants. Colonization of B. bassiana in plant tissues was confirmed by isolation from different organs, showing a higher presence in stems. mycorrhizal colonization was evident in roots, with the highest intensity in coinoculation treatments, which also showed greater formation of structures typical of symbiosis. Regarding growth, B. bassiana promoted greater leaf number and shoot biomass in seedlings, while R. irregularis favored root development, which is important for adaptation after transplanting. Coinoculation resulted in a significant increase in leaf area and mycorrhizal colonization, especially after transplanting, suggesting that the combination of these microorganisms can enhance the growth of tomato plants. The results indicate that early inoculation with B. bassiana and R. irregularis can be an effective strategy to improve plant development, although additional studies are required to evaluate long-term effects and final yield.

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Abstract This study investigated, for the first time, plastic particle contamination in abiotic and biotic matrices of three Brazilian Federal Conservation Units. We analyzed small freshwater bodies (lagoons and puddles), characterizing the abundance, size, shape, and color of plastic particles in three matrices: water, sediment, and tadpoles. Nine species of Neotropical anuran tadpoles were examined. Microplastic particles were identified based on visual criteria under optical microscopy. Plastic particles were detected in all matrices, with varying abundances. Both microplastics (MPs) and mesoplastics were observed, with MPs < 0.5 mm predominating, mainly in the form of blue fibers. Five tadpole species showed MP contamination: Dendropsophus novaisi, Scinax pachycrus, Leptodactylus caatingae, Leptodactylus macrosternum, and Physalaemus cuvieri, with no mesoplastics detected in tadpoles. The results indicate considerable, though not extreme, exposure to plastic particles, likely associated with human sources adjacent to the protected areas. The presence of these particles even in legally protected environments highlights the silent threat of plastic pollution and the urgent need for effective public policies. This study contributes to the understanding of plastic particle contamination in freshwater ecosystems and their bioaccumulation in tadpoles, reinforcing the importance of sustainable management in these environments.

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Abstract Prolonged drought events are expected to become more frequent due to climate change. Although they already occur in semiarid regions, their impact on fish assemblages in reservoirs remains unknown. This study aimed to assess the beta diversity of fish assemblages and the relative importance of spatial and environmental filtering within a period of prolonged drought. Samples were collected with trawl nets in five reservoirs in July, September, and November 2016 and March and June 2017. Beta diversity based on taxonomy and abundance was divided into species replacement and differences in richness/abundance. Limnological variables and geographic distance between reservoirs were used to test their effect on fish assemblages. Abundance decreased and taxonomic beta diversity increased in the month of lowest volume, due to geographic isolation (spatial filtering), which may have limited dispersal and caused the clustered distribution of fish. Both components of beta diversity were important in explaining it, demonstrating the need for different conservation strategies. Therefore, conservation strategies need to be adopted to conserve fish and ensure recolonization of fish assemblages during the subsequent rainy season, reducing local extinction events.

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Abstract Galls induced by insects on aquatic angiosperms are rare and poorly understood. To expand our knowledge of these galls on aquatic host plants and update the distribution of their gall-inducing insect, we present the first record of Polypedilum mehinaku galls on Mourera fluviatilis in Bahia, thus expanding the area in which the gall-inducing insect is found, whose distribution was restricted to Pará. The galls are globoid, green, unilocular, glabrous, and induced individually along the leaf veins. The results confirm previous records of galls on M. fluviatilis and extend the geographical distribution of the gall-inducing insect in Brazil.

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Abstract This study investigated the structure, abundance, and biomass of the demersal zooplankton assemblage in the Tamandaré bay (Pernambuco, Brazil), a shallow coastal reef ecosystem, during dry and rainy seasons. We tested the hypothesis that a more productive scenario during the rainy season would sustain a more abundant and diverse community. Sampling was conducted using emergence traps on a fixed station over coral reefs. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, the dry season exhibited higher diversity and abundance, associated with increased temperature, salinity, chl-a concentrations, and moonlight intensity. However, community biomass did not differ between seasons, balanced by high Mysida biomass in the rainy season. A total of 68 taxa were identified, predominantly crustaceans (e.g., Copepoda such as Acartia lilljeborgi and Dioithona oculata, as well as Cumacea and Mysida). The results indicate that the assemblage structure is shaped by a mosaic of environmental (e.g., temperature, pluviometry, total suspended solids and moonlight intensity) and behavioral factors, with seasonal variability being a primary driver, favoring diversity and abundance in the dry season while maintaining consistent biomass between seasons.

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Abstract The responses of biodiversity to urban gradients are poorly characterized in tropical cities. We investigated the taxonomic structure of anuran assemblages along the urban-rural gradients in Tabatinga, an Amazonian city in a region with the highest amphibian diversity in the world. We carried out quantitative censuses of anurans in transects distributed in urban, peri-urban, rural and minimally disturbed forests. We sampled 2,841 individuals belonging to 51 anuran species. Rural and peri-urban habitats showed similar species richness, and both are richer than urban habitats. Species abundance distribution in urban transects was more strongly dominated by fewer species than peri-urban, rural and terra-firme forest habitats. Species composition was similar between urban, peri-urban, and rural habitats, with the anuran assemblages displaying a nested arrangement in the species distribution. Anuran alpha diversity was positively affected by distance from a major river and the amount of green area around transects. In contrast, the alpha diversity of anuran species is negatively influenced by increasing the number of utility poles. Studies around the world suggest that urban habitats in cities may harbor a diverse fauna of anurans. The maintenance of urban protected areas by municipal governments may be relevant for the conservation of amphibians in the Amazon.

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Abstract This study aimed to present the status of on-farm conservation, considering its relevance for the preservation of agrobiodiversity on a global scale and its impacts in Brazil. Through bibliometric analyses, the most frequent institutions, countries, and researchers publishing on the topic were identified, and the main topics studied in each four-year publication period were discussed, covering the period from 1996 to 2023. A timeline of significant events in the establishment and legal recognition of landrace conservation was created. Since 1996, 315 original and 15 review articles have been indexed. Italy, Brazil, and the USA lead in publication numbers, with Italy standing out due to its focus on Fabaceae varieties and high researcher output. Brazil, like the USA and Italy, also has a significant support from global funding agencies for on-farm conservation research. The four-year analysis revealed the decentralization of research from Europe to the Global South and the improvements in research over time. The bibliometric review and organization of a timeline demonstrated that the development of incentive programs for the conservation of landrace varieties, coupled with support for scientific research, enhances the value of plant genetic resources and contributes to food security, sustainable agriculture, and genetic conservation.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Calliphoridae and Mesembrinellidae flies play a key role in nutrient cycling and environmental sanitation. Their distribution is shaped by vertical resource availability and species-specific biological traits. Understanding the efficiency and selectivity of sampling methods is essential to reveal distribution patterns and corrected sampling biases, enabling more accurate estimates of population density and resource use. We assessed the abundance of calliphorids and mesembrinelids females and males in traps with two types of baits (bovine lung and fermented banana) exposed at two heights (0.6 m and 10 m) above the ground, as well as the ovarian development of females in each treatment. Statistically significant differences were observed in sex ratios and ovarian development. Females of Calliphoridae and Mesembrinellidae in vitellogenic stages were more abundant in the protein baits at 0.6m above the ground, while male calliphorids predominated in banana baits irrespective of height. Additionally, male mesembrinelids were more abundant in banana baits placed at 10m above the ground. The results of this study provide important insights into the biological patterns of the two families of sarcosaprophagous flies, revealing potential reproductive substrates, the efficiency of different sampling methods, and the importance of considering the interaction between sexual behavior, physiological state, and resource availability.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The Amazon contains many economically important native fruit trees, including Myrciaria dubia, popularly known as camu-camu or caçari. This plant is noted for its nutritional properties, including a high ascorbic acid concentration in its fruits. The flowering of camu-camu is an important source of resources for bees in the Amazon and the species depends on bees for successful pollination. In this study, we compare camu-camu flower visitors and the structure of interactions in the natural environment and in agricultural plantation. From October 2018 to January 2019, we use pollen analysis to build qualitative matrices for analysis of pollination interaction networks. The natural environment camu-camu population interacted with a more diverse guild of bees (24 species) than that in the cultivated (14 spp.). However, the network metrics were similar in each area, though the most generalist species were different (Scaptotrigona nigrohirta in the natural versus Apis mellifera in the cultivated area). Although the structure of interactions is similar, the predominance of Apis mellifera, thus effectively take on the role of the native pollinator species may be of concern. In conjunction with the reduction in total visitor richness, cultivated systems may demonstrate greater fragility and less stability in pollination.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Ariamnes longissimus plays a relevant ecological role as a predator, yet its distribution remains underestimated, reflecting knowledge gaps. This study updates its distribution, reports new occurrences, and discusses biogeographic implications. Primary and secondary data (118 records) were compiled, georeferenced, and mapped according to biomes and political divisions. We report the first occurrence in Bahia (Northeast Brazil) and in the Cerrado. The species occurs in Argentina, Peru, and 10 Brazilian states, predominantly in the Atlantic Forest (78%) and Pampas (16%), with additional records in the Amazon and Cerrado. The concentration of records in southern and southeastern Brazil (94%) suggests either sampling bias or historical barriers, whereas its rarity in the Cerrado and absence in the Caatinga/Chaco indicate an association with humid environments. This distribution may be linked to paleoecological corridors between the Amazon and Atlantic Forest during humid periods of the Miocene–Pleistocene. We conclude that the distribution of A. longissimus is broader than previously expected but remains underestimated, with ecological plasticity evidenced by its occurrence across multiple biomes.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Habitat fragmentation is one of the main threats to biodiversity. Studying biodiversity is also useful for evaluating the impacts of anthropogenic activities and guiding conservation decisions. We evaluated the effects of habitat fragmentation on reptile diversity in the Tandilia Mountains, a landscape of isolated grassland patches embedded in an agricultural matrix. Seven isolated patches of native grassland were characterized in terms of their spatial characteristics, land use, and diversity. Then a SIMPER analysis and rank-abundance curves were performed to estimate dissimilarity between patches. A Canonical Correspondence Analysis was conducted to understand how the characteristics of the grassland patches influence reptile species presence. A total of 20 species were found in the selected patches. Amphisbaena kingii, Epictia munoai, and Liolaemus tandiliensis were the most abundant and dominant species. The highest reptile diversity was found in the patches more connected, with low border effect and more native grassland. This study highlights the need to prevent further fragmentation of the remaining grasslands to conserve reptile diversity of Tandilia Mountains. Protecting their habitats could provide umbrella protection to other less-documented or cryptic taxa within the same ecosystems.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract This study investigates the growth and reproductive strategies of the foliose lichen Pyxine petricola in the urban environment of Campo Grande, MS, Brazil, addressing a knowledge gap regarding its response to meteorological variation and urban environmental stressors. Over a two-year period, we monitored 13 individual thalli, analyzing growth dynamics, reproductive investment, and environmental associations. On average, thalli expanded more than 3.32 cm² per year and produced approximately 93 apothecia annually. Despite some individual variability, three thalli consistently exhibited high growth and reproductive output. Our results show that sexual reproduction in P. petricola does not necessarily reduce vegetative growth. Environmental variables—particularly total rainfall—were positively correlated with both thallus expansion and apothecia production. Additionally, lichen mortality mirrored host tree mortality, emphasizing the role of phorophyte viability. These findings offer novel insights into P. petricola’s adaptive capacity in urban settings and reinforce the value of lichens as sensitive indicators for environmental monitoring.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Altitude is a key environmental factor influencing ecological patterns and biodiversity in ecosystems. In aquatic organisms, taxonomic richness typically declines with increasing altitude, although studies on Ephemeroptera show variability in this trend. To better understand this relationship and identify research gaps, we conducted a literature review using the Web of Science database using the terms “Ephemeroptera”, “Mayfl*”, “watercourse” and “altitude” in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, complemented with data from a global study on aquatic insects. Out of 228 identified articles, 74 met our criteria. The most relevant journals were Freshwater Biology (n = 11) and Hydrobiologia (n = 5). Studies were concentrated in the Palearctic (40.5%) and Neotropical (29.7%) regions, with Algeria (n = 6), Slovakia (n = 4), Ecuador (n = 8), and Argentina (n = 8) as the most studied countries. Most studies investigated the influence of environmental factors on community composition and diversity (n = 35). Only ~30% focused exclusively on Ephemeroptera, emphasizing nymph stages and species-level taxonomy. Sampling was concentrated at up to 20 sites (n = 42) at elevations below 3,000 m. Our analysis confirms that Ephemeroptera species richness, genus richness, and overall abundance significantly decline at higher elevations.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract In hornworts, the infection process by Nostoc begins early in gametophyte development, with multiple cyanobacterial strains often present in the same thallus, suggesting varying levels of specificity in symbiosis. We tested the effect of a Nostoc strain from the rupicolous hornwort Nothoceros vincentianus on spore germination and sporeling development of N. vincentianus and epiphytic Dendroceros crispus. Over 154 days, D. crispus outperformed N. vincentianus, which showed lower survival and growth when associated with Nostoc. These results highlight the complexity of Nostoc-hornwort interactions and suggest Nostoc strains naturally occurring within a species’ gametophyte may not perform well in vitro.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The Serra do Padre Ângelo (SPA), a quartzitic mountain complex in the Atlantic Forest of Rio Doce Valley, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, harbors exceptional biodiversity. Recent studies have uncovered numerous new species, particularly in the campos rupestres, a unique ecosystem. Despite its ecological importance, the SPA remains legally unprotected. This study initiates a series of taxonomic studies on SPA’s plant families, focusing on Eriocaulaceae, a key group in the campos rupestres. Field expeditions, herbarium studies, and SEM seed imaging revealed eight Eriocaulaceae species belonging to four genera: Giuliettia, Gnomus, Paepalanthus, and Syngonanthus. Two species are endemic to SPA and its vicinity, while three are classified as Critically Endangered. The study highlights significant biogeographic, taxonomic, and conservation insights, including the rediscovery of one species. These findings emphasize SPA’s critical role in biodiversity conservation amid mounting anthropogenic threats that risk species extinction.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract In the present study, eleven new records of gasteroid fungi are described in different areas of the Brazilian Cerrado biome, distributed in three families: Geastraceae, Lycoperdaceae, and Nidulariaceae. The species Cyathus amazonicus, C. aurantiogriseocarpus, C. aff. badius, C. aff. earlei, C. gracilis, and C. magnomuralis correspond to the first records for the Brazilian Cerrado. Geastrum minimum, Calvatia nodulata, C. bicolor, and Cyathus stercoreus correspond to the second record for the Brazilian Cerrado. Lycoperdon fuligineum corresponds to the fourth record in the Cerrado areas of Brazil. The rare species Cyathus aurantiogriseocarpus and C. magnomuralis have been described again, for the first time, almost 10 years after their discovery. Both species represent the second record for science and for Brazil. The taxa described are presented on plates with detailed photographs and micrographs for each species and a map of the collection sites.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Fragmentary fossil remains from the Romualdo Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of Brazil, preserved in association with two fish were interpreted as two individuals of a new genus and species of ctenochasmatine pterosaur, Bakiribu waridza Pêgas et al. 2025. Comparison with fossils from the same geological unit show that the remains represent the gill arch apparatus of a large actinopterygian fish. A series of partially articulated bony elements correspond closely in morphology to the ceratohyals, hypohyals, basibranchial and hypobranchials of amiid fish while the purported ‘teeth’, which lack enamel, dentine tubules and in most cases evidence of a structure corresponding to a pulp cavity, are reinterpreted as gill filaments. Bakiribu waridza is a fish, not a pterosaur and the name, founded on indeterminate remains of an actinopterygian fish, possibly an amiid, should be treated as a nomen dubium. Rather than a regurgitalite this association of several fish remains appears to be a typical Romualdo Formation concretion. This reinterpretation of Bakiribu has negligible impact on our current understanding of the evolutionary history of pterosaurs as ctenochasmatines represented, for example, by Pterodaustro, were already known to be present in South America until the end of the Early Cretaceous.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The predator Brontocoris tabidus (Signoret 1852) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) exhibits greater predatory efficiency than Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas 1851) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). This study aimed to assess whether the superior performance of B. tabidus is related to differences in the morphology of its mouthparts. The rostrum, as well as the mandibular and maxillary stylets of adult insects, were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. No structural differences were observed between the mouthparts of the two predators. Both species have asymmetrical maxillary stylets with tapered tips and small lateral teeth near the apical end. The mandibular stylets are symmetrical, with large apical teeth arranged in an arrow-like pattern, and deep grooves along their surface. Both the teeth and grooves are oriented toward the insect’s head. The mandibular stylets and arrow-shaped structures are proportionally longer in B. tabidus, which may confer greater attack efficiency and could be associated with the larger body size of this predator.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract This study investigated the protozoan Nematopsis sp. in the mangrove mussel (Mytella strigata), know in Brazil as “mexilhão-do-mangue”, commercialized at Ver-o-Peso market in Belém, Pará state, Brazil. The purpose of this study was to identify the presence of the parasite and to describe his morphological characteristics. 72 specimens of M. strigata were collected, and the oocysts was analysed by light microscopy, while pathogenicity was assessed throught histological staining. The findings demonstrated a high prevalence (100%) in the foot musculature of the mollusks, characterized by diffuse necrosis and consequent myofibrilar degeneration. The number of oocysts per parasitophore vacuole ranged from 6 to 8, with each oocyst containing a single sporozoite. Based on data obtained through light microscopy and host specificity, the gregarine Nematopsis sp. was morphologically distinct from previously described species. Nonetheless, additional research employing complementary methodologies such as ultrastructural analyses and the use of molecular biology with the use of universal eukaryotic markers such as the rDNA18S gene for phylogenetic analyses will be necessary for the description of a a new species, highlighting it´s significance within the context of COP30 discussions on climate change and environmental health.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The Cerrado still represents a gap in knowledge about interactions between bats and plants, especially in the state of Maranhão. As this is the first study focused on the diet of frugivorous bats in the region, its aim was to characterize the interspecific frugivory relationships. We captured bats during dry and rainy season of 2014 and 2015, across 48 sites in six municipalities, using an effort of 13.8 km of mist nets over 96 sampling. A total of 929 bats were captured, distributed in 25 species, 18 genera and 5 subfamilies. The most abundant species were Carollia perspicillata (33.3%), Phyllostomus discolor (26.2%) and Artibeus planirostris (8.9%). Sixteen new records of plant species associated with bats were identified in the Brazilian Cerrado. The results highlight the high dietary plasticity of C. perspicillata compared to other species, as a keystone species in local frugivory networks. This study emphasizes the ecological importance of fruit bats in seed dispersal in the Cerrado of Maranhão, reinforcing the diversity of the local fauna. Documenting novel plant–bat interactions underscore the ecological importance of these species in sustaining and regenerating natural ecosystems, while simultaneously contributing to the closure of knowledge gaps and informing biodiversity conservation efforts.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Large extensions of the Atlantic Forest in Brazil and Argentina have been replaced by monoculture tree plantations (mainly Pinus spp.). Small changes in the chemistry of pools where leaf litter tend to accumulate can have major effects on amphibian physiology and ecology. This work studied effects of pine needles on Odontophrynus reigi tadpoles. We exposed tadpoles to different concentrations of pine needles (0, 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 g/L). In tadpoles, we determined: 1) morphological endpoints, 2) growth rate and development stage, 3) oxidative stress parameters (catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein oxidation (PO)) and 4) genetic damage (micronucleus, erythrocytes nuclear abnormalities and mitotic index). Dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, ammonia and total phenols (TP) were determined in water. As pine needle concentration increased, DO, pH and ammonium decreased in water, and TP increased. All morphological endpoints increased as pine needle increased, except body width that decreased. Oxidative damage had opposite effects: LPO decreased 50%, and PO had a 3-fold increase at 2.5 g/L. Catalase and glutathione-S-transferase enzymatic activities did not change significantly. Mitotic index increased with pine needle concentration. These physiological responses, likely driven by changes in water chemistry, suggest a potential long-term cost for individuals inhabiting pine monocultures.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract To perform a morphological, histochemical, morphometric, and fractal analysis of the submandibular–sublingual salivary complex of immunosuppressed male Balb/c mice experimentally infected with Zika virus (ZIKV), aiming to characterize infection-related structural alterations. A total of 110 male Balb/c mice were immunosuppressed with dexamethasone and inoculated intraperitoneally with ZIKV. Animals were allocated into control and infected groups and euthanized at 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days post-infection (dpi). Body weight, salivary gland weight, and organosomatic index were assessed. The glands were processed for histological, histochemical, morphometric, and fractal analyses. Parameters evaluated included collagen deposition, acinar and ductal morphology, epithelial height, lumen area, fractal dimension, and lacunarity. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s post hoc (p < 0.05). ZIKV-infected mice showed transient body weight loss and increased glandular weight and organosomatic index at specific time points. Histopathological changes included ductal tortuosity, vacuolization, increased connective tissue, and higher cellularity. A progressive increase in collagen deposition was observed, indicating fibrosis in both serous and mucous acini, especially after 21 dpi. Morphometric and fractal analyses revealed marked glandular remodeling and increased structural complexity. These findings demonstrate that ZIKV infection induces significant morphological and fibrotic alterations in salivary glands.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Morphological identification of Palaemonidae prawns often proves challenging due to the overlap in their characteristics. In this study, we evaluated the utility of 28S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences as a molecular tool for accurately identifying prawns within this family. Specimens were sourced from scientific collections in the Brazilian Amazon, and sequences obtained from these samples were prioritized for constructing a reference sequence database. The efficacy of the 28S rDNA was then assessed by analyzing sequences within the reference database and applying it to identify samples from the Amazonas and Tapajós rivers. Our species delimitation analyses provided accurate molecular identification, revealing the potential of 28S rDNA sequences in addressing taxonomic inconsistencies. Notably, the results uncovered misclassifications among some specimens deposited in scientific collections, emphasizing the importance of molecular tools in refining Palaemonidae taxonomy in the Amazon.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Anacroneuria is the genus of Plecoptera with the greatest species richness — around 400 species — encompassing more than 10% of the order’s known diversity. It is one of the most frequently collected genera in the Neotropical region, where all its species are found. While reliable species identification is crucial for taxonomic, ecological, and biomonitoring research, the genus includes a large number of poorly described species — mainly for adults —, some of which share a high degree of morphological similarity. The dichotomous nature of traditional keys may pose challenges to identification in genera such as Anacroneuria, and new identification tools can attenuate these difficulties. Thus, this work aims to produce the first step of an interactive, multi-access identification key for the males of the species of Anacroneuria. In this work, the first iteration of the key is released with the species found in Southeastern Brazil — which includes almost half of the species found in Brazil. The key currently covers 36 species by means of 15 characters — one of the largest taxon coverages and highest efficiencies in the genus to date. The key is housed in Xper3, a database for interactive identification, and in collaborative efforts the project will expand its species coverage.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Standardizing feeding protocols for zebrafish (Danio rerio) is essential to improve experimental reproducibility. This study evaluated the effects of semi-purified diet particle size (159, 256, 362, 462, and 550 µm) on the performance of juvenile zebrafish. A total of 225 fish (85.8 ± 1.3 mg) were randomly distributed in a completely randomized design with three replicates per treatment (15 fish per tank). Fish were fed twice daily at 5% body weight for 49 days using a semi-purified diet containing 35% crude protein. Weight gain increased quadratically (p < 0.05) with particle size, peaking at 514 µm. Feed conversion was optimized at 515 µm while survival was unaffected (p > 0.05). Fish fed 159 and 256 µm particles had 23-32% lower weight gain than those fed 362-550 µm particles, which performed similarly (p > 0.05). The estimated optimal particle size (~515 µm) represented 2.0-2.1% of fish total length (16.3 ± 0.9 mm), although sizes from 1.5 to 2.3% (362-550 µm) showed no significant differences. The findings demonstrate that diets with a particle size of approximately 2% of fish length maximize growth and feed efficiency, providing a practical guideline for standardizing feeding protocols in zebrafish research.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract This paper proposes a new model for rock mass classification, using machine learning techniques. The variables used are often associated with well-known geomechanical classifications. Factor analysis permitted reducing system dimensionality, selecting only the significant variables related to the rock mass quality. The proposed model used the k-medoid clustering technique to create the geomechanical classes, specifically the partitioning around medoids algorithm, unsupervised learning. The results indicated the formation of seven groups, labeled through the interpretation of the variable values in each group. Subsequently, a decision tree was applied to obtain the geomechanical classes defined by k-medoids technique; aiming to present an easy way for new users to apply the proposed rock mass classification. The proposed model is a new approach to deal with rock mass classification problems, decreasing subjectivity, increasing parameter selectivity, reducing the dimensionality of geotechnical databases and optimizing the application of classification systems.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Rising ecological concerns over synthetic fibers and petrochemical polymers have accelerated the search for sustainable alternatives in composite development. This study investigates a novel hybrid vinyl ester (VIE) composite reinforced with Borassus flabellifer and Cocos nucifera fibers at varying loadings (10–30 wt%). The composites were fabricated and systematically characterized for their mechanical, thermal, and moisture resistance properties. Results revealed that the 30 wt% hybrid composite exhibited the highest property enhancements, with tensile strength improving from 6 MPa (neat VIE) to 24 MPa, flexural strength from 238 MPa to 566 MPa, impact resistance from 6 kJ/m² to 34 kJ/m², and hardness from 9 HRB to 67 HRB. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated enhanced thermal stability, indicating better resistance to thermal degradation. Water absorption studies confirmed reduced moisture uptake compared to neat VIE, highlighting the improved interfacial bonding between fibers and matrix. These findings demonstrate that Borassus flabellifer and Cocos nucifera fibers effectively enhance the physico-chemical performance of VIE, making the hybrid composites suitable for diverse structural and functional applications in aerospace, automotive, marine, and sports equipment industries.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The development of antimicrobial resistance against traditionally used drugs has become a current problem. To address these problems, essential oil emulsions have emerged as one of the solutions. Emulsions, however, may exhibit instability phenomena due to storage time. This study investigated the influence of storage time on the physicochemical properties of cinnamon bark essential oil emulsions. These emulsions were produced using: cinnamon bark essential oil (Cinnamomum cassia) (CEO), coconut oil as the Ostwald ripening inhibitor (OR), and 10 and 20 % (v/v) of polysorbate 80 (CEOE-1 and CEOE-2, respectively) as the surfactant by spontaneous emulsification. The visual appearance of emulsions CEOE-1 and CEOE-2 were evaluated at 0, 15, and 30 days. For these emulsions, the physicochemical properties investigated were: pH, turbidity, and dynamic viscosity at 0, 15 and 30 days. Dynamic light scattering results revealed that the average particle size for CEOE-1 and CEOE-2 are in nanometric dimensions, 176.79 ± 3.13 nm and 182.53 ± 1.47 nm, respectively. Our results demonstrated marginal variations in the physicochemical properties of CEOE-2 at 0, 15 and 30 days. In addition, the antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Candida albicans was found for CEOE-1 and CEOE-2, but not to Staphylococcus aureus.